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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood） 英语中的语气（the mood）：1. _（the indicative mood） 表示说话人认为他所说的是事实。 e.g. Lucy prefers coffe to tea. Did you go to the movie yesterday morning? What a cold day it is today!2. _(the imperative mood) 表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。主语一般是_ 人称，常省略。动词用_,其否定式一律用“_”. e.g. Pass me the tea, please.
2、Be careful. = Dont be so careless. Dont switch off the light.特殊情况： 1）Lets 和Let us常用语引导祈使句。_表示提出建议，讲话对象包括听话人和讲话人双方，常译成_. _的讲话对象只是听话人，常译成_. e.g. Lets discuss this question, _ ? Let us have a try, _?2）祈使句可用_强调，加强语气。 e.g. Do tell me why you were angry.3）祈使句后面可接附件问句，通常是“_”或“_”. e.g. Be quiet, wont you?4）
3、祈使句也可用在“_”中表示条件。 e.g. Do that again, and Ill call the police. Be quiet this time, or you will miss the chance.3. _(the subjunctive mood)表示说话人所说的话与事实相反或者实现的可能性极小或表示愿望，请求，建议等。一 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 英语中有两种从句，真实条件句和非真实条件句。 _表示提出的假设完全可以成为现实，因此谓语动词用_语气。_表示所提出的的假设实现的可能性极小或与事实相反，所以谓语动词用_. 形式和用法： 条件状语从句（if）的谓语形式主
4、句的谓语形式与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反 e.g. The platform would collapse if all of you stood on it. If Lu Xun were alive, how happy he would be to see the great achievements of New China. If the doctor had been available, the child would have been saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exa
5、m. If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day. If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry for it.考题点击：1.I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. am will go
6、 B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? A. are ,going to ask B. do
7、, ask C. would , ask D. did, ask特殊情况： 1) 虚拟条件句中的倒装：当虚拟条件句中含有_, _, _时，可以把if去掉，同时把were, should, had放在句子的开头。 请把下列句子变成倒装形式： 1.If it were not for their help,we couldnt have got over the difficulties. 2.If I had known about it,I would have told you. 3.If anyone should call,please take a message.考题点击：What
8、would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? (01 上海) A.Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 2) 错综条件句，又称_,指主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，这时，需要根据意思采用不同时间的动词形式。翻译下列句子，体会用法： If I were you, I would have taken his advice. If he had listened to me,
9、 he would not be in such trouble now. If you hadnt bought the ticket last week,how would you go now? 考题点击：If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. A.asked would know B. had asked would have known C. asked him know D. had asked would know 3) 介词短语表条件,又称_.假设的情况有时不是用虚拟条件句来表示，而是用介词短语（如without, but f
10、or, but that等）或由连词_, 副词_或比较级等表示的上下文中。 But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded.Nothing could live without the sun.But that she was afraid, she would have said no.A more careful person wouldnt have made so many mistakes.考题点击：Without your help, we _ such rapid progress. A. couldnt make B. wouldnt
11、make C. will not have made D. wouldnt have made 4) 情境中提供虚拟语气，意思是根据_来判断使用虚拟语气。 Suppose there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.考题点击：I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.co
12、uld take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用_的虚拟语气形式。“_”可以省略。 常见的动词有:一个坚持_; 两个命令_, _ ; 三条建议_ , _, _; 四项要求_, _, _, _; 另外有:_. 注意: suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气 He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. The doctor
13、 suggested that she (should) have an operation at once. 2. wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与_的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you. I wish that I had a plane. 2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish you ha
14、d written to him. 3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+do I wish he would forgive me. 3. would rather 后的从句也使用虚拟语气，谓语一般用_来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿,还是 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。表示与过去事实相反时，谓语则用_时。 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. I would rather you attended the meet
15、ing this afternoon.想一想：下面的would rather的用法和上面的有什么不同？I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. The children would walk there rather than take a bus.考题点击：1.I went to bed early last night,but I wish I so. A. didnt do B. hadnt done C.havent done D. couldnt do 2.How I wish every family _a lar
16、ge house with a beautiful garden. A.has B.had C.will had D.had had 3. The teacher ordered that students_. A. mustnt smoke B. not smoke C. smoked D. had smoked4.The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. finish C. should finish D. be finished 三、主语从句中的虚拟语气 基本句型： 1. 句型：_ 过去分词：
17、suggested, requested, ordered, proposed It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.2. 句型：_ 形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better,proper, funny, strange, surprising,essential, imperative, preferable, urgent, desired, 表示_. I
18、t is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now. Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient.3. 句型：_ e.g. 考题点击：1.Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. ha
19、s told3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed4、 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在_等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句 中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 1)表语从句:My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once. 2)同位语从句:I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next
20、 week.考题点击：1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me. A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent
21、5、 状语从句中的虚拟语气 1、用在由_,_引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用_时态； 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用_时态;表示将来用_。 It seems as if the man were his brother. This device operated as though it had been repaired. 2. 用在_, _和_引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词原形,表示“_”的意思。 She closed the windows lest she catch cold.考题点击：1. We felt as if we _ e
22、ach other for years. A.knew B.were knowing C.had known D.have knowing2. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _. A. may explore B.exploded C. explode D.had explode六、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法 It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用_或用_，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time tha
23、t the children should go to bed. 类似的结构为 would rather 从句： I would rather you attended the meeting this afternoon.考题点击：It is time that you _ the whole book.A. must go over B.can go overC.went over D.have gone over6、 几种特殊的虚拟语气 1) 比较if only与only if only if 表示“_”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.
