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1、Unit 1Life is a learning curveListening to the worldSharingScriptsH = Hina; W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc.Part 1H: I have a full-time job but I like learning new things in my spare time. At the moment, Im studying Spanish. Im enjoying it but Im finding it quite difficult. Today were asking peo
2、ple about learning new things.Part 2W1: Im learning to speak another language, actually. Im learning French. Im also learning, er, to drive.W2: Im learning to play golf at the moment. Um, my husband and my son play golf, and when we go on holiday, I feel that I want to be able to play with them.W3:
3、Im learning to speak Spanish. W4: I am learning Arabic.M1: Well, Ive been learning to play the guitar for about 50 years now. And its a constant process, so still learning bits, yes.W5: Im learning yoga at the moment, and Im finding it quite hard.M2: The courses Im taking are, are training courses f
4、or leadership, er, negotiation, (and) evaluation.M3: Im learning Swahili.W6: At the moment, Im learning to paint and draw in evening classes for adults. W7: Im studying part-time after work.M4: Ive er, just learned how to er, do a lot of kayaking. W8: I am learning how to design a website at the mom
5、ent.W9: Im in a choir so singing, I guess, is pretty much the only thing Im doing at the moment.M5: At the moment, Im taking up a new instrument. Its a traditional instrument from Zimbabwe, and its called the mbira. Er, let me show you.Part 3H: Whats the most difficult thing youve ever learned? M5:
6、Patience, I think.W4: Arabic.M2: Courage.W3: Learning a language is particularly difficult for myself (me), so probably learning the Spanish.W6: The most difficult thing I have ever learned is Mandarin Chinese. I did it in evening classes a few years ago and I found it really, really difficult.W5: P
7、robably capoeira, which is a Brazilian dance, martial art, fight thing. Its a bination of all of these things. And yes, that was very difficult because there were lots of unusual body movements to learn.W1: Learning to drive was the most difficult thing.M3: Well, I learned some Sanskrit, and thats g
8、ot um, nine cases, two more than Latin. Its quite difficult by most standards.M4: I think I found French very hard at school.W2: Um, I learned to play the trumpet at school. That was pretty difficult. Er . and maybe learning to drive. I hated learning to drive.ListeningScriptsP = presenter; S = Sall
9、yP: Hi. Youre listening to Ask the Expertand in todays program were talking about languages and how to learn a language. Our expert today is Sally Parker, who is a teacher. Hi Sally.S: Hello.P: Sally, our first question today is from Andy. He says, “Ive just started learning English. Myproblem is th
10、at Im too frightened to speak. My grammar is not very good, so Im worried about saying the wrong thing.” Have you got any advice for Andy?S: OK. Well, the first thing is I think Andy should practice speaking to himself. P: Speaking to himself? Im not sure thats a good idea.S: I know it sounds silly,
11、 but talking to yourself in a foreign language is a really good way to practice. You dont have to feel embarrassed, because nobody can hear you. You can talk to yourself about anything you like what you had for breakfast, where youre going for the weekend anything. And the more you do it, the more y
12、ou will get used to hearing your own voice and your pronunciation, so you wont feel so frightened in the classroom. Andy should try it.P: Hm, I suppose so. Anything else? What about his grammar?S:He has only just started learning English, so he is going to make lots of mistakes, but thats not a prob
13、lem. Thats how hell learn. Andy shouldnt worry about making mistakes.P: Youre right. So Andy, try talking to yourself, and dont worry about making mistakes. Our next problem es from Olivia in Brazil. She is worried about pronunciation. She says, “The problem is I cant understand native speakers. The
14、y speak so fast and I cant understand their pronunciation.” So Sally, any ideas for Olivia?S: Well, first of all its a good idea for her to practice her listening skills. She should listen toEnglish as much as possible to get used to how it sounds. Listen to the news, listen to podcasts, (and) watch
15、 English television.P: OK thats a good idea.S: And another thing she should do is to focus on listening and reading at the same time. If you listen to something on the Internet, you can often read the transcript. If you listen and read at the same time, itll help you see what the words sound like an
16、d how the words sound when a native speaker is talking.P: Great. Thank you, Sally. Well, huh, Im afraid thats all we have time for today, but next week well be ViewingScriptsN = Narrator; I = Ian Deary; W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc.N: Recent research into the history of IQ tests in Scotland s
