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1、 高三英语上册知识点总结及考试习题词汇是语言的建筑材料,这种材料的好坏直接关系到“建筑质量”问题。没有词汇,也就没有听说读写。词汇是用以表达概念的,离开词汇就无法表达概念;词汇不丰富,也必然会影响思想交流。英语单词不仅有它的本义、转义和寓意,用法上还有其复杂的搭配关系。我们要学好外语,要把自己的语言建构成高质量的语言,首先要过好词汇关。根据语言学家的估计和统计,英语词汇虽然在50万以上,然而大部分不是常用词汇。一般性的口语和书面语常用词汇只有30005000。掌握3000个词就可以完成用英语进行的交际任务的90%。而如果掌握5000个英语词,就可以完成95%以上的交际任务,例如:阅读一般性的英
2、文原著。常用词一可当十,而且在口语和书面语中重复率高,搭配范围广,所以既容易记忆,也容易学会使用。同时常用词中包括大部分英语词根,这些词大都派生性很强,一个词通过加前缀和后缀,可以构成许多其他的词。从这些方面看,学习英语词汇要以常用词为主,是提高学习效率的重要途径之一。根据2000年考试大纲,高考英语要求掌握2000词汇(见高考英语说明词汇表),基本上是常用词汇,这2000词汇中通过一词多义以及构词法还能够派生出更多的词。高三的考生对教材中出现的超纲词汇,要根据自己的实力进行认读理解记忆。2000词汇的记忆是考生感到比较困难的,因为词汇量比较大,不知如何复习,不少考生就放弃了词汇复习,导致高考
3、成绩很难有大的提高。由于词汇量有限,阅读和写作能力都会受到影响,例如以下两篇考生的作文,由于词汇使用的能力不同,表达能力也显然不同。低分作文:DearHelen,Ivereadyouradvertisementinamagazine.Iwanttobepen-friendswithyou.MynameisWangLin.IamlivinginatraditionChinesefamily.Myfatherisabus-driver.Mymotherisaworker,andmysisterisanurse.Theyareworkinghard.NowImstudyingintheShangha
4、iSchool.Myschoolisverybeautiful.Ialsolearnedalotofinthisschool.So,Ialsolikeplaytennis.Iamwaitingforyouranswer.Yours,WangLin高分作用:DearHelen,Iamwritingthisletterinresponsetoyouradvertisement.Iamagirlofthesameagewithyou.AndIcomefromahappyandwarmfamily,whichincludesmyfather,mymother,mysisterandme.Iamstud
5、yinginahighschoolfarfrommyhometown,butIneverregrettedformyownchoice,forthelifehereisverycolorfulandchallenging.IaminterestedinstampcollectionandIhavecolletedmorethanthreethousandstamps.Ialsolikeswimming,playingtennisandsomeothersports.Iwishthatonedaywecouldbegoodfriends.YoursTruly,WangLin高三考生要重视词汇的梳
6、理,词汇的复习不能简单地理解成只是简单的记忆英语单词的中文意思(这是高考词汇复习的误区)。高考词汇的复习应该着眼于对词汇进行更高层次地梳理,例如进行分级、分类处理,有利于进行有重点性地进行记忆理解。并且要加大词汇灵活运用能力的训练,例如一词多义、搭配、转义的复习,例如以下句中gift在不同语境中,表达的意思就不同:1.HermotherboughtaCDforMarysbirthdaygift(=present).2.Hehasagiftforlearningmath.(=talent)3.Thelastquestioninmyexampaperwasagift.(=veryeasy)所有学所
7、生要通过词汇的复习开发记忆的能力、提高记忆的技巧、掌握记忆的方法。高考词汇复习方法:一、分级处理通过分级处理,加强词汇复习的针对性和实效性。将2000词汇分为两个级别(初级和中级)进行不同要求的处理;即简化和优化词汇复习过程。中级词汇是重点和难点,抓住重点,突破难点,为高考高分奠定扎实的词汇基础。1、初级词汇1200:初中所学词汇(教学大纲词汇表1)例如下面所列词汇对考生来说比较容易,在认读方面应该没有问题。它们是保证及格的词汇;例如听力部分、语言知识运用部分这些词汇复现率高。但是,在复习的时候要特别注意它们的灵活运用,例如share用做名词时其含义是什么?fit与suit有什么区别?这些都是
8、高考的失分点。sizeskinsharesaltsmellsoftsimplesilentsciencescreensuitreadyreachreasonrepairraisequietpublicproudpriceproblempolitepleasureperiodoceanofficenoticenationnaturemodelmuseummarketminutemachinemedicinemainlistlecturejudgeinterestinviteimaginehurthatehobbyhealthgatherforeignfreshfavoritefiteagerdu
9、ringcorrect.2、中级词汇740:高中所学词汇(教学大纲词汇表2)例如以下词汇:specialsuccesssatisfyreduceroughregretrealizepretendpreventpraisepromisepersuadepunishresultruinmentionmemorymeasuremanagemayornervousnarrowfamiliarfaulthabitexpertencourageelectricityexpressexperimenteditespeciallyequaldisturbdesigndietdeclaredevotedescr
