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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1优秀学习资料欢迎下载新目标英语中考词汇辨析 a bit/ a little这两个词都意为“ 一点儿” 有时可以互换,但有时不能；二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时, 意义相同, 为“ 一点儿”“有些” ；如： I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿； He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢；二者都可以作名词词组,充当主语或宾语；如： A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了； I know only a little
2、 / a bit about her. 我对她的情形只明白一点； a little 可直接修饰名词；a bit 后须加 of 才可以；如：. There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle. 留意 a little of 后的名词通常特指,表“ 中的一些” ,如：May I have a little of your tea. . 否定形式 not a little 作状语,相当于 very/ quite, “ 很” , “ 特别” ；作定语和宾语时,相当于 much, 意为 “ 很多
3、” ；而 not a bit 作状语时,相当于 not at all, 意为“ 一点也不”,作宾语时就相当于 not much. Eg: He is not a little =very hungry. 他饿极了； He is not a bit =not at all hungry. 他一点也不饿； She ate not a little =much. 她吃得很多；. Not a bit 中的 not 可以分开使用；not a littl e 中的 not 就不能分开； Eg: He felt not a bit tired. = He didn t feel a bit tired. 他
4、觉得一点也不累； He felt not a little tired. 他觉得特别累；但不能说：He didn t fell a little tired. 2 a few/ few/ a little/ little . a few 和 few 修饰可数名词,a little 和 little 修饰不行数名词；a few 和 a little 表示确定意义, few 和 little 表示否定意义,可受 only 修饰；如： Few people will agree to the plan because it s too dangerous. This text is easy to
5、understand though there are a few new words in it. There is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some Don t worry, we have a little time left. 3 above/over/on/upon . 方位介词, “ 在 之上”. above 着重指：在 上方,不肯定含有垂直在上的意思；反义词为：below. The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上； The aero plane flew a
6、bove the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行；.over 表盖在 上面, 或铺在 上面；此时不能用 above.代替； 含有垂直在上的意思；反义词为 under. Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上；. on 含有与表面相接触的意思； The book is on the desk. There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画；.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思；与on 没有多大的区分,但较正式,口语中较少用； He laid his hand upon the boy s head.
7、 他把手放在孩子的头上；注 up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思；常和表示运动的动词连用；作副词时,表示在上方或高处； We run up a hill. 我们跑上山； The plane was high up in the air. 飞机在高空中； 4 accept/receive . accept “ 接受” ,表示其行为是由主观意愿打算的；名师归纳总结 I acceptedit without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它；第 1 页,共 31 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎
8、下载 We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议；. receive “ 接到、收到、受到” 表示其行为与主观意愿无关；如： I receiveda letter from him. 我收到了他的来信； He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受下来； He receiveda good education.他受到了良好的训练；注 在表示接待、会见时,通常用 receive, 而不用 accept. 如： We often receive foreign guests. 我们常常
9、接待外宾； 5 across/through/ over . across “ 横过、穿过”,指从 的一边到另一边；含义与 on 有关；如： I swam across the river. 我游过这条河（指从今岸到彼岸） Let s help push the cart across the bridge. 我们帮着把车子推过桥吧；. through “ 穿过、 通过”指穿过两边； 是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头；是从内部穿过,含义与 in 有关；如： We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林； The river flows through the city
10、 from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城市；. over“ 横过、跨过”指横过道路、河流等“ 瘦长物” 时,与 across通用； Over 虽可指从表面的接触及跳（飞）越,但指 渡过 就不能用；从房间、原野、海洋等“ 平面延长” 的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用；而常用 across. She went across / overthe bridge. He jumped across / overthe stream 他跳过了小溪； She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡； They drove across th
