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1、课时分层作业（十三）I.阅读理解A（2021济南市模拟）Who says inventions are only made by grown-ups and professionals? Over the years, children have also succeeded in making their useful contributions to the world. Here are a few inventions that came to life from the minds of young children.Hero HelmetSeven - year- old Samu
2、el Meyers invention is aimed at stopping people from riding their bikes or skateboards without using a helmet. The Hero Helmet features an inbuilt remote that controls a lock on the wheels which is unlocked when the helmet is being worn by the rider. Samuel says: no helmet, no bike.Robotic Earthworm
3、The first thought that comes to mind is, why a robotic earthworm? Well, ten- year -old David Cohen had some useful applications in mind. He believed it could be used to find victims after a flood, earthquake or fire. The robot could get into small and dangerous places where search dogs and humans co
4、uld not go.B. E. A. C. O. N.Fifteen - year - old Hannah Herbst，s invention, which stands for Bringing Electricity Access to Countries through Ocean Energy, was inspired by her pen pal who lives in Ethiopia and did not have access to lights. So she came up with BEACON, which absorbs energy directly f
5、rom ocean waves. Her invention won the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge” in 2015 and other numerous awards.Portable Wheelchair ControllerAt only eight years old, Amelia Fox created the invention to help lift people in and out of their wheelchair. This invention was not just born out
6、of the desire to create something. Amelia developed this controller for her brother, who had just got hip surgery and needed the wheelchair to move around.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个由孩子研究出来的n .阅读七选五（2021河北省九校联考）Weve long been taught that helping others helps ourselves. As Charles Dickens wrote, “No on
7、e is useless in this world who lightens the burdens of another.”Science has shown that unselfish behaviors actually do improve our health. 1 It can reduce the risk of cognitive impairment （认矢口障碍）.It can even help us live longer.2 A 2017 study found pain sufferers who volunteered reported decreased p
8、ain along with an improved sense of purpose. A new series of studies may have found one reason. Regions of the brain that react to painful stimulation seem to instantly disappear by the experience of giving.In another study, the researchers employed cancer patients living with pain and asked them to
9、 cook and clean for themselves or for the benefit of others at their treatment center. 3 When they did the work for their own personal benefit, the pain- relieving effect was reduced by over 62%.In addition, the study found it was the meaning people gave to their good deeds that predicted how much p
10、ain the brain would perceive. Researchers believe medicine should consider using unselfish behavior to supplement current therapies to treat pain”. 4 A reduced sense of pain combined with feel-good chemicalsit seems our brains reward us for helping others even when we re not expecting anything in re
11、turn.5 It is a good way to improve your health and others.A. It is true for volunteers.B. Helping others helps ourselves.C. However, more research is needed about the idea.D. It also appears that giving can help us cope with pain.E. When they were helping others, their pain levels dropped.F. Volunte
12、ering, for example, has been shown to reduce stress and improve depression.G. Sounds like a great reason to put volunteering and other giving behaviors on your to- do list.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过列举科研发现，说明帮助别人 也会给自己带来很多好处，诸如可以改善健康、减少压力、改善抑郁、减轻疼痛 等。1. F 考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句“科学说明无私的行为确实能改善 我们的健康”和空后一句“它可以减少认知障碍
13、的风险”可知，空处应该会讲到 某一种具体的无私行为及它带来的好处，故F项符合语境。2. D 考查段落主旨句。本段主要讲了 2017年的一项研究发现做志愿活动 的疼痛患者报告说疼痛减轻了，目标感也提高了，并介绍了这种现象背后的一种 原因，即“by the experience of giving”,所以D项适合作本段的主旨句。3. E 考查上下文衔接。空前一句提到研究者让遭受疼痛的癌症患者为自 己或为治疗中心的其他人做饭和清扫卫生，而空后一句讲了 “当他们为了个人利 益做这项工作时，其止痛效果降低了 62%以上，因此空处讲的应该是他们帮助 别人时的情况，所以E项符合语境。4. C 考查上下文衔接
14、。空前一句讲“研究者认为医学应该考虑使用无私 行为来补充现有的疗法以治疗疼痛”，再结合选项可知，C项中的“the idea”指代 的就是这一看法，故C项符合语境。5. G 考查上下文衔接。根据空后一句“它是改善你和其他人的健康的一 个好途径”，并结合文章主旨“帮助别人就是帮助自己”可知，G项符合语境有用创造。1. Who is the youngest inventor?A. Samuel Meyer.B. David Cohen.C. Amelia Fox.D. Hannah Herbst.A 细节理解题。根据Hero Helmet局部的内容可知，7岁的Samuel Meyer 创造了英雄头
15、盔；根据Robotic Earthworm局部的内容可知，10岁的David Cohen 创造了蚯蚓机器人；根据B. E. A. C. O, N.局部的内容可知，Hannah Herbst 创造创造时15岁；根据Portable Wheelchair Controller局部的内容可知,8岁 的Amelia Fox创造了便携式轮椅控制器。故Samuel Meyer是他们四个中年龄最 小的创造者，故A项正确。2. Which of the following can be used as a rescue tool?A. Hero Helmet.B. B. E. A. C. O. N.C Rob
16、otic Earthworm .D. Portable Wheelchair Controller.C 细节理解题。根据题干关键词a rescue tool定位至Robotic Earthworm 音分第三句 He believed it could be used to find victims after a flood，earthquake or fire”可知，蚯蚓机器人可以被用来在洪水、地震或火灾后寻找受害者，故C项 正确。3. Why did Amelia Fox create the invention?A. To give her brother assistance.B To