10、ibedelivercustomcouragecreatecontrolconfidentcommonchallengecausebalanceavoidargueamazeattemptafford.中级词汇是高考高分词汇,在阅读理解试题中复现量大,因此是备考重点词汇。需要特别强调的是考生不能只停留在认识这些词汇的单一层面上,既要掌握它们的正确拼写、准确发音,也要提高灵活运用这些词汇的能力;即它们的固定搭配、转义等。例如以下答对率低的词汇试题,就反映了考生在词汇复习方面的问题:即缺乏灵活运用能力。1)Illlookintothematterassoonaspossible.Justhavea
11、little_.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest答案C,patience意思为“耐心”。patient意思为“病人”考生都比较熟悉,但是当它用做形容词时意思为“耐心”,名词形式为patience。2)Haveyouafunny_orunusualexperiencethatyouwouldliketoshare?A.amusementB.incidentC.accidentD.section正确答案B。amusement“娱乐”,“快乐”,incident“小事件”,accident“意外事故”,section“部分”,根据句意选B比较合适,因为amusement不能用
12、funny来修饰。3)Allexpertsagreethatthemostimportantconsiderationwithdietdrugsiscarefully_therisksandbenefits.A.weighingB.valuingC.evaluatingD.distinguishing正确答案A。四个选项的词均有估计或评价某物的意思,但是各自含义有不同。weigh指在头脑中审视或衡量一个问题的几个方面以便做出慎重的评价;value指评价或估计某物的价值;evaluate可以指估计某物的价值,也可指估计形势或重要性,distinguish指根据一些事物所具备的不同之处而将它们区别
13、开来。该句意思是指衡量减肥药的利与弊,所以weigh才能确切地表达这一意思。4)Theconstructionofthehighwayiswellwithinour_andfinances.A.probabilitiesB.activitiesC.capabilitiesD.responsibilities正确答案C,意思为“此项公路的建设完全在我们的能力和财力范围之内。”根据句意,所选词由and和finances相连,所以其含义一定要与finances意思并列,所以选capabilities“。二、分类处理分类处理有利于难点的突破;例如动词短语、介词短语等。1、动词:英语的动词既有种类之分,
14、也有形式变化之分。此外,英语的动词还有形式变化的规则与不规则之分。由于动词是支撑英语句子的基本结构的“栋梁词”,因此,英语基本功打得如何主要取决于对动词知识的掌握和运用的如何。尤其是动词结构的掌握,动词的结构是动词表义的途径,是支撑起动词表义网的“纲”。能驾驭动词的基本结构,就能支撑起语义表达的整体框架;例如把握了preventsbfromdoing的结构,就能用其表达Parentsareencouragedtopreventtheirchildrenfromspendingtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.的意思了。动词复习要重视不同动词结构不同语义的把握,例如
15、regretto,regretdoing;riskdoing;devotetodoing;failtodo;refusetodo;happentodo;succeedin;dreamof;believein;agreewith;insiston;referto;standfor;objectto等等。accept,achieve,agree,allow,argue,attempt,attend,attract,avoid,beg,beat,behave,benefit,blame,break,carry,catch,cause,change,choose,compare,decide,dela
16、y,deliver,depend,design,destroy,devote,discuss,divide,doubt,encourage,expect,explain,express,fail,fetch,force,forget,form,gather,grow,hear,hurt,imagine,include,interview,lead,lie,lift,mean,move,notice,obey,operate,permit,point,praise,promise,provide,prove,remain,raise,regard,regret,realize,seek,sett
17、le,share,spend,suffer,support,suppose,succeed,smell.2、动词短语:以考纲词汇表所列动词短语为主进行复习,这些短语是比较活跃的常见短语,也是考生不易得分的短语;1)Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountries_withnoagreementreached.A.havebrokendownB.havebrokenoutC.havebrokeninD.havebrokenup正确答案A。breakdown“中断,失败”,breakout“爆发”,breakin“打断”,breakup“打碎,拆散”。2
