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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上（下）Lesson One The Company in Which I work 我工作的公司 *In the company in which I work , each of us is afraid of at least one person . 我工作的公司里，每个人都至少害怕一个人。*The lower your position is , the more people you are afraid of . 职位越低，所惧怕的人越多。*And all the people are afraid of the twelve men at the top
2、 who helped found and build the company and now own and direct it . 所有的人都害怕那十二位顶层上司，他们帮助创建了这个公司，而且现在仍然大权在握。 *All these twelve men are elderly now and drained by time 歲月滄桑and success of energy and ambition . 所有这十二位都已经上了年纪，而且岁月的沧桑和对成功的执著追求使他们心力交瘁。 *Many have spent their whole lives here .They seem fri
3、endly ,slow , and content when I come upon them in the halls and always courteous(有禮貌的) and mute 沉默不語的）when they ride with others in the public elevators . 他们中很多人在这儿干了一辈子。当我在大厅里遇见他们时，他们看上去非常友善、沉稳而心满意足，而且他们与别人一起乘坐公共电梯时又总是彬彬有礼、沉默不语 *Nobody is sure anymore who really runs the company ( not even the peo
4、ple who are credited with running it ) , but the company does run . 没有人知道谁真正经营这家公司（甚至连人们认为现在经营着这家公司的那些人都不知道），然而公司的确在运转。 *He makes it clear to me every now and then that he wishes to see everything coming out of my department before it is shown to other departments 他有时会向我表示他希望我的部门的每一项工作在其他部门知道前要先让他知道
5、。 *and I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather than take up his time and delay their delivery to people who have an immediate need for them . 我会将大部分工作绕过格林并直接交给需要它们的人，而不愿意占他的时间。 *Most of the work we do in my department is , in the long run, trivial (鎖事). 毕竟我们部门绝大部分工作只是微不足道的。 *He turns sca
6、rlet with rage and embarrassment(惱羞成怒) is he has not seen or heard of it . 如果他从未看见或听到过的话，就更是恼羞成怒。 *The people in the company who are most afraid of most people are the salesmen . They live and work under pressure that is extraordinary . When things are bad , they are worse for the salesmen ;when thi
7、ngs are good , they are not much better . 公司里非常惧怕大多数人的人是销售人员，他们都生活和工作在极大压力之下，当情况不好时，对销售人员来说就会更糟。而当情况较好时，他们也不会好到哪儿去。 *They are always on trial , always on the verge of failure , collectively and individually .They strain even the most secure and self assured of them , to look good on paper ; They str
8、ain工作努力even the most secure and self assured of them , to look good on paper ; and there is much paper for them to look good on . Each week , for example , a record of the sales results of the preceding week for each sales office and for the Sales Department as a whole for each division of the compa
9、ny is kept and compared to the sales results for the corresponding week of the year before . 不论是从整体上还是个人，他们总是在接受检查，总是处于不合格的边缘。 他们工作非常努力（就连他们中那些很有保障的和充满自信的人都是这样）以使在书面评语上看上去好一些， 况且要让他们看上去好的表格多得很。 比如每星期为各部门准备的每个销售办事处及销售部所作的前一星期的销售业绩总记录加以保存并且与前一年同期的销售业绩相比较。 *The figures are photocopied and distributed t
10、hroughout the company to all the people and departments whose work is related to selling . 这些数字被复印后发到公司的每位员工和与销售有ce of each division of the company are doing at any关的部门。* The result of the photocopying and distributing is that there is almost continuous public scrutiny 公開審查and discussion throughout
11、the company of how well or poorly the salesmen in each sales offi given time . 这样做的结果是公司几乎一直在对每一个分公司的销售办事处中的销售人员在某一既定时间内的工作业绩进行公开审查和评论。 *When salesmen are doing well , there is pressure upon them to begin doing better , for fear they may start doing worse . When they are doing poorly , they are doin
12、g terribly . When a salesman lands a large order or brings in an important new account , his elation is brief , for there is danger he might lose that large order or important new account to a salesman from a competing company the next time around . 当销售人员业绩好时，他们因为要开始使工作做得更好，以免不如以前，从而感到压力重重。 当他们的业绩不佳