17、uggests your IQ score might predict, to an extent at least, your health and even your life expectancy.W1: You have 45 minutes to do the test, OK? M1: OK.N: Bill and Davina are 79 years old. This is the second time theyve done this test. The first time was in 1932, when every 11-year-old in Scotland
18、was put through an intelligence test. Its the only time this kind of mass testing has ever been done in the UK. The results were rediscovered recently in an Edinburgh basement. If you want to know how our intelligence changes as we get older, these results are a potential goldmine.I: We brought hund
19、reds of people back and we got them to sit the exact same test that they had sat when they were aged 11. Now, these people are now 79 or 80 years old. We gave the same instructions. We gave the same test. And we gave the same time limit.M2: It was a little stickier than I thought it would be.M3: I w
20、alked through it quite happily, quite honestly.W2: I felt I must have been very bright at 11 if I sat that exam and passed.N: There were some intriguing results. Almost everyone had a better score at 80 than they did at 11. But some had gone from being just averagely intelligent to a much higher lev
21、el.I: Now, thats what really drives our research. Were interested in: Why have those people whove gone (people gone) from IQ 100, at age 11, up to 110 or 120? What have they done right? What can be the recipe for successful aging? Were finding that the person with more education, even though they ha
22、d the same IQ in childhood, is doing slightly better in old age, on average. The person who had a more professional job, in old age, is doing slightly better on average than the person who had a manual job, despite the fact that they started at the same level. The people who smoked have got slightly
23、 less good mental ability than you would expect.N: Whats even more remarkable is that the kids who had higher IQ scores at 11 are the very ones still alive today. So it seems high IQ in childhood is good for survival.Speaking for municationRole-playScriptsA: Ah, OK, so we need to think of the best i
24、deas for taking tests. B: Yep.A: Er, well, how about this one? Its a good idea to study with friends at the same time each day.B: Mm, in my opinion, this is a really good idea. You can make it a regular part of your daily life.A: You mean like having breakfast at the same time, lunch at the same tim
25、e, studying at the same time.B: Yes. And also I think it helps when you study with friends. A: Yeah, I, I think its more motivating.B: And you can actually talk to someone, not just look at books. I find that if Im only reading my notes its easy to lose concentration. I start thinking about other th
26、ings. But when you are talking to someone, it really helps you concentrate. So, yes, I agree with this one.A: OK. Another idea is not to eat too much before the exam. B: Oh, really?A: Mm, when I eat a lot, I get sleepy.B: Oh, I see. I think it depends. Because if you dont eat enough, you start to fe
27、el hungry in the middle of the exam.A: Mm, thats true.B: And then you cant concentrate. A: Yeah, thats true.B: So, Im not sure about this advice, for me. As I said, I think it depends. I always try to eat a good meal before an exam. Im so nervous that I never get sleepy.A: Hm. OK. What other ideas d
28、o you have?B: Well, theres one thing I always do before an exam. A: Whats that?B: I go to bed early the night before. A: Right.B: I always try to sleep for eight hours the night before the exam.Further practice in listeningShort conversationsScriptsConversation 1W: It is the third time my paper has
29、been rejected by journals because of language problems.M: You know, there is a writing center on campus. I had never got a grade better than C for any of my term papers before they helped me out.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?Conversation 2M: You said you would choose Spanish as your sec
30、ond foreign language. Why did you finally choose French instead?W: My grandfather speaks fluent French and he says that French is a language that any truly cultured person must know.Q: Why does the woman choose to learn French?Conversation 3W: You seem to have no problem understanding native speaker
31、s now. How about Dr. Browns speech last night?M: Excellent. But it was still too fast for me to follow, especially when Dr. Brown talked about those abstract theories.Q: What did the man do last night?Conversation 4M: It seems to me that Melissa is in a bad mood today. Whats wrong with her? W: Melis
32、sa forgot to bring her identification card yesterday and she was not allowed to enter the contest. You know she had prepared for the contest formonths.Q: What made Melissa unhappy?Conversation 5W: I think my time at school is wasted because it is just studying books and doing tests.M: But you also l