18、)IfEnglishisnotourfirstlanguageyoucanoftenbepuzzledbywaysofexpressionthatthenativespeakerofEnglishdoesnotevenhaveto_.A.thinkoutB.thinkaboutC.thinkoverD.thinkfor正确答案为B。thinkout“想出,琢磨透”,thinkabout“考虑,思索”,thinkover“反复考虑,斟酌”,thinkfor非固定搭配。3)Iwas_inthemiddleofmycallbecauseIhadnomorepenniestoputinthebox.A
19、.brokeninB.cutoffC.hungupD.cutdown正确答案B,意思为“(打电话过程中电话被)切断”。breakin“闯入”,hangup“挂断电话”该词组不能用被动语态,cutdown“减少、降低”。4)Mrs.Smith_tearswhenshehadheardherdaughterhaddiedintheroadaccident.A.brokeinB.brokeupC.brokethroughD.brokeinto正确答案D,breakinto“突然(起来)”,例如:breakintocheer“突然欢呼起来”,breakintoarun“突然跑起来”。brokein“闯
20、入,打断”,brokeup“解散,解体”,brokethrough“突破,突围”。5)TheAmericanpianistwhohadbeenpraisedhighly_tobeagreatdisappointment.A.turnedonB.turnedoverC.turnedoutD.turneddown正确答案C,turnout意思为“原来是,(结果)竟然是”。6)Whenattheparty,besurenotto_fromthepersonwhotriestoencourageyouinconversation.A.turnawayB.turndownC.turnoffD.turnb
21、ack正确答案A,该词组可以与起后from搭配表示“走开,离开”。turndown“拒绝,调小(音量)”,turnoff“熄灭,关掉”,turnback“返回”。7)TheeditortoldmeifIcould_mystoryto2,000words,theywouldtakeit.A.cutshortB.cutoffC.cutdownD.cutout正确答案A,意思为“剪短,削短”。cutoff“截止,中断供应”,cutdown“减少”,cutonsmoking“减少吸烟”。cutout“删除,划掉”。8)Nowthatwehavelostallthemoney,itsnouse_mean
22、dsayingitsallmyfault.A.talkingonB.comingonC.countingonD.turningon正确答案D,意思为“对发怒,向突然袭击”。Thedogturnedontheboyandbithimintheleg.“那条狗向那个男孩扑去,在他的腿上咬了一口。”talkon“谈论”,comeon“偶遇”,counton“依赖”。9)Thecitygovernmentisgoingtotakemeasuresto_theprice.A.bringdownB.putdownC.turndownD.settledown正确答案A,意思为“降低”;putdown“记下,
23、镇压,熄灭”,settledown“定居,安家”。10)Attendancesatcinemashave_greatlysincetheinventionofTVsets.A.droppedinB.droppedoffC.droppedoutD.droppedon正确答案B,意思为“跌落,减少”。dropinat(someplace),dropinonsb“偶然拜访”。dropout“脱离,中途退出”。例如:Smithdroppedoutoftheteam.史密斯不参加那个队了。高三词汇复习要对以下动词短语进行整理,把握好它们的用法有利于语言表达的丰富,生动。breakdownbreakupb
24、reakoutbreakincallatcalloutcalloncallforcomedowncomeupcomeincomeoutcomeoncomeacrosscomealonggetalonggetawaygetbackgetdowngetingetongetoffgetthroughgivebackgiveingiveoutgiveawaygiveupgoawaygobygoongooutgooverlookafterlookatlookforlookoutlookforwardtomakeupmakeoutmakefrommakeinmakefunofputawayputonput
25、upputoutputdowntakeintakeouttakeawaytakeontakedowntakeuptakeofftakeplaceturnintoturnoffturnonturntoturndownturnupturnoutturnoversetoutsetupsetoffsetfreeworkonworkoutcarryoncarryouthearfromhearofjoininjoinuppayforpayoffpickuppickoutpointtopointout高考词汇记忆策略1、利用同义词、反义词记忆词汇:利用英英释义记忆,培养英语语感。1)同义词funny-amu
26、singsad-mournjourney-triptalestoryhuge-largeready-preparehurt-injureancient-old.2)反义词drop-liftsorrow-joyenter-leaverough-smoothpeculiar-commonyoung-agedemploy-hire2、利用句意理解、朗读、背诵记忆词汇:理解记忆会使记忆的单词更牢固。1)Ionlywearthissuitonspecialoccasions.2)Therelationsbetweenourtwocountriesareimproving.3)Theserulesarei