11、e desert. 他们驶过沙漠；另外, over 作介词仍有“ 翻过 ”的意思,如： climb the mountain 翻过那座山； 6 afraid/ fear . afraid “ 可怕”是形容词,只能作表语,而不能作定语,后接 of 短语或不定式,构成be afraid of sb. 和 be afraid to do sth She is afraid of a snake. 她可怕蛇； The little girl is afraid to go out at night. afraid +that clause “ 唯恐” ,是动听拒绝别人的一种表达方式；如： I m af
12、raid that I can t go to the party. My brother is sick. 唯恐我不能去参与聚会了；我弟弟病了；. fear “ 可怕”是动词,与 be afraid 往往通用,但不如它常用（特殊是在口语中）；如： We fear no difficulty. 我们不怕困难 ； e feared to speak his mind. 他不敢说出自己的想法； Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him. 由于怕他会受凉,我走去看他； 7feel like / would like .feel l
13、ike 与 would like 意思很相近,但 feel like 后面常跟 名词；动名词；构成： feel like doing sth. 而 would like 一般接名词；动词不定式；构成： would like to do sth.的句式；如：名师归纳总结 I feel like having a drink. = I would like to have a drink. 我想喝一杯；第 2 页,共 31 页Do you feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk. 你要不要漫步？I don t feel l
14、ike eating. 我不想吃东西；.feel like 仍表示：“ 觉得似乎,摸起来像”；如：It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎； 8. after/behind“ 在 之后”. after “ 在 （时间）之后” ；“ 在 （地点）之后” ,指次序；如：He came after ten o clock. 他十点以后来的；Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天以后,我拜望了他；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料欢迎下载 against 排在 again
15、 之 Against comes after again in this cictionary. 在这本字典中后；. behind 表地点时意为：在 后面、着重指位置的前后；有时也指时间,表依据肯定的时刻而迟了的意思； The garden is behind the house. He stood behind me. The train was behind time. 火车误点了； You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时； 9. ago/before . ago adv. “ 以前” 指从今刻起,如干时间以前,通常与过去连用；如： It happened tw
16、o days ago.这件事发生在两天以前； I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前遇到他；. before adv, prep & conj “ 以前” 指从那时起如干时间以前；通常与完成时、过去时等连用；仍可用作前置词或连接词表时间,而 ago 就不能这样用； He said that he had seen her two days before.他说他两天前见到过她；（表从她说话那时起两天前） I had been fine the day before.那天 前一天的天气很好；I ve seen that film before. I never me
17、t him before. 10. agree to/ agree with/ agree onup on . agree to “ 同意、应允”通常用于同意某件事情（我们可以同意我们自己有不同看法而并不赞同的事情） ；如：（气Do you agree tothis plan. He agreed tomy proposal.他同意了我的提议；I agreed tohis terms. 我同意了他的条件；. agree with “ 同意、赞同”常常表示同某人看法一样,也可表赞同某件事情；仍有“候、食物等）适合”之意；如：I quite agree with you.我很同意你；Do you
18、agree with me . I agree with all you say.我同意你所说的；His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一样；Too much meat doesn t agree with her. 吃太多肉对她身体不合适；注：agree with 不能用于被动语态；. agree on /upon “ 对 取得一样看法”达成了某种协议；如：指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一样的看法或After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过争论,双方就停火问题达成了协议；
19、They all agree on the plan.他们对这个方案看法一样；注：此句型可转换成 agree in doing sth.如： All of them agreed on / upon it. = All of them 共识；agreed in doing it. 他们对做这个问题达成了 11 at times / at all times / all the time . at times “ 不时；有时”如： The tide is , at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得高； I make mistakes at times when I speak E
20、nglish. 我说英语有时会出错；. at all times.“ 随时；任何时候；总是”如：He has a cool head at all times. 他随时都有清醒的头脑；. all the time “ 始终；始终”其中 time 用单数形式；如：The baby cries all the time. 那婴儿始终哭；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料欢迎下载作定语时, 12. alive/ living/ the living/ live/ dead . alive adj“ 活着的”
21、“ 在世的” ,它既可修饰人也可修饰物；可作表语,定语；应放在被修饰的名词之后；如： They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都仍活着,并跟以前一样快乐； All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive. 所 有 的 同 志都仍活着亡了,他是唯独的幸存者；.living adj,“ 活着的”主要用着定语,常置于名词前,有时也可置于名词后；也可作表语；如：Every living person has a name. 每个活着的人都有一个名字；No ma
