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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Unit Two Culture Shock .Fill in blanks a. In a formal western meal, you.re offered a second helping but you hav e already had enough. You should say “ _” . That was delicious but I.ve already had plenty, thanks. b. Taboos are words, expressions, etc. that are considered as b
2、eing _ _ or _. unpleasant, disgusting c. _ is a culture that scores high on individualism. Individual culture d. Social distance refers to the degree of _ or _ between two c ultures. similarity, dissimilarity e. Because of their _, individualists give little thought to the _ of others. But collectiv
3、ists care very mu ch what others in their groups think and do not like to be the targets of _ _ and _. independence, evaluations, scrutiny, criticism . Key Terms a. culture shock b. collectivist culture c. hospitality d. politeness e. privacy 在一个正式的西餐,你 .再供应一次帮忙但你已经有足够的；你应当说“ _”；那是美味的但我 .已经有许多,感谢；B.
4、禁忌词,表达,等,被视为 _ 或_ ；不开心的,令人厌恶的 C. _ 是一种文化,分数高的个人主义；个体文化名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - D.社会距离指的是 _ 或_ 程度在两种文化之间；相像性,相异性 E. 由于他们 _ ,个人主义者不在乎别人的 _ ；但集体主义者特别关怀他们小组中其他人怎么想,不喜爱被 查,批判；关键术语A.文化冲击 B.集体主义文化 C.酒店 D.礼貌 E.隐私. Short Answer _ 和_ 目标；独立性,评估,审a. What are the five basic themes
5、 in individualist culture. b. Why is there a lack of concern at public displays of physical or sexual i ntimacy. c. Whatis the difference on tendency for foreigners to treat strangers betw een Individualism and Collectivism Theories. ；简短的回答在个人主义文化的五个基本主题是什么？B 为什么在身体或性亲热公共显示缺乏关注？C.是外国人对待个人主义和集体主义倾向的不
6、同理论之间的生疏人？. Case study 1 Analyze the case and try to find the misunderstanding between the girl名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - and the westerner. A westerner invited a Chinese girl to have lunch and take a tour around th e British Parliament. In fact, the girl didnt have the
7、 lunch just because wh en the westerner asked her Are you hungry. The girl answered no. The n they didnt have lunch together . 2 Can you find some differences in hospitality between a Chinese and E nglish. What are the reasons. An English guest: Each time a new dish arrived his parents would lean ov
8、 er and load my plate with tasty morsels. As they had taken all the trouble t o cook it I just had to polish it off. As soon as my plate was empty they w ould put more on. Of course, I felt duty-bound to ear that too. A Chinese guest: Can you imagine how many dishes I had. One one - a s tew with mea
9、t and vegetables. The meat was over done and too hard to ea t; green vegetables were no longer green. They never put food on your pla te but just ask you to help yourself. If you, as a guest, are shy or modest, waiting for the food to be put on your plate, you will remain half-starved. ；案例讨论（1）的案例分析
10、,试图找到女孩与西方人之间的误会；一个西方人邀请一个中国女孩吃午餐,周游英国议会；事实上,女孩没有午餐,由于当西方人问她 “你饿了吗？ ”女孩回答,那他们不一起吃午饭；（2）你能找到一个英语和汉语之间的一些差异在酒店？的缘由是什么？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一位英国客人： 每次一道新菜到他的父母会过来载我的板的美味佳肴；他们把所有的麻烦把我刚刚擦亮它； 一旦我的盘子是空的他们会把更多的；当然,我觉得有义务的耳朵太；中国客人： 你能想象我有多少道菜？一一一个有肉和蔬菜炖； 这肉熟透, 太硬吃绿色蔬菜不再绿；他
11、们从不把盘子里的食物只是问你帮忙你自己；假如你,作为一个客人,害羞和虚心,等待食物被放在你的盘子上,你仍会饿死；Key to Unit Two .Fill in blanks a. That was delicious but I.ve already had plenty, thanks. b. unpleasant, di sgusting c. Individual culture d. similarity, dissimilarity e. independence, evaluations, scrutiny, criticism .Key Terms a. culture sho