33、earn new ideas and new ways of thinking. And more importantly you meet people and develop your understanding of people at school.Q: What does the man think of the womans opinion?Long conversationScriptsM: Miranda, lets speak about your performance in class. Youre not participating; youre careless wi
34、th your assignments and often hand them in late. You dont want to be here, do you?W: Im sorry Dr. Smith. Its just Ive got lots of things to do. Im studying Web design and Im a first-class player on our golf team. Its hard to see why I need to take a Spanish language class!M: Well, Im sorry you feel
35、that way, but learning another language can improve your performance in all of your efforts. And it can be very useful sometimes, for instance, when you visit your father in Mexico.W: Gosh! What do you mean, professor? Just because my father does business in Mexico Im supposed to lea rn Spanish on t
36、op of everything else I have to learn? Its just too much! And if I dont spend enough time on the golf course, I wont remain a first-class player on the golf team. I still dont see why I should learn a language thats so hard for me. There are no verb tenses on the golf course or in Web design!M: List
37、en Miranda, Ive known your father since we were students at university 20 yearsago and have known you since you were a little girl. Of course, thereare no verb tenses in golf or Web design. But I am giving you good advice. Please listen.W: Yes, of course, youre like my favorite uncle.M: Your brain i
38、snt like a cup that has water flowing over its edge when it is full. Instead, its like a muscle. Learning Spanish exercises your rbain in new ways, making it stronger. It will strengthen your critical thinking skills and creativity.W: Really?! Then I guess I can give it a try.Passage 1ScriptsI began
39、 learning Spanish when I was in high school, using a traditional academic method of studying verbs, sentence structures, and grammar by using textbooks and not much else. I found it very easy to learn, but was frustrated with the slow pace and repetitive nature of all my Spanish classes. So I worked
40、 extra hard inmy spare time and asked my teacher if I could skip a level by the end of the semester.This was unsuccessful, however, because the school was not willing to test me or otherwise prove that I could be successful in the top level after skipping a level. This made things even more frustrat
41、ing, as then I was stuck in a class where I already knew the material!Then I went on to college where I then used the language extensively both in and out of the classroom. I studied Spanish literature, culture, and linguistics and very much enjoyed the cultural and linguistic elements, but found th
42、e in- depth study of literature a very unbalanced way to study Spanish.I got a lot out of using my Spanish outside of the classroom, including a trip to Mexico with a church group, where I found myself acting as an interpreter. It was certainly challenging, but it was also a lot of fun.I then also v
43、olunteered to be an interpreter in the munity schools and also used my Spanish to teach English to some Spanish speakers. This is probably where I learned the most!Q1: What do we know about the speakers Spanish learning experience in high school?Q2: What made the speaker feel frustrated while leanin
44、g Spanish in high school? Q3: What did the speaker say about her study of Spanish literature in college?Q4: Which experience benefited the speaker most in terms of her use of Spanish?Passage 2Scripts and answersHave you ever heard of homeschooling? It is a legal choice for parents in most countries
45、to provide their children with a learning environment as an 1) alternative to public or private schools outside the home. Parents cite 2) numerous reasons for homeschooling their children. The three reasons that are selected by the majority of parents in the United States are the concern about the 3
46、) traditional school environment, the lack of religious or moral instruction, and the dissatisfaction with the 4) academicinstruction at public and private schools.Homeschooling may also be a factor in the choice of parenting style. Homeschooling can be a choice for families living in isolated 5) co
47、untryside or living briefly abroad. Also many young 6) athletes and actors are taught at home. Homeschoolers often 7) take advantage of educational opportunities atmuseums, libraries, munity centers, athletic clubs, after-school programs, churches, parks, and other munity resources. 8) Secondary sch
48、ool level students may take classes at munity colleges, which typically have open admission policies.Groups of homeschooling families often join up together to create homeschool co-ops. These groups typically meet once a week and provide a classroom environment. These are family- centered support groups whose members seek to pool their talents and resources 9) in a collectiveeffort to broaden the scope of their childrens education. They provide a classroom