27、ntendedtopreventaccidents.4)Thismethodhastheadvantagesofsavingalotoffuel.5)Thegovernmenthasannouncedthatelectricitychargeswillgoupthissummer.6)Icomparedthecopywiththeoriginal,andtherewasntmuchdifference.7)IlikethestyleofhiswritingbutIdontlikethecontent.8)Johnseemscontenttositinfrontofthetelevisional
28、lnight.9)Hehasmadeanimportantcontributiontothecompanyssuccess.10)Thearrangementsuitshisconvenienceverywell.11)Herencouragementdeterminedmetocarryonwiththework.12)Heavytrafficiscausingseriousdelaysonallroutestothecoast.13)Theireffortstoimprovetheschoolhavebeenveryeffective.14)Fortunately,thefirewasdi
29、scoveredsoonafterithadstarted.15)Listeningtothemusichasacalminginfluenceonher.16)Thehoteloffersthehigheststandardsofcomfortandservice.17)Idliketogototheconcert,butIhaventanytransport.18)Shedidntliketheworkbecauseitlackedvariety;shewasdoingthesamethingsallthetime.19)Theyrewardedtheboywith$5forbringin
30、gthelostdog.20)Igetalongwithotherseasily,whichisespeciallyusefulforavolunteer.3、短文理解记忆词汇:理解、欣赏、记忆、模仿。RecentlyIvemadeasurveyabouttheschooluniformsandfoundoutthatstudentshave(1)d_opinionsaboutwearinguniforms.Themajorityofthestudentsarein(2)f_ofwearingschooluniforms,inwhoseopinion,itisgoodfor(3)t_thest
31、udentscharacteranditisgoodfortheschooladministration.Studentscanbe(4)e_tohavethegoodqualitiesofdiligence,disciplineandmodestybywearingschooluniforms.Moreover,itcanhelp(5)a_sortingthestudentsbytheirclothing.However,somestudentsare(6)a_wearingschooluniforms,fortheythinkthe(7)d_oftheschooluniformisrath
32、erplainandthecolor(is)quitedull.Inaddition,itisveryuncomfortabletowearschooluniforms.Intheirminds,wearingschooluniformsisnogoodforthedevelopmentofstudents(8)p_.Onthewhole,studentshavedifferentideasaboutwearinguniforms.Itmayhelpthestudentmanagement,butnotgoodforpersonalitydevelopment.(key:1.different
33、2.favor3.training4.encouraged5.avoid6.against7.design8.personalities)记忆在英语学习中占重要地位,记忆方法直接关系到英语学习的成败。记忆词汇还有很多行之有效的策略,例如:1)视觉记忆和听觉记忆结合:边看边听;2)发音动觉记忆和书写动觉记忆结合:一边读一边写,效果比只读不写或只写不读都好,发音动觉和书写动觉的控制分别属于大脑的不同部位,二者同时启动,就会增多了大脑对记忆的参与。大脑多部位联合活动,记忆的印痕就既多而且联系广;3)循环记忆和分类记忆结合:例如分词类进行记忆,有利于联想;4)词、句、文记忆;5)使用性记忆;快速阅读记
34、忆;快速书写记忆等。记忆是一种创造,而不是死记和硬背。创造新的语言组合,创造新的记忆方法、方式,总体记忆就会更有生命力,更有威力。一定要走出词汇记忆的误区,讲究记忆卫生:1)选择最佳记忆时间;2)合理安排记忆内容;3)劳逸结合;4)保证足够的睡眠时间;5)记忆的时候情绪愉快。掌握记忆方法,关键在于学习实践中的运用,通过运用增强记忆的准确性和持久性.记忆就像双手一样,越用越灵。记住的东西如果不经常使用,在大脑中的印象就会逐渐淡薄,很容易忘记。高三考生要善于发现和运用有效的记忆方法,科学备考,提高效率,冲刺理想高分!高考常见词汇解析单词使用的效率表现在三个方面:一是正确性,二是准确性,三是灵活性。
35、正确性是指对单词语法功用的良好把握。准确性指单词使用与思想表达的高度吻合。能巧妙地使用单词是单词使用较高层面上的一种技巧和技能。这种技能的获得依赖不断的练习和领悟。1.take,bring,carry,fetchtake拿,拿走(tocarry,lead,orcausetogoalongtoanotherplace)bring拿来,带来(totakewithoneselftoaplace)carry携带,运送(totakefromoneplacetoanother;transport)fetch接来,取来,带来(tocomeorgoafterandtakeorbringback)Dontfor