17、 benefit the earthquake victims .C. To generate electricity effectively.D. To protect bike riders from injuries.A 细节理解题。根据题干关键词Amelia Fox定位至Portable Wheelchair Controller 局部尾句 “ Amelia developed this controller for her brother, who had just got hip surgery and needed the wheelchair to move around.“
18、可次口， Amelia 为她的 弟弟创造了这个控制器，她的弟弟刚刚做了碗关节手术，需要轮椅来移动。故A项正确。I（2021沈阳市质量监以！J）Fauja Singh, 110, who broke marathon records and was called the “Superman“ before hanging up his running shoes seven years ago, will be the subject of a Bollywood film, Fauja, tracing his remarkable career.Mr. Singh, born in Indi
19、a in 1911, was a keen amateur runner in his youth, but gave it up halfway. Getting over a series of personal tragedies including the deaths of his wife and two of his children, he returned to his former passion in his eighties.He moved to the UK soon after and now lives in Ilford, east London. He ar
20、rived for his first training session in Redbridge in a three- piece suit, and his first race was the London marathon in 2000. Three years later in Toronto, he broke the world record for the 90-plus. In the early 2011, when he turned 100, Mr. Singh set eight world records in a day. He ran the 100m in
21、 23.14s, then added the 200m, 400m, 800m, 1, 500m, the mile, the 3, 000m and 5, 000m world records. Three of the events had never been attempted by anyone over the age of 100 before. Days later, he became the first centenarian（百岁老人）to complete a marathon, again in Toronto, with a time of 8： 11： 06.M
22、r. Singh retired from competitive running in 2013 but continued jogging for pleasure. He owed his extraordinary longevity to a vegetarian diet and avoiding smoking, alcohol and fried food.Of marathon running he has said, “The first 20 miles are not difficult. As for the last six miles, I keep talkin
23、g to myself, Keep it up, old boy! 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 一位110岁老人Fauja Singh 非凡的经历。他100岁时曾在一天之内创下8项世界纪录，被称为“超人”；宝 莱坞将以他为主题拍摄电影Fauja,记述他不同寻常的生涯。4. Which title is suitable for the text?A. Fauja Singh turns 110 this yearB A professional runnerC. Fauja Singh hangs up his shoesD A centenarian runnerD 标题归纳
24、题。本文主要讲了 110岁的Fauja Singh的非凡经历，应选项 D适合作本文标题。5. What do you know about Fauja Singh?A. He lost his running shoes in 2013.B. He starred in the Indian film, Fauja.C. He set nine world records in 2011.D He got stuck in the personal tragedies.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的In the early 2011, when he turned 100, Mr. Singh
25、 set eight world records in a day”以及Days later, he became the first centenarian to complete a marathon可知，他在2011年共打破九项世界纪录。故 选C项。6. Whats the third paragraph mainly about?A. Mr. Singhs race achievements.B. Mr. Singhs practice in the UK.C. Mr. Singh，s training experience.D. Mr. Singhs attempts at spor
26、ts.A 段落大意题。根据第三段的内容可知，Mr. Singh在2000年参加伦敦 马拉松。三年后他在多伦多打破了 9（）岁以上（跑马拉松的）世界纪录，又在2011 年打破九项世界纪录。故本段主要是讲述了 MrSingh取得的比赛成就。7. What contributes to Mr. Singhs long life?A. His healthy lifestyle.B - Smoking and drinking.C Competitive running.D. His passion for marathon.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的He owed his extraordina
27、ry longevity to a vegetarian diet and avoiding smoking, alcohol and fried food. ” 可佚口, Mr. Singh 认为他的健康生活方式是他长寿的原因。C（2021福少N 市质量检泱J）The Maya city of Tikal is famous for its amazing palaces and temples. But something far more ordinary kept Tikal functioning： its water-purifying system, the earliest k
28、nown of its kind.Researchers recently discovered a volcanic mineral that traps microbes （微生 物）and heavy metals in Tikaf s largest reservoir （水库）. Because the material is not found nearby, the findings suggest the presence of a man- made water- purifying device.The findings deny the long- standing id
29、ea that technological achievements of the ancient worlds belonged to the Eastern world, like Egypt, and China. The leading scientist of this research, Kenneth Tankersley says, “When talking about purifying water, the Maya were thousands of years ahead. ”Located in the forests of Central America, Tik
30、al, is thought to have been home to more than 45, 000 people. They had to struggle against a dry season lasting from November to April. Storing water in reservoirs was a solution, but that water had to be fit to drink, said Kenneth. u Keeping water clean was of great importance.”A few years ago, the
31、 researchers were surprised to find that the largest reservoir, Corriental, had significantly fewer harmful chemicals than the others. The water quality at Corriental was much higher. vSomehow the Maya must have been purifying Corrientals water, the team assumed. The Maya used gardens as their bathr
32、ooms, v Kenneth said. The water coming into the reservoir would not have been very clean .“At the bottom of Corriental, scientists found four separate layers, each a few centimeters thick, of millimeter- scale zeolites （沸石）. This type of volcanic mineral can purify water and is still in widespread u
33、se today, Kenneth says. Just about everything we drink, from bottled water to wine, runs through a zeolite purifying device. vThe Maya wouldn，t have known about the zeolite in rock, but they would have recognized the purifying effects, the researchers suggested. A zeolite- rich rock formation about