13、时，他们就会做得一塌糊涂 当一个销售人员争取到了一份大订单或者得到了一笔大的应收的账款，他的兴奋也是短暂的， 因为很可能他的那份大订单或者大笔的进账下一次有被竞争对手的公司拿去的危险， *They are vigorous(精力旺盛) , fun-loving bunch愛說愛笑 when they are not suffering abdominal cramps(消化不良)or brooding miserably about the future ; 在没有消化不良的困扰或不再苦苦为未来忧虑时，他们是一群充满活力、爱说爱笑的人。* on the other hand , they of
14、ten turn cranky without warning and complain a lot另一方面他们会突然之间变得任性并且牢骚满腹， *Each of them can name at least one superior in the company who he feels has a grudge(怨恨)against him and is determined to wreck(毀) his career . 他们每个人都至少能说出公司的一个上层人物是令他极度不满并且觉得这个人会毁了他的前程的。 *The salesmen work hard and earn big sa
15、laries , with large personal expense accounts that they squander(浪費， 揮霍)generously on other people in and out of the company , including me . 销售人员工作努力，薪金丰厚，还有个人经费，他们会把这笔个人经费挥霍在进出公司的其他人的身上，其中包括我本人。 *They own good houses in good communities and play good games of golf on good private golf courses . 他们
16、在豪宅区拥有自己的房子，在高级的私人高尔夫球场打球。 *The company encourages this . The company , in fact , will pay for their country club membership and all charges they incur(開支) there , and rewards salesmen who make a good impression on the golf course . 公司鼓励这种做法。实际上，公司为他们支付乡村俱乐部会员费以及他们在那里的所有开支，并且对那些在高尔夫球上给人留下深刻印象的销售人员给予
17、奖励。 *Unmarried men are not wanted in the Sales Department , not even widowers , 销售部不要未婚男士，甚至连丧偶的也不要， *for the company has learned from experience that it is difficult and dangerous for unmarried salesmen to mix socially with與社交來往 prominent executives and their wives or participate with them in respo
18、nsible civic affairs . 因为公司根据以往的经验得出，对未婚销售人员来说与前程似锦的高级管理人员以及他们的太太们进行社交来往或者参与重大的活动不仅很困难而且危险。 *If a salesmans wife dies and he is not ready to remarry , he is usually moved into an administrative position after several months of mourning . 如果一位销售人员的妻子去世了，而他又没有准备再婚，那么通常在丧期后的几个月内他就会调去做行政管理工作。 *They thri
19、ve on explicit guidance toward clear objectives . 他们在上司的点拨下获得成功，业绩蒸蒸日上。 There must be something in the makeup of a man that enables him not only to be a salesman , but to want to be one .一个人一定是具备某种特殊的性格和气质才使他不但从事销售工作而且想做一名销售人员。 * I am very good at these techniques of deception(欺騙), although I am not
20、 always able anymore to deceive myself . In fact , I am continuously astonished by people in the company who fall victim to their own propaganda .There are so many now who actually believe that what we do is really important . 虽然我不是总能欺骗我自己，但是却很擅长这些骗人的把戏。宣傳实际上，我经常为公司的人们被自己的宣传所欺骗而吃惊 ，现在有很多人相信我们所做的工作是非
21、常重要的。 *And its a dumb person whos convinced he is wise . 只有愚蠢的人才会自作聪明。 *Its a real problem to decide whether its more boring to do something boring than to pass along everything boring that comes in to somebody else and then have nothing to do at all . 要判断究竟是干令人生厌的工作更加烦人，还是将令人生厌的工作交给他人处理，然后无所事事更烦人，这
22、真是一个问题。 *Actually , I enjoy my work when the assignments are large and urgent and somewhat frightening and will come to the attention of many people . I get scared , and am unable to sleep at night , but I usually perform at my best under this stimulating (刺激)kind of pressure and enjoy my job the mo
23、st . I handle all of these important projects myself , and I rejoice with tremendous pride and vanity in the compliments I receive when I do them wel，l But between such peaks of challenge and elation興奮 there is monotony and despair . 实际上，当任务又大又紧而且有些令人生畏还会引起很多人的注意时，我就非常喜欢我的工作。我变得惴惴不安，而且夜不能寐。但在这种极有刺激的