36、getto_yourumbrellawhenyouleave.Itsgoingtorain.Thiswonderfulplanecan_sevenpassengers.2.speak,say,talk,chat,voice,announcespeak说话,谈话,说明事实,表示意见,发言,演讲,操(某种语言)say说,讲,背诵,念,表示,比方说,假定talk谈话,讲,谈论,议论,说服某人做某事chat闲谈:轻松随便地进行交谈;闲谈,聊天(toconverseinaneasy,familiarmanner;talklightlyandcasually)voice表达;说出(togivevoicet
37、o;utter)announce宣布,通告(totellalotofpeople)IfIhaveabirthdayparty,Iwantto_ittomyfriends.Canyou_himintojoiningusintheproject?Thetwofriendssatinacornerand_awayaboutthepriceofstocksandshares.3.listen,hear,sound,listen听,listentohear听到,听说,听取,sound发出声音,回响,测深,听起来;使发声,宣告,听诊;Hisexplanation_allright.Youshould_th
38、eteacherifyouwanttolearn.4.look,see,watch,observe,glance,stare,glare,lookvi.看,注意,朝着,好象,显得vt.打量,注视,用眼神(或脸色)表示,期待see看,看见,了解,领会,注意,留心,经历,阅历watch看,注视,照顾,监视,警戒,守护,看守,等待observe观察,观测,遵守,评述,说glance扫视,匆匆一看glanceatstare凝视,盯着看stareatglare怒目而视;瞪眼glareatHe_atthewordtryingtorememberwhatitmeant.Theywere_enteringth
39、ebank.Whenandhowdoyou_MartinLutherKingJrDay?She_hermomenttocrosstheroad.5.wear,puton,pullon,haveon,wear(表状态)穿着;佩戴;留蓄;wearout用坏,用破;疲乏,疲倦puton(表动作)穿上,把.放在上,装出,假装,增加,欺骗,添上,使靠.维持生命pullon(表动作)穿,戴,继续拉haveon(表状态)穿着,戴着,在手头,使上钩Thosewho_longhairarestudyingart.6.buy,take,get,offerbuy买buysbsth给某人买某物;buysthfor(具
40、体钱数)花钱买东西;sthforbuyoff行贿;用钱疏通(=buyover);buyout买下所有权;buyup全部买进take所需,必备,花费:Ittakessbsttodosth.get买;购买offer出价,出售spend花(时间,钱)sbspendstime/moneyonsth/(in)doingsthJustaminute,itwont_melongtochange.It_moneytoliveinthattown.He_me300dollarsforthattelevision.Howlongdoyou_doingyourhomeworkeveryday?7.bury,hide
41、bury埋葬,掩埋,隐藏(coversomethingup,toputsomethingontopof)hide隐藏,掩藏,隐瞒,掩饰(puttingsomethingsomewheresoyoucannotfindit)Hecouldnot_hisembarrassment.She_herfeelings.Manymenwere_undergroundwhentherewasanaccidentatthemine.Thestudentsare_themselvesintheirstudies.8.solve,settle,solve解决,解答(tofindananswerorsolution
42、to)settle解决(toreachanagreementaboutsth,toendanargument),决定,整理,支付,使平静,安放,使定居,安排,They_thedisputewithoutgoingtocourt.Thepolicearetryingto_thecrime.9.make,domake做;制造;创造(toproducesthortocausesthtoappear);makeit=besuccessfuldo做,干,进行;忙(toperformanaction)perform做(比do正式),履行,执行,表演,演出Canyou_meacupoftea,please?
43、Itssillyformeto_thesamemistakeagain.Thedoctorisbusy_anoperationonapatient.Shellnever_itasanactress.10.hope,wish,expect,hope希望,盼望,期待,信赖hopetodo/thatwish希望,想要,但愿,祝贺wish(sb)todothat(虚拟)expect期待,预期,盼望,指望,(料)想,认为expect(sb)todo/thatMymother_mehomeatmidnighteveryday.I_Iwere30yearsyounger.I_youllbebettersoo
44、n.11.stay,remain,continue,stay暂住,维持,remain保持,逗留,剩余,残存continue继续,连续,延伸Iwenttothecity,butmybrother_athome.Accordingtotheweatherreport,theweatherwill_finetillthisweekend.Howcanyou_socool,calmandcollectedaftersuchahotargument?Canyou_behindtogivemeahand?Theyaredivorcedandthey_friends.12.stand,tolerate,bearstand持久,经受(toputupwith)tolerate忍受