34、30 kilometers northeast of Tikal is the likely source of the material in Corriental, the team said last month in Scientific Reports. Water at this site “was clear and tasted good”.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了玛雅的蒂卡尔市的人工净水系统。8. What did the researchers find?A. A new material called zeolites.B The purifying ef
35、fects of zeolites.C An old water- purifying system.D High- quality water in Corriental.C 细节理解题。根据题干中的researchers定位至文章第二段中的“the findings suggest the presence of a man-made water-purifying device ， 由“匕可次口， 研究人员发现了古老的人工净水设备，应选C。9. How did the Maya purify water?A. By building the largest reservoir.B. By
36、 using gardens as their bathrooms.C By getting rid of heavy metals .D. By spreading four layers of zeolites.D 细节理解题。根据题干中的the Maya purify water定位至文章第七段中 的 “four separate layers, each a few centimeters thick, of millimeter- scale zeolites. This type of volcanic mineral can purify water”，由此可知，玛雅人净化 水的
37、方法是分布四层沸石，应选D。10. What can we learn from the research?A. The Maya drank bottled water.B. The ancient Maya were very bright.C. The system was created by accident.D. The zeolites were found in Corriental.B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“ When talking about purifying water, the Maya were thousands of years ahead. ”可知
38、，数千年前玛雅人就开始净化水了， 由此可推知玛雅人非常聪明，应选B。11. According to Kenneth, .A. the original water in Corriental was not clean enoughB. water supply in Tikal lasted from November to AprilC. all ancient technological achievements belonged to the EastD. the Maya had a good understanding of the zeolite in rocksA 细节理解题
39、。根据文章第六段中的The Maya used gardens as their bathrooms”以及The water coming into the reservoir would not have been very clean. ”可知，Corriental原来的水并不是很干净。D（2021”、省联考）Put five, eight, twelve or more people together in a room, and its a game of luck as to how well they 11 function as a team. The larger the gr
40、oup is, the more difficult it becomes . Its a lot like dining out with a bunch of friends. Where to go? Italian? Vegetarian? Steakhouse? Each person has their own appetite, which can make creating a “shared interest“ extremely challenging.A shared interest is the lifeblood of teams, and only the mos
41、t successful companies know how to foster it. But how?Project Aristotle，an experiment led by Abeer Dubey, a manager in a famous companys People Analytics division, was conducted in 2012 to discover how to build the uperfect team”. After years of analyzing data and interviews from more than 180 teams
42、 across the company, the company found that the individual personalities in a team are not so relevant.“We had lots of data, but there was nothing showing that a mix of specific personality types or skills or backgrounds made any difference. The who part of the equation didnt seem to matter, v Dubey
43、 said in an interview with The New York Times Instead, the researchers found that there were five key characteristics of enhanced teams：Psychological safety： Everyone feels safe in taking risks, and they won t be embarrassed or punished for doing so.Dependability： Everyone completes quality work on
44、time.Structure and clarity: Everyone knows what their specific expectations are. These expectations must be challenging yet attainable.Meaning： Everyone has a sense of purpose in their work, for example, supporting family.Impact： Everyone sees that the result of their work actually contributes to th
45、e organization，s overall goals.While the companys findings may be true to some extent, a large number of scientific studies have caused researchers outside of the company，s lab to shockingly disagree. Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, a professor of business psychology at Columbia University and author of th
46、e book Why Do So Many Incompetent Men Become Leaders ? ： And How to Fix It） and psychologist Dave Winsborough are among them. They both claim that personality, in particular, heavily affects the role of an individual within a team and is indeed a significant factor in what makes a team successful.Re
47、searchers found that the poorest - performing teams were 100 percent “ pragmatic ” （讲求实效的）and had 0 percent urelationship-building traits.Too often, organizations focus merely on the functional role and hope thatgood team performance somehow follows, “ Chamorro-Premuzic and Winsborough co-wrote in a
48、 Harvard Business Review article. This is why even the most expensive professional sports teams often fail to perform well according to the individual talents of each player: There is no psychological synergy （协同作用）. A more effective approach focuses as much on people，s personalities as on their skills.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了 “亚里士多德”工程的研究 人员与其他研究人员在如何建立“完美团队”方面所持的两种观点：成员的个性 与“完美团队”关系不大；成员的个性是团队成功的一个重要因素。12. Why does the author mention the example of dining out”?A. To emphasize the challenges of creating a common interest.B. To ca