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1、【英文读物】In Bad Company and other storiesPREFACE“The Emigrant” (Emigranta), by L. F. Dostoieffskaya, a daughter of Dostoieffsky the novelist, was published in 1913, and obtained considerable success in Russia. It is a study of the life of a Russian girl (or should we say woman? for she is not young) in
2、 Italy. It is a deeply interesting study of contemporary types. In truth, only two Russians take part in the story, the hero and heroine, Prince Gzhatsky and Irene. But the long struggle which is portrayed is a Russian struggle.These Russians, however, are not the Russians of Dostoieffskys time. The
3、y are clearly of to-day.Pride in Russia, and in Russias might and wealth and brilliant future, was one of Irenes greatest joys. The Russian people seemed to her to be a race of chivalrous knights, ever ready tovi fight for truth and Christianity, and to defend the weak and the persecuted. When the J
4、apanese War broke out, she asked herself, with the sincerest astonishment, how such pitiful monkeys ever could have declared war on such indomitable knights. She even pitied the Japanese for having fallen victims to such madness! Her despair and suffering at the news of our first failures is therefo
5、re easy to imagine. None of Irenes near relations were at the war, but each of our losses, nevertheless, found its echo in her heart, like a personal misfortune. Overwhelmed with grief, she attached no importance either to the Russian revolution, or to the reforms that followed. Like all passionate
6、idealists when their ideal is shattered, Irene rushed to the other extremethat of a profound contempt for Russia.And it is in contempt of Russia that the heroine finds consolation in Italy, and is even ready to throw over the Orthodox Church to which she belongs and enter a convent of s?urs mauves.T
7、he chief interest in the book is the conflict between the influence of a certain Pre Etienne and the influence of a compatriot of handsome looks and robust mind, Prince Gzhatsky. Irene is in a pension “teeming with old maids.” She is herself forty and unmarried.vii She is apparently without near of
8、kin, and is lonely beyond words, but also selfish and extremely condemnatory in her outlook. But she is vivacious, spontaneous, engaging, and always asking pertinent questions.The high demands she made of her ideal hero, the man she might marry, give one the idea that there is a certain amount of au
9、tobiography in this volume, for no doubt ideals ranged high in the home of Dostoieffsky. It is strange, however, that the question of selfishness and unselfishness does not arise in this enthralling study of an unsatisfied soul. Dostoieffsky himself was never tired of a certain Gospel sentence, the
10、thought of which might have given calm to Irene: “Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die it abideth alone; but if it die it bringeth forth much fruit.” The whole book, however, has a haunting suggestion of Dostoieffskythe ghost of the father is somewhere about.This poor Russian woman ha
11、s, however, lost herself in going to Rome. One seesviii how much happier she would have been if she had remained at home. It is common in Russians to go into ecstasy about Italy when they see it first.“In Italy, amidst the brilliance and magnificence of Nature, in the magnificent chaos of cities buz
12、zing with automobiles, humming with factories, you feel at least that Man is not losing himself; you feel he is the master, the centre. But in Moscow ” wrote Gorky, another unhappy exile; and it is a characteristic expression. The exile admires the West, but he must return to Russia.A word should be
13、 said as to the discussion of the relative merits or demerits of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches. It is not very competently handled by the authoress, but there is at least one most effective comment on ecclesiasticism as such:“In your place I would go a little further still,” exclaimed Ire
14、nes inner soul with malicious sarcasm. “I would destroy every New Testament in the world, except oneand that one I would put in a golden, jewel-studdedix box, and would bury it deep in the earth, forbidding its disinterment on pain of death. Over it, I would build a splendid golden shrine, and in th
15、is shrine I would celebrate night and day magnificent services with gorgeous processions. That would be entirely in accordance with the spirit of your Christianity.”And she yearns for a Christianity freed from the prison walls of churches and forms.Irene, however, thinks that if the Orthodox Russian
16、 Church elected a Patriarch it might recover its ancient power, and utter a “new word.” And there once more we see vaguely the ghost of Dostoieffsky. The great Russian, however, would not have spoken so kindly of the Roman Church (which he regarded as a sort of political conspiracy against Christian