22、n living could do better. 当代人没有一个能做得比这更好；. the living “ 活着的人” 如：The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说活着的人比死了的人更重要；. live adj. “ 活着的”读着 laiv, 反义词为 dead, 可作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前,一般不用来修饰人；仍可以作动词,读着 liv, 意为“ 生活”、“ 生存” 如： The cat was playing with a live mouse. 这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠； Pandas usually live i
23、n the south and the southeast of China. 熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部；. lively adj. laivlilivelier, liveliest “ 生动的” ；“ 活泼的” ；“ 布满愤怒的”用作表语或定语,可用来修饰人或物；如：The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上进行着各种球类竞赛,出现出一派愤怒勃勃的景象； 13. all/ every . all 和 every 意思特别相近, 二者都可用来泛指人或物；但 all 可与算数的名词连用,而every 只能
24、与单数的名词连用；如： All Mondays are horrible. 星期一总是可怕的； Every Monday is horrible. 每个星期一都是可怕的；. all 和 every 也可用来指某一类东西中的个体；后却不能；它往往强调无一例外的意思；但 all 后跟 the 或其它“ 限定词” ,而 every-She is eaten all the biscuits biskit. What, every one. Every single one. 她把饼干都吃光了；怎么,把每一块都吃光了吗？每一块全都吃了！. all 仍可和单数名词连用,表示every past of 而
25、 every 却不能有此义；如：She was here all day. 她在这呆了一成天； 14. all/ whole . 二者意义（“ 全部、都、整个”）相同,然而词序不同；. all 用于冠词,全部格或其它“ 限定词” 之前；whole 就用于冠词之后；如： all the time. the whole time. 全部时间 all my life the whole life. 我的一生 all this confusion this whole confusion. 整个纷乱状况；. 假如没有冠词,或其它限定词,whole 不能与单数名词连用；可以说：The whole cit
26、y was burning. 但不能说：Whole 的意思为“ 全部”,而 all 的意思就近Whole London was burning. .whole 和 all 与复数名词连用时意思不同；乎“ 每一个” 如：All Indian tribestraib 部首 suffered from white settlement in America. 全部印第安人部首都因白人移民美洲而倒霉；Whole Indian tribes were killed off. 有些印第安人部落整个被杀光了；. whole 一般不用来修饰不行数名词（包括物质名词）名师归纳总结 可以说： all the mo
27、ney 或 all the wine 第 4 页,共 31 页不行以说： the whole money 或 the whole wine. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载 The whole of = whole 与单数名词连用；它用于冠词、全部格之前； 16 the whole of the time. the whole of my life the whole of this confusion almost/ nearly . almost“ 差不多、几乎”有 very, nearly 的意思；如： He has a
28、lmost finished his work. 他差不多完成了他的工作； Almost no one took any rest. 几乎没有一个人休息一下；. nearly “ 差不多、几乎、将近”指一差距一般比 almost 大；如： Its nearly five o clock. 差不多五点钟了； Nearly everyone knows it. 几乎每个人都知道这个； He s nearly ready. 他快预备好了；注 ：almost 有时可与 nearly 通用,但当其与 no, none, nothing, never 连用时,不用 nearly；如以上 almost 的例
29、可以互换,但例就不能； 17 alone/ lonely . alone adj. “ 单独的”只能作表语；如： I m alone but I don t fell lonely . 我单身一人但我从不觉得孤独； 此外 alone 仍可作副词；相当于 by oneself,“ 单独地” “ 独自” I ll go there alone.我将独自去那儿；. lonely adj. “ 孤独的” “ 孤寂的”有时仍可表示 “ 荒芜的” “ 无人烟的”意思 ,与 deserted意思相同；含有较浓的情感颜色；既可作定语也可作表语；如： We re together most of the tim
30、e, so we never feel lonely. a lonely / deserted island 18 aloud/ loud/ loudly . aloud adv. “ 出声地”有使能听得到的意味；如： Please read the story aloud. 请朗读这个故事； They were shouting aloud.他们在高声地呼喊；. loud. adv “ 高声地、大声地、洪亮地”常指在说笑等方面；如： Don t talk so loud. 不要如此高声地谈话； Speak louder. 说得大声点；. loudly adv. “ 高声地”有时与 loud
31、通用,但含有热闹的意味；如： Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人大声敲门； Don t talk so loudly（loud）. 不要如此高声地谈话； 19 already/ yet /still . already. adv. “ 已经”多用于确定句中,通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用；也可用于疑问句,但不表真心的疑问,而表“ 诧异”；它多置于句中；有时为了强调而置于句末；如： I ve seen the film already. The train has already left. 火车已经开走了； Have you already had b
32、reakfast. 莫非你已经吃过早餐了？. yet adv “ 已经、仍旧、仍”一般只用于否定句或疑问句,且常常置于句末；如： He hasn t found his bike yet 他仍没有找到他的自行车；. still adv “ 仍旧、仍”可用于各种句中,且一般只用于句中；如： Do you still teach in that school. 你仍在那所学校教书？注：still 在句中的位置不同,其意义也不同；如： He is still（仍） standing there. 名师归纳总结 He is standing there still（adj.不动的、静止的）他站在那儿一