24、 if only 则表示“_”。其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时。 If only I knew more. If only the alarm clock had rung. if only 也可用于陈述语气。 If only he comes early.考题点击： If only grandmother _ this together with us now. A.will see B.could see C.must see D.should see2) 其它手段 1He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would h
25、ave known nothing about it .（连词） 2I might have given you more help , but I was too busy .（连词） 3Given more time, we could have done it better .（分词短语） 4 Such mistakes could have been avoided .（通过上下文）巩固练习：1. If he _ tomorrow, he would find Mr. Wang in the office. A. comeB. will come C. would come D. ca
26、me2. We _ very delighted if each middle school _ an English Corner once a week. A. will be, has had B. were, had C. are , has D. would be, had3. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent D. were, would h
27、ave prevented4. Supposing the weather _ bad, where would they go? A. will be B. is C. were D. be 5. My uncle _ very rich but he _ little for money in his whole life. A. would be, had cared B. would have been, had caredC. had been, would cared D. could have been, cared6. -The taxi took me an hour to
28、get to the hotel. -I _ you at the airport, but I _ you were coming today. A. should have met, hadnt known B. would have met, didnt know C. would meet, didnt know D. would have met, hadnt known 7. - Why didnt you go to the park with us? - If I _ so busy, I _. A. hadnt been, would have B. wouldnt have
29、 been, hadC. hadnt been, had had D. shouldnt be, have had8. - If he _, he _ that food. - Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have takenB.would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken9. You didnt let me
30、 drive, if we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove, didnt get B. drove, wouldnt getC. were driving, wouldnt get D. had driven, wouldnt have got10. I wouldnt have been so rude about his new book_ that he was the author. A. did I know B. if I knew C. had I known D. having been known11. We _ the manager
31、, but no one _ his telephone number. A. could have called, knew B. could have called, had knownC. could call, had known D. could call, knew12. -You should have finished your homework earlier-I know but I _the timeA. dont have B. didnt have C. wont have D. had not13. I would buy that car but I _enoug
32、h moneyA. do not have B. did not have C. will not have D. had not had14. - Would you have called her up had it been possible-Yes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be15._hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were
33、 he to work16. _today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left17. If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told18. If you had gone to a doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. w
34、ere C. would have been D. would be19. You didnt take my advice. _ you_ me, you _in such trouble now.A. Had, listened to, wouldnt be B. Should , follow, wouldnt have beenC. Hadnt, listened to, would have been D. Were, following, wouldnt be20. -Where have you been? -I got caught in traffic; otherwise_
35、 sooner. A. I would be here B. I have been here C. I had been here D. I would have been here21. But for the rain, we _ earlier. A. arrived B. had arrived C. have arrived D. would have arrived22. He didnt come yesterday or you _ him.A. had seen B. might have seen C. were to see D. would see23. I was
36、ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meet. A. would have taken part inB. took part in C. had taken part inD. would take part in24. _your help, I _the examA. Without, will fail B. If not, will failC. But for, would have failed D. If it is not for, would have failed25. _ the clouds, you would find t
37、he airplane in the sky easily. A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for26. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be27. But for water, it _impossible to live in the earthA. is B. would be C. we
38、re D. wouldnt be28. -I feel I am so tired tonight.- Well, it is time that you _.A. go to bed B. would go to bed C. went to bed D. going to bed29. Id rather you _ their invitation yesterday.A. not accept B. wouldnt accept C. didnt accept D. hadnt accepted30. I would rather Mary _ next Sunday.A. goes
39、B. went C. will go D. go 31. Its time that you_ home and Id rather you _ again tomorrow.A.would go, would come B. went, came C. go, are coming D. are going , will come32. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had33. Look at the trouble I am in ! If on