17、ity).STEPHEN GRAHAM.London,April, 1916.Chapter 1Il ny a quun hroisme au monde: cest de voir le monde tel quil estet de laimer.Romain Rolland.On the 15th of October, 19, at four oclock in the afternoon, in the garden of the Monte Pincio in Rome, sat a girl, no longer in the first flush of youth, Iren
18、e Mstinskaia. She held a book in her hand, having come to the park with the object of reading in the fresh air; but, as had always been the case since her arrival in Rome, she could not concentrate her thoughts on the English novel open before her. Her glance glided across the blue autumnal sky, lin
19、gered caressingly on the magnificent southern pines and palms, rested on the statues gleaming white among the verdure, and always returned to the2 Eternal City, as it lay spread out before her, at the feet of the Pincio.Irene had travelled much and seen much, but no town had yet produced so deep an
20、impression on her. She tried in vain to define this power that Rome wielded over her, and, finding no explanation, she invented one of her own: “Who knows,” thought Irene dreamily, “perhaps people never really quite die, but remain for ever hovering in spirit round those places where they have most
21、forcibly lived and suffered. It may be that Rome is full of the ghosts of ancient Romans, of early Christians, of Renaissance painters, of nineteenth-century Italians, who died nobly in the struggle for Italys freedom and unity. All these phantoms are unable to tear themselves away from their belove
22、d Eternal City. They are the rulers of Rome to-day, as much as in their own time, and we, foreigners, fall under their influence and cannot dissociate our thoughts from them.”On the whole, the influence of Rome was not only overwhelmingit was also soothing. Wandering in museums, among ruins, through
23、3 churches and catacombs, Irene felt, day by day, stealing into her soul a profound, indescribable sense of peace, such as that which unconsciously comes over one as one enters a convent. And it was just for this holy stillness and peace that her tired soul was thirsting.Let not the reader think, ho
24、wever, that my heroine had passed through the storm of some great misfortune, or the suffering of some severe illness. On the contrary, her life and circumstances were such, that many a short-sighted and superficial observer envied her exceedingly.At the death of her parents, Irene had remained enti
25、rely free, with plenty of money, a good name, and a good position in society. She enjoyed excellent health, in spite of the fact that she had been born and had passed all her life in Petrograd; she was clever and well educated. What more, one asks oneself, could anyone desire of the Fates?But, someh
26、ow, it is an unfortunate fact in dear Russia, that even the most precious gifts of the gods seem never to be of any4 benefit to our people. How is one to explain this curious circumstance? Does it arise from some peculiarity in the Russian temperament, or from the general disorder and purposelessnes
27、s of our way of living? The French, in the similar case of “La Belle au Bois Dormant,” have laid all the blame at the door of the wicked fairy who was offended at not being invited to the christening. I think I shall not go far wrong if I say that in Russia the part of the wicked fairy is played by
28、the parents of the infant themselves. Oh, of course not intentionally, but simply as a consequence of our Russian laziness and the absence of organized and formulated ideas in the bringing up of our children.Irene Mstinskaia lost her mother early and was brought up by her father, a scientist who spe
29、nt all his life in his laboratory, disliked society, and received nobody but an occasional friend, as jealously devoted to science as himself. He adored his little Irene, petted and spoiled her; but, like most Russian parents, took very little interest in her spiritual development. The child grew up
30、,5 lonely, silent, pensive. Books took, in her young life, the place of companions and childish games. She read a great deal without guidance or discrimination, and gained all her ideas on life, all her faith, all her ideals and aims and aspirations from books. Books stood between her and reality, a
31、nd hid from her those deep truths that can never be learnt from even the greatest literary production, but can only be understood after long years of untiring observation and experience. It was in books also that Irene found her ideal of the man she could love. Her hero was an exceedingly complicate
32、d character. He united in himself the stoicism of an ancient Roman, the romanticism of a medi?val knight, the gallantry of a powdered marquis, and the dignified chivalry of the hero of an English novel.Do not laugh, reader! Irene was not stupid; she was only young and inexperienced, knew little or n
33、othing of life, and sincerely believed in her fantastic dream hero. Most pathetic of all was the fact that she set about looking for him among the relations and6 friends of her late mother, who had belonged by birth to the higher government circlesi.e., the most unromantic circles of Russian society