33、动也不动；前后 均须用逗第 5 页,共 31 页 20also/ as well/ too/ either “ 也”. also较正式,位置通常靠近动词,用于句中；且用于确定句中；如：He also plays football. 他也踢足球；I was also there.我也在那儿；. too 多用于口语,通常置于句末,前边须用逗号隔开,也可用于句中,且- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 号隔开,；用于确定句中；如：优秀学习资料欢迎下载He is a worker, too. The two cows, too, are white.那两头奶牛也全
34、都是白的；. as well 是副词短语,多用于口语,只用于句末；如： She not only taught us English but taught us maths as well.她不但教过我们英语,仍教过我们数学； He is a teacher and a writer as well.他是位老师,也是一位作家；. either 用于否定句中,常置于句末；在确定句变否定句时,其中的 also, too, as well都要改为 either.Yesterday I didn t watch TV and I didn t see the film, either .昨天我没有看电
35、视,也没有看电影； 21for / from / since . 三者都能用来表示时间,但用法不同；since “ 自从” ,所表示的是一个时间点；可用作介词,也可用作连词,后接时间名词或要用短语, 或引导时间状语从句；要求前面的谓语动词或主句的谓语动词必需用完成时态,连续性动词；而since引导的从句中的谓语动词通常应是短暂性的动词；如接时间,就应为点时间；如： He has worked there since1989. She has lived here since she moved here. from “ 自从”只用作介词,表一个事情的开头点,可用于过去、现在或将来的时态；如：
36、They worked from 7:00 to 12:00 this morning. We have been good friends from childhood. . for 作为介词,后面接 段时间 ,用于完成时、现在时、过去时和将来时,句中要用连续性动词；如： We ll stay here for ten minutes.我们将在这儿呆 10 分钟； They have studied English for three yeas. 22 although/ though . although conj. “ 尽管、虽然”引导让步状语从句,相当于 though. 只是比 tho
37、ugh 略微正式些；多用于句首； though 用于非正式文体中, 较普遍,但以下几种用法, 不能用 although. 如：表强调时,要用even though,如：t Even though I didnt understand a word, I kept smiling. 尽管我一字不识,我仍是始终微笑着；. Though 可用在倒装句中,如：Young though he is, he is quite experienced. 他虽然年轻,但很有体会； though 可作副词, 表示“ 然而” 放在句末或其它位置； 如：He said he would come, he didnt
38、hough.他说他要来,结果他却没来；此外 ,although 不用着副词； 在英语中假如用了although 或 though, 就不能再有but,但可以用 yet 或 still; 反之,假如用了but , 就不能用 although 和 though. 如： Although he is in poor health, yet he works hard. = He is in poor health, but he works hard.虽然他身体不好,但他工作仍努力；Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.了；
39、虽然天气很冷,他未穿外衣就出去 He is quite strong, although very old. 他虽然很老了,但仍是特别健壮；. though 常用作连词, “ 虽然” ；在口语中仍用着副词,一般放在句末,意为“ 可是、然而” 等；如：名师归纳总结 He didn t light the fire, though it was cold. 天气虽很冷,他却仍没生火；总是第 6 页,共 31 页Though it was very late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了,他仍是连续工作；He said he would come, he didn t, th
40、ough.他说他来,可是结果他没有来；23always/ often/ often/usually/ sometimes/ never . 这几个词都是表频度的副词,从不 有时 常常 通常 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载即： never0%sometimes20% often/ 70% usually75% always100% always “ 永久、总是”；与进行时连用时,表“ 一再地、老是” 等意思；有时仍表“ 生气或不耐烦” 等盛情颜色；如： The sun always rises in the east.太阳总是从
41、东方升起； I alwaysget up at seven o clock. 我总是在七点钟起身； The boy is always asking whys.这男孩老是问这问那没个完； often “ 常常、常常”强调常常性；如： He often comes here to see me. 他常常到这儿来看我； We have often been there. usually “ 常常” 其 动作频率仅次于 always.常常与一般过时,一般现在时连用； I usually get up at six in the morning. never “ 从不”是否定副词；常常与完成时连用；
42、I have never been to the Great Wall. She said she had never gone there. 24 among/ between/ in the middle of . among “ 在 之中 /中间”指三者或三者以上；通常表某个范畴；如： Someone is wrong among us. 我们中间有人错了； There is a small village among the mountains. 大山之间有座小村庄；. between “ 在 之间”指在二者之间,有时与 and 连用；如： There is a river betwe
43、enus. 在我们两人之间有一条河； I m standing between a house and a big tree. 我站在一座房子和一棵大树中间；. in the middle of “ 在 中间”指在某事物中间,强调事物的两端的中间；如：There is a bus stop in the middle of the road. 在这条大路中间有个车站； 25 another/ the other/ other/ others/ the others . another 指不定数目中的“ 另一个、又一个”（三个以上）用来代替或修饰可数名词；如： I don t think the coat is good enough. Can you show me another. . other 泛指 “ 另外的”修饰复数名词；如：We study Chinese, maths, English and other subjects. . others 泛指 “ 另外的人或物”, 但不指其余的人或物的全部；如：Some like swimming, others like boating. . the other 指两个中的 “ 另一个”如：He