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1、|计算机英语（第 4 版） 练习参考答案Unit One: Computer and Computer ScienceUnit One/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. workstations; mainframes5. vacuum; transistors6. instructions; software7. digit; eight; byte8. micr
2、ominiaturization; chipII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3. optical computer 光计算机4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile log
3、ical element 通用逻辑元件9. silicon substrate 硅衬底10. vacuum tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data12. 超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit13. 中央处理器 central processing unit14. 个人计算机 personal computer|15. 模拟计算机 analogue computer16. 数字计算机 digital computer17. 通用计算机 general-purpose compu
4、ter18. 处理器芯片 processor chip19. 操作指令 operating instructions20. 输入设备 input deviceIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. Acc
5、ording to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computers speed, size,
6、cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in
7、 which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorpor
8、ated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将
9、使计算机的操作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位 DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和|执行运算的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。还有一些限制与即使最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。Unit One/Section BI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in
10、the text:1. experimentation2. interfacing3. interdisciplinary4. microprocessorII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial neural network 人工神经网络2. computer architecture 计算机体系结构3. robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序4. human-computer interface 人机接口5.
11、 knowledge representation 知识表示6. 数值分析 numerical analysis7. 程序设计环境 programming environment8. 数据结构 data structure9. 存储和检索信息 store and retrieve information10. 虚拟现实 virtual realityUnit One/Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. output2. supercomputer3. microcontroller|4
12、. handheld; convergenceII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. Web page （万维）网页2. touch screen 触摸屏，触屏3. blade server 刀片服务器4. removable storage device 移动（式）存储设备5. 声卡 sound card6. 存储服务器 storage server7. 便携式媒体播放器 portable media player8. 硬盘 hard diskUnit T
13、wo: Computer ArchitectureUnit Two/Section AI Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. input; output; storage2. Basic Input/Output System3. flatbed; hand-held4. LCD-based5. dot-matrix; inkjet6. disk; memory7. volatile8. serial; parallelII. Translate the following terms or phrases
14、from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. function key 功能键，操作键，函数键2. voice recognition module 语音识别模块3. touch-sensitive region 触敏区4. address bus 地址总线5. flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪|6. dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）7. parallel connection 并行连接8. cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9. video game 电子游戏10. audio signal 音频信号
15、11. 操作系统 operating system12. 液晶显示（器） LCD (liquid crystal display)13. 喷墨打印机 inkjet printer14. 数据总线 data bus15. 串行连接 serial connection16. 易失性存储器 volatile memory17. 激光打印机 laser printer18. 磁盘驱动器 disk drive19. 基本输入输出系统 BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)20. 视频显示器 video displayIII. Fill in each of the blanks
16、 with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light. On a CD-ROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat are
17、as and bumpy (高低不平的) areas (called “pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1 or a 0.Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only
18、” disc. Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted (压印) by the publisher.A single CD-ROM disc can store 650 megabytes (兆字节) of data. That is equivalent to 451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disc, the
19、 time to retrieve or access the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their access rate.|IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:调制解调器是在模拟与数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列 1 和 0 表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是模拟信号的一个例子。调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电
20、话线的互相通信。调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。Unit Two/Section BI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. graphical2. file; scheduler3. virtual4. sliceII. Translate the fo
21、llowing terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. interrupt handler 中断处理程序2. virtual memory 虚拟存储（器），虚存，虚拟内存3. context switch 上下文转换，语境转换4. main memory 主存（储器）5. bit pattern 位模式6. 外围设备 peripheral device7. 进程表 process table8. 时间片 time slice9. 图形用户界面 graphical user interface10. 海量存储器 m
22、ass storage|Unit Two/Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. repository2. central; sub-systems3. network4. layered 或 abstract machineII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. code generator 代码生成程序，代码发生器2. abstract machin
23、e 抽象机3. program editor 程序编辑程序，程序编辑器4. configuration item 配置项5. 计算机辅助设计 CAD (computer-aided design)6. 数据冗余 data redundancy7. 指挥与控制系统 command and control system 8. 视频压缩与解压缩 video compression and decompressionUnit Three: Computer Language and ProgrammingUnit Three/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with th
24、e information given in the text:1. artificial; instructions2. low-level; high-level3. machine4. machine5. functional; logic6. statement7. module8. digital|II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. storage register 存储寄存器2. function statement 函数语句3. progr
25、am statement 程序语句4. object-oriented language 面向对象语言5. assembly language 汇编语言6. intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言7. relational language 关系（型）语言8. artificial language 人工语言9. data declaration 数据声明10. Structured Query Language 结构化查询语言11. 可执行程序 executable program12. 程序模块 program module13. 条件语句 conditional
26、statement14. 赋值语句 assignment statement15. 逻辑语言 logic language16. 机器语言 machine language17. 函数式语言 functional language18. 程序设计语言 programming language19. 运行计算机程序 run a computer program20. 计算机程序员 computer programmerIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
27、changes if necessary:A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to t
28、he development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics (助记符) for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program known as an assembler (汇编程序，汇编器) into the binary encoding used by the computer. |Other pieces of system software known as li
29、nking loaders (连接装入程序) combine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machines main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of programs to be built up to carry out common tasksa first st
30、ep toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers, programs that
31、translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languages became more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.IV. Translate
32、the following passage from English into Chinese:面向对象程序设计语言，如 C+和 Java，基于传统的高级语言，但它们使程序设计员能够从合作对象集而非命令列表的角度进行思考。诸如圆之类的对象具有像圆的半径一类的属性，以及在计算机屏幕上绘制该对象的命令。一个对象类可以从其他的对象类继承特征。例如，定义正方形的类可以从定义长方形的类那里继承直角等特征。这一套程序设计类简化了程序设计员的工作，带来了更多“可复用的”计算机代码。可复用代码使程序设计员可以使用已经设计、编写和测试的代码。这使得程序设计员的工作变得比较容易，并带来更加可靠和高效的程序。Uni
33、t Three/Section BI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. objects2. platform-independent3. multithreading4. runtime|II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. native code 本机（代）码2. header file 头标文件；页眉文件3. multithreaded program 多线程程序
34、4. Java-enabled browser 支持 Java 的浏览器5. malicious code 恶意代码6. 机器码 machine code7. 汇编码 assembly code8. 特洛伊木马程序 Trojan horse9. 软件包 software package10. 类层次 class hierarchyUnit Three/Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. subscript; index2. fixed3. histogram4. two-dimensionalII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. bar chart 条形图2. frequency array 频率数组3. graphical representation 图形表示4. multidimensional array 多维数组5. 用户视图 user(s) view6. 下标形式 subscript form7. 一维数组 one-dimensional array8. 编程结构 programming construct