34、. The proximity of the court, the glitter of wealth and social position, transforms almost every young Petrograd official into a mere hunter after honours, money, decorations, caring for nothing but his career and the chance of some brilliant appointment. The distance that separates Petrograd from t
35、he rest of Russia destroys in these young people what should be the fundamental idea at the root of all conscientious government servicethe good of the country. Their service becomes simply a ladder by which they can mount upwards towards the making of a career, and any means seems justifiable to at
36、tain this end. Already in childhood these young people are familiar with conversations about promotions and honours, and their souls early imbibe the poison that makes worldlings and cynics. Their wives also cannot influence them for good, since they, too, in the majority of cases grow up in the sam
37、e official circles, and see7 nothing blameworthy in career-hunting. On the contrary, they intrigue and help and encourage their husbands in the rush for advantageous appointments.To a fresh young soul, such as Irenes the cynicism of “officialdoms” conversations and ideals could not but stand out in
38、all its true ugliness, causing her to turn away, sick with disillusionment and disgust. She regarded this whole spirit of self-advancement-at-any-price with the profoundest contempt, and considered it low and vulgar and worthy only of menials. Her father, holding his noble birth in high honour, had
39、instilled into his daughter the assurance that her aristocratic antecedents placed her on a level with all the de Rohans and de Montmorencys in the world. She regarded decorations and titles and social honours with contempt, and could not understand how anybody could attach importance to such toys.
40、Her means were sufficient to ensure lifelong freedom from care; luxury, however, did not attract her, for Irene was an idealist, who looked upon love, pure, sanctified love, as the greatest happiness life could offer.8Had she been English or American, this lonely girl would not have been content wit
41、h her limited circle of acquaintances, and would have gone in search of her hero through the length and breadth not only of Russia, but of all Europe.Irene, however, was Russian, and therefore placid and unenterprising! So she not only did not travel, but had not the energy, even at home in Petrogra
42、d, to look round and make sure that her hero was not concealed somewhere in the social circles of the capital. She profoundly despised the pitiful types she met in society, and though sick at heart, waited patiently and untiringly for the one man before whom she was destined some day to bow her head
43、. Her own individual faith was largely responsible for this patient, confident expectation. Already in her early childhood, Irene had worked out for herself her own personal credo, in the place of which, without understanding it in the least, most people unthinkingly accept the religion officially a
44、dopted by the State. Her faith, of course, rested upon a Christian basisbut9 her Christianity was of the kind that shapes itself according to the varying idiosyncrasies of every individual believers soul and mind.Irene firmly believed that in spite of the perpetual struggle between good and evil, go
45、od is incomparably the stronger of the two, and must always triumph. Therefore, people desirous of attaining happiness, must as a first step be just and honourable, and never offend nor hurt anyone. Then, and then only, can God send them peace and success in all their undertakings, and then only can
46、 they be happy without the smallest struggle or effort to attain this natural happiness. Irene believed in this so firmly and deeply, that it always amazed her to see people winning success and worldly goods by means of intrigue and dishonesty.“The madmen!”she thought to herself“how can they not rea
47、lize that they are building up their well-being on sand, and that each dishonest action may turn out to be the one rotten beam through which the whole edifice will fall to pieces?”10Irene often endeavoured to explain her theory to other people, and was always astonished at their lack of trust in God
48、s help, and their incomparably greater faith in their own “smartness” and roguery. How did these blind mules manage not to see what was, to her, clear as day? And Irene profoundly regretted that she was not endowed with oratorical gifts, by means of which she might have helped to save these people f
49、rom needlessly wasting and misdirecting their energies.The silent, dreamy girl carefully observed the lives of her acquaintances, and every time that any of them achieved some success, or suffered some misfortune, she tried to account for this circumstance by one or other of their preceding actions. I am afraid that in her eagerness to prove, even to herself, the justice of her theory, she often deceiv