24、压力下，我的表现最佳，也最喜欢我的工作。 我独自处理所有这些重大的项目，并且当我成功地完成时，我会因受到赞扬而沉浸在极大的自豪与虚荣之中。 但在这些挑战与兴奋的巅峰之间是单调与绝望。 Lesson Two Eveline伊芙林 *She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue大街. 她坐在窗前看着黄昏涌上大街。 *Her head was leaned against the window curtains , and in her nostrils鼻孔 was the odour 氣味of dusty cretonne
25、（印花棉布） . She was tired . 她的头靠在窗帘上，鼻孔里满是提花窗帘布上的尘土气味。她累了。 *Home ! She looked round the room , reviewing all its familiar objects which she had dusted once a week for so many years , wondering where on earth all the dust came from . 家!她环顾屋内，审视着这么多年来她每周都要掸擦一遍的一切熟悉的物品，心里奇怪究竟哪来的这么多灰尘。 She had consented to
26、 go away , to leave her home . Was what wise ? She tried to weigh each side of the question .In her home anyway she had shelter and food ; she had those whom she had known all her life about her . Of course she had to work hard , both in the house and at business . What would they say of her in the
27、stores when they found out that she had run away with a fellow ? Say she was a fool , perhaps; and her place would be filled up by advertisement。 Miss Gavan would be glad . She had always had an edge on her , especially whenever there were people listening . 她已经答应离开，离开自己的家。 这样做明智吗？她试着权衡这个问题的每一个方面。 在
28、家里不管怎么说她有吃有住；有她认识了一辈子的人在她身边。 当然她得拼命干活，不论是在家里还是在商店里。 如果商店里的人知道她和一个男人跑了，她们会怎么说她呢？也许说她是一个傻瓜；她们会登广告找别人代替她的位置。 加文小姐会很高兴。她总是要压她一头，尤其是有旁人听着的时候。 *She knew it was that that had given her the palpitations (心驚肉跳). 她知道正是因为这种担心才使她心惊肉跳。 *When they were growing up he had never gone for her , like he used to go for
29、 Harry and Ernest , because she was a girl ; but latterly he had begun to threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mothers sake . 她们长大以后，他还没有像他曾经打哈利和欧内斯特那样打过她，因为她是个女孩； 但最近他开始威胁地，说要不是因为她死去的母亲的缘故，他会怎样对待她。 Lesson Three Whats Wrong With Our Press? 我们的报纸问题何在？*Newspapers have two gre
30、at advantages over television 报纸与电视相比具有两大优越性。 They can be used by men as barriers against their wives . 男人可以把报纸作为阻隔妻子的屏障， *The fact is that although network television still allots分配 too little time to the vital service of informing the public , it does a better job in that little time than the nati
31、ons press as a whole . And when I speak of the nations press as a whole , I am not speaking of the five or six splendid newspapers -and the one great newspaper -which serve the world as models of responsible public information . 事实的，尽管电视节目在为人众提供信息方面，安排的时间很少， 但总的来 说就在这有限的时间内，它在全国新闻界中做得是最出色的。 这里我提到的全国
32、新闻界，不包括那五、六家尊贵的报社其中一家重要的报社一被当作是 全世界提供可靠消息的楷模。 *I am speaking of the local press which in hundreds of American communities is the only news available , aside from those recitals(復述) of ticker tape電訊稿 that pass for radio news . 我指的是那些当地报纸。在美国的几百个社区中，除了那些把电讯稿复述一遍充当新闻广播之外，大众惟一能得到的新闻就来自这 些报纸了，而它们并没有履行对大众
33、的义务。 *Television lives on advertising to an even greater extent than newspapers , and since advertising is big business , advertising is by nature Republican .yet nowhere in network newscasts or network commentaries on current events have I encountered the intense partisanship , the often rabid bias
34、 that colors the editorial pages of the majority of newspapers in this country . 电视比报纸依靠广告的程度甚至还要大，既然广告是笔大生意，广告从本质上就是亲共和党的。 然而无论在电视网的新闻节目中还是时事评论中，我都未遇到这个国家大多数报纸的社论版上所反映出的那强烈的党派性甚至常常是狂热无理的偏见。 *Fortunately for the American public , television does not tolerate the kind of distortion of fact , the kind
35、 of partisan virulence(惡毒攻擊) and personal peeve（怨恨） ,many newspapers not only welcome but encourage . 幸运的是对美国公众来说，电视不允许那种对事实的歪曲，那种党派间的恶毒攻击和个人怨恨的发泄，而这是许多报纸不仅欢迎而且鼓励的。 *A newspaper has the right -the duty even -to assume an attitude , to take a position . But it has an equally sacred(神聖的)right to expla
