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1、非谓语动词知识点一、非谓语动词作状语1非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式；To succeed, we must make good preparation.要取得成功必须做好准备。2非谓语动词作伴随状语，要想到用现在分词；The students rushed out of the classroom, laughing and talking.学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。3非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词；He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆匆
2、赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)(陕西卷)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了更多高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)4非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。I am only too glad to see everything settled.看到一切问题都解决了，我很高兴。
3、Being tired, he went to bed early.因为很累，他很早就睡了。Seeing the police, the thieves ran away.看到警察，小偷就跑了。源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有seated(坐着的)，devoted(专注的)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)等。 【特别提醒】Absorbed in his book, he didnt notice me enter the room.他专注读书，没注意到我进入房间。知识点二 非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词类别用法动词不定
4、式表示将要发生的动作动名词表示用途分词现在分词表示动作主动进行或者正在进行中过去分词表示动作被动完成或者单纯表示已经完成We are preparing for the midterm examination to be held next week.我们正在为下周将要举行的期中考试做准备。The lecture, starting(which was starting)at 7：00 pm. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.讲座于昨晚七点开始，随后是用望远镜观察月球。Tsinghua
5、 University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。【特别提醒】不定式作定语时，若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动含义；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式表被动含义。 She has a sister to look after.她有一个妹妹需要照顾。(she是look after的执行者)I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be bought?我要去北京
6、，你有什么东西需要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者)知识点三 非谓语动词作宾语1只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，help，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，want，expect，fail，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，happen等。2只接v.ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，avoid，consider，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel
7、like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。3接不定式与接v.ing形式有显著区别的动词：(1)try to do 尽力做；try doing 试着去做；(2) mean to do打算做；mean doing 意味着；(3) regret to do遗憾要去做；regret doing后悔做过；(4)remember to do 记得去做；remember doing记得做过；(5) forget to do忘记去做；forget doing 忘记做了。4动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.ing形式的主动形式
8、或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。5介词后一般要接v.ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。He got wellprepared for the job interview，for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做好了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。W
9、hat a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。【特别提醒】不定式作动词(短语)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find out等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how，what，whether，where，when，who等。 知识点四 非谓语动词作宾补1现在分词作宾补现
10、在分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。He had the light burning all
11、night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。Its wrong to leave the computer working.让电脑一直开着是不对的。I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.对不起让你久等了。I found a number of people already working there.我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。2过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see
12、，watch，observe，look，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.你应该让我了解他的行踪。The old found his hometown much changed.这位老人发现他的家乡变化很
13、大。He left much work unfinished because he was ill.因为生病，他留下许多工作未做。3不定式作宾补(1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，invite，leave，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，warn，wish，call on，depend upon等。(2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：help，使役动词(make，have，let)，感官动词。如果这些动词
14、或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。We hurriedly ended the meeting，leaving many problems to be settled.我们匆忙结束了会议，留下很多问题要解决。4with宾语宾补(1)with宾语doing(表示主动且进行)(2)with宾语done(表示被动且完成)(3)with宾语to do(表示将来)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.这老两
15、口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。【特别提醒】(1)使役动词(make，have，let 等)及感官动词(see
16、，watch，observe，hear，notice 等)后作宾补的不定式不带to。但用于被动语态(let除外)时，作主补的不定式一定要加上to。(2)下列结构中用不定式作主补：sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thoughtto do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth. The director had her assistant pick up some hot dogs for the meeting.经理让她的助手为会议买一些热狗。He is th
17、ought to have invented the first telephone in the world.人们认为他发明了世界上第一部电话。知识点五 非谓语动词作主语和表语1非谓语动词作主语不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作；v.ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或v.ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.ing形式作主语：It is/was no use/no good/of little use (good) doing sth.。Hearing how others react to the book