12、ck: It is a psychological phenomenon that is experienced mo st often by those who, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, in the process of adjusting themselves to a new culture. b. collectivist culture: It is a culture that places little value on individual i dentity and great value on group identit
13、y. c. hospitality: It means cordial and generous reception of or disposition to ward guests. d. politeness: It refers to consideration for others, tact, and o bservance of accepted social usage. e. privacy: It could be understood as the right of an individual to self-dete rmination as to the degree
14、to which the individual is willing to share with 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - others information about himself that may be compromised byunauthoriz ed exchange of such information among other individuals or organization s. 关键的其次单元填空 这很好吃,但我 .已经有许多,感谢； B.不开心的,令人厌恶的 C.个体文化
15、D.相像,不同的E.独立性,评估,审查,批判 关键术语A.文化冲击：它是一种心理现象,是经受了最常常被那些,无论是自觉或不自觉 地,在适应新文化的过程；B.集体主义文化：这是一个地方的个人身份和大的群体认同的价值文化价值点；C.酒店：这意味着向客人亲切大方的接待或支配；机灵,和遵守被接受的社会规范；D.礼貌：它是指为他人考虑,E.隐私：可以懂得为一种个人自决权以何种程度的个人情愿与他人共享自己的信息,可能会受到影响byunauthorized交换这种在其他人或组织间的信息；.Short Answer a. 1 There is a tendency for foreigners to trea
16、t strangers as equals, seen in the politeness with which foreigners treat out-group members and their w illingness to follow public rules and laws that guarantee the rights of all. 2 There is a desire for independence and separateness, found in foreigners needs for their own privacy and autonomy and
17、 in the freedom they give t o children. 3 There is a lack of inhibition on the part of foreigners in ter名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - ms of expressive behaviors, seen in their lack of concern about drawing at tention to themselves and their willingness to disclose feelings
18、 and emoti ons. 4 There is a lack of understanding if the reciprocal bonds and duties that regulate in-group members, found in foreigners casual attitudes towa rds hospitality. 5 There is a lack of concern at public displays of physical or sexual intimacy. b. The reason might be that even the freedo
19、m with which foreigners expre ss love and sexual desire can be seen as a valorization of the individuals pursuit of personal pleasure and happiness. That this is offensive to attenti on from the group and focuses it on individual needs. c. Individualists tend to believe in equality; their communicat
20、ion norms st ress equal treatment of subordinate and superior, friend and stranger. In c ontrast, collectivists. communication norms often stress deference; a clea r demarcation is made between one.s treatment of those above and below one in the social hierarchy. Clearly, to a collectivist, the way
21、individualist s treat strangers will seem unusual and unnecessarily polite. 短的回答答： 1）有一个外国人对待生疏人是公平的趋势,看到在礼貌与外国人治疗组成 员,他们情愿遵守公共规章和法律,保证全部人的权益；2）有一个独立和分开 的欲望,发觉在外国人的需要为自己的隐私权和自治权,他们给孩子自由；3）有对外国人的部分表现行为缺乏抑制,在他们留意他们自己和他们的意愿披露的感受和心情的缺乏关注,见；4）有一个缺乏明白假如互惠债券和调剂组成员的职责,发觉在外国人的休闲态度招待；5）在身体或性亲热公共显示缺乏关怀；这个缘由可能是
22、, 即使与外国人自由表达爱和性的欲望可以被看作是一个稳固的 个人的追求个人的欢乐和幸福；这是攻击,团体的留意和关注个人的需要；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C.个人主义者倾向于信任公平； 他们的交际规范应力隶属和优越的待遇公平,朋 友和生疏人；相反,集体主义 .通信规范常应力差；明确划分是一 .的上述处理下 一个在社会阶层之间的； 明显,一个集体主义, 个人主义者对待生疏人会显得不 平常的和不必要的礼貌的方式；.Case study a. The mistake is that the westerner us
23、ed his question as an invitation. The girl understood it only as a question. According to the Chinese tradition, t he man should have invited her to lunch since their appointment was to h ave lunch first. b. Yes. The Chinese student felt disappointed at British hospitality becaus e she used the Chin
24、ese way of showing hospitality to judge the British on e. In the story taking place in China, the westerner couldnt imagine that t here should be sixteen dishes prepared for her. When she ate from the eig ht cold dishes, she couldnt eat anymore. It is because a Western meal nor mally severs one main
25、 course plus a starter and sweets or desserts. The fa ct is that different people in the world show their different hospitality in d ifferent ways A.错误是西方人用他的问题作为一个邀请；女孩明白这只是一个问题； 依据中国的传统,男人应当邀请她共进午餐,由于他们的任命是先吃午饭；B 是的；中国同学感到扫兴由于她用英国殷勤待客的判定,英国一个中国人的方式；在这个故事发生在中国, 西方人无法想象应当有十六道菜为她预备的；当她吃了八个凉菜, 她不能吃了；
26、这是由于西餐通常会一道主菜加起动器、糖果或甜点；事实上,在世界的不同的人以不同的方式表现出不同的酒店名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 跨文化交际期末考试复习题Define the following items: 1. culture ：what the behavior and customs mean to the people who are following the m 2. communication ：give or exchange information or ideas. 3. intercul
27、tural communication ：communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol s ystems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. ：4. high-context culture a culture in which meaning is not necessarily contained in words. Informa tion is provided through gestures, the use of spac
28、e, and even silence. 5. low-context culture ：a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code. 6. relationship between culture and language ：Culture influences language by way of symbols and rules for using those symbols, as well as our perceptions of the universe th
29、e meaning associat ed with the symbols.Language, on the other hand, would seem to have a major impact on the way an individual perceives and conceptualizes the world. 名师归纳总结 7. verbal communication ：第 8 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - communication done both orally and in written langu
30、age 8. analytical thin king patterns inductive ：analyze and dissect things into elements in order to understand them prop erly.The emphasis is upon the parts rather than the whole of things. 9. synthetic thinking patterns deductive ： synthesize elements into a un it, with the emphasis on the “ whole
31、” . ：10. nonverbal communication involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that is generate d by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has po tential message value for the source or receiver. 11. body language ：refers to all nonverbal codes which are associat
32、ed with body movements.I t includes gestures, head movements, facial expressions, eye behaviors, p ostures and other displays that can be used to communicate. 12. monochronic time M Time ：It schedules one event at a time. In these cultures time is perceived as a li near structure just like a ribbon
33、stretching from the past into the future. ：13. polychronic time P Time schedules several activities at the same time. In these culture people emph asize the involvement of people more than schedules. They do not see ap pointments as ironclad commitments and often break them. 名师归纳总结 14. ethnocentrism
34、 ：the view of things in which one第 9 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rate d with reference to it. 15. stereotypes ：a form of generalization about some group of people, or a means of organ izing images into fixed and
35、 simple categories that are used to stand for th e entire collection of people. ：16. prejudice It refers to negative attitudes towards other people that are based on faulty and inflexible stereotypes. It is an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude to wards another group of people. 17. discriminatio