18、you have just read creates an added pleasure.聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。It is no good learning without practice.只学习不实践没有好处。Its not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。2非谓语动词作表语ving形式作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。What she likes is watching
19、 children play.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。His ambition is to go Harvard University.他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。知识点六 非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词形式意义不定式一般时完成时主动：to do不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后被动：to be done进行时to be doing谓语动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行完成时主动：to have done不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前被动：to have been done非谓语动词形式意义动词ing形式一般时主动：doing分词动作与谓语动作(几乎)同时发生或发生在谓语动作
20、之后被动：being done完成时主动：having done表示分词动作先于谓语动作发生被动：having been done过去分词done表示被动与完成提醒having been done与done作状语时没有明显区别，可互换，但having been done不能作定语。不及物动词的过去分词，只表示完成，不表示被动There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring at the night sky.没有什么能比躺在草地中央凝视着夜空让人感到更高兴的事儿了。I
21、 got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington.那天我比平时到办公室的时间要早，因为我赶上了7：30从Paddington来的火车。Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。His first book to be published is based on a true story.即将出版的他的第一本书是基于一个真实的故事写的
22、。【方法技巧】非谓语动词解题四步骤第一步：利用“有无连词”原则确定谓语还是非谓语。分析句子结构，判断出句子的主干主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语，则要用谓语动词，如果题线处不作谓语，则要用非谓语动词。第二步：根据句意和作用确定句子成分。根据句意和题线处在句中的位置和作用，确定其所充当的句子成分，从而确定空格处所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。第三步：根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态。如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用v.ing形式或不定式的主动式；若为动宾关系则用v.ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态。非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词
23、表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.ing形式的完成时或不定式的完成时；若同时进行用v.ing形式或不定式的进行时；若非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式的一般时。高频考点一、非谓语动词作状语例1、(2019江苏卷)_ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.ATo enjoy BEnjoyingCTo have enjoyed DEnjoy【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了享受电子支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。分析句子结构可知，这
24、里表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。【举一反三】(2018江苏卷)Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, _ the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.Ahaving exceeded Bto exceedCexceeded Dexceeding【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这段时间大约13 500个新的工作岗位被创造了出来，超过了市场分析人士预计的12 000个。exceed与主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，故选择exceeding。【变式探究】(201
25、8北京卷)During the MidAutumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.Ashare Bto shareChaving shared Dshared【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家庭成员常常欢聚一堂，享受大餐、赏月并品尝月饼。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处用不定式作目的状语。【变式探究】Due to the newlydiscovered flu, a general anxiousness develo
26、ped and spread, _ a sharp decrease of dining out.Acaused Bhaving causedCto cause Dcausing【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为这种最新发现的流感，一种普遍的焦虑情绪滋生出来并且不断蔓延，这导致外出吃饭的人数急剧减少。分析句子结构可知，cause与其逻辑主语是主动关系，应用v.ing形式作结果状语，所以选D。高频考点二 非谓语动词作定语例2(2019天津卷)Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially _ to help t
27、hem succeed academically and personally.Adesigned BdesigningCto design Dbeing designed【答案】A【解析】考查过去分词。句意：大多数大学现在给大一学生提供一门专门设计的来帮助他们在学术和个人事务上成功的课程。此处course与design之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故选A。【举一反三】(2017江苏卷)Many Chinese brands，_their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the moder
28、n market.Ahaving developed Bbeing developedCdeveloped Ddeveloping【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句的主语Many Chinese brands与develop存在主动关系，因此用现在分词，又根据句中的时间状语over centuries可知，此处应该使用现在分词的完成式。故答案为A。【变式探究】In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _ within the work.Ato hide BhiddenChiding Dbeing hi
29、dden【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，message与hide是逻辑上的被动关系，因此应该使用过去分词作后置定语。【变式探究】Shanghai has become the first city in China _ road test plates for autonomous driving trucks, issuing a plate to technology companies TuSimple and Momenta each, according to Jiefang Daily.Ahaving issued Bto issueCissuing Dissu
30、ed【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据解放日报报道，上海已成为中国第一个颁发自动驾驶卡车道路测试牌照的城市，给技术公司TuSimple和Momenta各颁发了一张牌照。根据句中的“the first”可知此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故选B。高频考点三、非谓语动词作宾语例3、(2018天津卷)I didnt mean _ anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help _ it.Ato eat；to try Beating；tryingCeating；to try Dto eat；trying【答案】D【解析】
31、考查非谓语动词。从句意看，第一空所在部分用mean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”，第二空用couldnt help doing sth.表示“忍不住做某事”，因此选D。【举一反三】After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on _ all the people who had helped in her career.Ato thank BthankingChaving thanked Dto have thanked【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖
32、之后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有曾经在她的职业生涯中帮助过她的人。 go on 后接to do或doing作宾语均可，但是go on doing sth.表示“继续做同一件事”，而go on to do sth.则表示“继续做另一件事”。由语境可知，Anne Benedict在拿奖后又继续做另一件事，即“感谢所有帮助过她的人”，故用go on to do sth.。【变式探究】Acceptance is not about liking a situation.It is about acknowledging all that has been lost and_to live
33、with that loss.Alearning BlearnedCto learn Dhaving learned【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：接受不是关于喜欢一种状况。它是关于承认所有已经失去的和学会带着损失生活下去。题干中acknowledging和learning做about的并列宾语，故选A。【变式探究】There is a strict limit of 13 days in the challenging race through the Arctic，although most competitors end up_ long before that.Ato reti
34、re BretiredChaving retired Dretiring【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：穿越北冰洋的13天挑战赛有严格的限制，尽管参赛者都已在很久之前就退出了。end up后跟v.ing形式，意为：以为结束。故选D。高频考点四、非谓语动词作宾补例4(2018天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _Ataking BtakenCbeing taken Dtake【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。从句意和句子结构看，本空在句中作宾补，动词take与my photograph之间是逻辑上的
35、动宾关系，故应用过去分词，因此选B。【举一反三】Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _ good care of at home.Ataking BtakenCtake Dbe taken【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。分析句子结构可知，此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是 do，doing或者done。 若宾语与补语之间是主动关系，且强调动作发生的全过
36、程，用省略to的动词不定式，即do; 若宾语与补语之间是主动关系，且强调动作正在进行，用doing; 若宾语与补语之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故选B项。【变式探究】Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _ live is quite another.Aperform BperformingCto perform Dbeing performed【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另一回
37、事。题干中含有“hear宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐，故应用being performed作宾语补足语。【变式探究】Have you seen the boys_Little Apple？Thats such a beautiful scene that I dare not have my eyes_on it.Adancing；fixing Bdance；fixingCdance；fixed Dto dance；fixed【答案】C【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意： 你看见男孩们跳小苹果了吗？那是如此美的
38、场景，我都不敢看。see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事；have ones eyes fixed on sth.某人的眼凝视在上。根据句意选C。高频考点五、非谓语动词作主语和表语例5(2019天津卷)_ to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.ALearn BLearnedCLearning DHaving learned【答案】C【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性地思考是当今儿童未来所需的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知，主句的谓语动词是is，is之前的内容是主
39、语，故此处应用动名词短语作主语，表示一般性的陈述概念，故选C。【举一反三】(2018北京卷)_ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.ATravel BTravelingCHaving traveled DTraveled【答案】B【解析】考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。根据句子结构可知，此处用动名词作主语。【变式探究】For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the p
40、hone are important in staying_Aconnected Bconnecting Cto connect Dto be connected【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。A项connected是形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。stay connected是“stay形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。本题中的staying connected和keeping in touch表达同一个意思。【变式探究】We sh
41、ould bear in mind that _ aloud in public is a good way to develop our level of confidence.Ahaving spoken Bto be spokenCspeaking Dspeak 【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该记住：在公共场合大声讲话是提高我们的自信心的一个好方法。分析句子结构可知，空处在从句中作主语，应用动名词形式。故选C。高频考点六 非谓语动词的时态和语态例6The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping wit
42、hout _Arecognizing Bbeing recognizedChaving recognized Dhaving been recognized【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位影星戴着墨镜，因此他可以在没人认出的情况下购物了。without为介词，后面接动名词形式；The film star与recognize之间存在被动关系，故用动名词的被动式，即“being done”结构。此题易误选D项，having been done为现在分词的被动式，不作介词的宾语。【举一反三】_ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report
43、 on schedule.ATo work BWorkedCTo be working DHaving worked【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：工作了两天，史蒂夫设法如期完成了他的报告。首先，work的动作发生在managed to finish.之前，故用完成时；Steve与work之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式，故用Having worked。【变式探究】There are still many problems _before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.Asolving BsolvedCbeing solved Dt
44、o be solved【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题需要解决。由There are可知设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰problems，根据时间状语从句before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon可知，动作solve发生在将来，故用不定式结构，而且problems与solve之间存在被动关系，故用不定式的被动结构。【变式探究】_ a good writer, you must find a quiet place where you can think, preferably one with
45、 limited accessibility.ABecomingBTo becomeCHaving become DBecome【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：要成为一名好作家，你必须找到一个你能思考的安静之处，最好是一个限制(其他人)进入的地方。根据句意，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。1.(2019江苏卷)_ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.ATo enjoy BEnjoyingCTo have enjoyed DEnjoy【答案】A【解析】考查非
46、谓语动词。句意：为了享受电子支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。分析句子结构可知，这里表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。2(2019天津卷)Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially _ to help them succeed academically and personally.Adesigned BdesigningCto design Dbeing designed【答案】A【解析】考查过去分词。句意：大多数大学现在给大一学生提供一门专门设计的来帮助他们在学术和个人事务上成功的课程。此处course与design之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故选A。3(2019天津卷)_