36、n ：It refers to the behavioral manifestations of the prejudice, it can be though t of as prejudice “ in action” . 18. racism ：The belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others. 19. culture shock ：Troublesome feelings such as
37、depression, loneliness, confusion, inadequa cy, hostility, frustration, and tension, caused by the loss of familiar cues fr om the home culture. 20. acculturation ：It is culture change that results from continuous firsthand contact between名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - two
38、 distinct cultural groups 1；文化：什么行为和习俗意味着那些跟随他们 2；通信：赐予或交换信息或思想；3；跨文化交际： 人的文化观念和符号系统的不同足以转变交际大事之间的通信；4；高语境文化：一个文化中的意义是不肯定包含在的话；信息是通过手势,使 用空间,甚至缄默；5；低语境文化：文化中的大部分信息是归属于显式代码；6；文化与语言的关系：文化的方式使用这些符号的符号和规章对语言的影响,以及我们对宇宙的看法（与符号相关联的意思）；语言,另一方面,好像有一个 人的方式感知和概念化世界的重大影响；7；言语沟通：沟通做口头和书面语言 8；分析思维模式（感应）：分析解剖事 物的
39、元素,以明白它们；重点是在部分而不是整个事情；9；综合思维模式（演绎）：合成元素到一个单位,在“整体”的重点；10；非语言交际是交际环境中是由源和他或她的使用环境和具有的源或接收器 的潜在信息价值生成的全部非言语刺激；11；身体语言：是指全部的非语言符号,与身体的运动有关；它包括手势,头 部的动作,面部表情,眼神,姿态和其它的显示,可以用来沟通；12；单一时间（时间）：这一大事在一个时间支配；在这些文化中,时间被看 作是一个线性结构就像一个彩带从过去到将来；13；多元时间（ P 时间）：支配一些活动的同时；在这些文化强调人的参加的人 甚于时间表；他们不知道约会那样常常打破他们的承诺；14；民族
40、：东西在自己的团体是一切的中心观点,和全部其他的缩放和参考评 分；15；刻板印象：一种对某些人群推广,或组织图像转换成固定的和简洁的类,用来代表人的整个集合的一种手段；16；偏见：它指的是消极的态度对待其他人是基于错误的和不敏捷的刻板印象；这是一个不公正的,有偏见的,或对另一组人不宽容的态度；17；鄙视：它指的是鄙视的行为表现,可以认为它是“行动 ”的偏见；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 18；种族主义：信任种族占人的性格或才能,一个特定的种族优于其他种族差 异；19；文化冲击：麻烦的感情如抑郁,孤独,困惑,不
41、足,敌意,挫折,和张力,从家居文化的熟识的线索引起的缺失；20；文化适应：它是文化的转变,从两个不同的文化群体之间的直接接触,连 续结果参考答案 Part I. Multiple Choice 1-5 BBACB 6-10 BCBAA 11-15 ACCAB 16-20 ACABC 21-25 AA DAA 26-30 ABCDA Part II. True or False. 1-5：FTFTT 6-10：.FTTFF Part III. Terms 1. Intercultural communication refers to communication between people w
42、hose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alte r the communication event 2. Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, a nd norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people. 3.Communication is the perception of verbal wor
43、ded and nonverbal wit hout words behaviors and the assignment of meaning to them 4.Uncertainty avoidance measures how much ambiguity people will endu名师归纳总结 re and how much risk they like to take Or It deals with a society toleran第 12 页,共 14 页ce for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to
44、mans search for t- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - ruth 5.Cultures in which less has to be said or written because more of the meaning is in the physical environment or already shared by people are high context 6.Stereotype is more broadly used to refer to negative or positive judgments made abo
45、ut individuals based on any observable or believed group membership 7.Taboo refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons 8.Nonverbal communication refers to intentional use of nonspoken symbol to communicate a
46、 specific message 第三部分的条款1 跨文化交际 refers to 沟通的文化认知和符号系统的人们是单独 enough to the通信大事的转变2 文化是 learned set of shared 说明关于信念,价值,和规范,它影响行为 of相对宽 Group of people 3；通信 is the 感知 of 记录（ worded ）和 nonverbal （没有的话）行为 and the assignment of meaning to them 4；不确定性回避措施的人会经受多么模棱两可 and How much like to take risk他们它 deals with a 捉住这个金色的不确定性与模糊性为；它最终 refers to search for Truth 5 人；文化 in which less has to be said 或书面由于 more of the meaning is in the physical environment 金 already shared by people are High Context 6