36、in that position in the light of the opposing one , to document that position , and to bolster(証實) it , not with emotion but with fact . 报纸有权利甚至有责任具有某种态度、采取某一立场，但它也有同样神圣的权利参照对立的观点来解释自己的立场，通过翔实的材料来证实这一立场，并运用事实而不是感情来支持这一立场。 *One of the greatest and most justified criticisms of television has been that
37、 in appealing to the largest audience possible , it neglects minority audiences and minority tastes . 对电视最强烈也是最有道理的批评历来就是：它为了吸引最大数量的观众，忽视了少数观众以及少数人的爱好 *This is still largely true . But there is , perhaps , one program a day and many , of course , on Sunday which an intelligent man or woman can enjoy
38、 and derive interest from . 这一批评在很大程度上仍是正确的。但是也许一天会有一个节目，当然星期日会有许多个节目，是能令聪明智慧的男女喜欢并产生兴趣的。 *In my trips east or west or north or south , I pick up the local paper to find this enjoyment or interest -in vain(都未能如願) . Now , surely theres something wrong here . 在我走南闯北的旅行中，每次拿起当地的报纸寻找我喜欢并感兴趣的东西，都未能如愿，显然这
39、里存在着某种问题。 *They have held their franchise(特權) so long that change has become inadmissible (不許可的). 报纸如此长期地享有特权，已经无法接受改变了。 Four 美国的养老政策*Though we have begun to examine the socially taboo(忌諱) subjects of dying and death , we have leaped over that that long period of time preceding death , we have leape
40、d over that long period of time preceding death known as old age . 虽然我们已开始研究有关临终和死亡这个为社会所忌讳的题目，但是我们却跳过了死亡来临之前、称为老年的那一段漫长的时间。 *Death is a dramatic one-time crisis while old age is a day-by day and year by year confrontation with (對抗)powerful external and internal forces , a bittersweet coming to term
41、s with ones own personality and ones life .。 死亡是富有戏剧性的一次性危机，而老年则一天天一年年都在与强大的内外力量抗争，是一种苦乐参半的逐渐适应自己的个性和生活的过程 *Our popular attitudes could be summed up as a combination of wishful thinking and stark terror . 可以把流行在我们之中的态度归纳为痴心妄想和赤裸裸的恐惧的结合。 *We base our feelings on primitive fears , prejudice(偏見) and st
42、ereotypes(墨守成規) rather than on knowledge and insight . 我们将感情建筑在原始的恐惧、偏见和墨守成规上而不是建筑在知识和远见之上。 *Old age is neither inherently miserable (痛苦的)nor inherently sublime(卓越的)-like every stage of life 老年既不是天生就是痛苦的，也不是天生就是美满的，正如生命中每一阶段一样， *The process of aging and eventual death must ultimately be accepted as
43、the natural progression of the life cycle , the old completing their prescribed life spans and making way for the young . Much that is unique in old age in fact derives from the reality of aging and the imminence (迫近)of death . 年老的过程及最后的死亡必须最终作为生命周期的自然进程被人们所接受，老人结束他们各自的寿数，为年轻人让路。 事实上，老年独特之处多是由于衰老这一现
44、实及死亡之逼近。 *For many elderly Americans old age is a tragedy, a period of quiet despair , deprivation desolation and muted rage . 对许多美国老年人来说，老年是个悲剧，是沉默绝望，各方面被剥夺、凄凉孤寂、无言的愤怒的时期， *This can be a consequence of the kind of life a person has led in younger years and the problems in his or her relationships w
45、ith others . 这种情况可能是一个人过去某种生活和他或她人际关系上存在的问题造成的后果， *There are also inevitable personal and physical losses to be sustained , some of which can become overwhelming and unbearable 同时还要承受无法避免的失去亲人或丧失身体机能的痛苦，有些可能会使人难以自拔，无法忍受。 *The tragedy of old age is not the fact that each of us must grow old and die b
46、ut that the process of doing so has been made unnecessarily and at times excruciatingly painful , humiliating , debilitating and isolating through insensitivity , ignorance and poverty . 老龄的悲剧并不是在于我们每个人正常变老和死亡，而是在于这过程被冷漠、愚昧和贫困搞得充满了不必要的，有时是难忍的痛苦屈辱、虚弱与孤独。 *The potentials for satisfactions and even tri
47、umphs in late life are real and vastly underexplored 晚年生活中取得满足甚至成功的可能性是确实存在的，而且还远远没有发掘出来。 *Poverty or drastically lowered income and old age go hand in hand . 贫困或收入的大幅度下降与老年携手而至， *People who are poor all their lives remain poor as they grow old . Most of us realize this . 一生贫困的人们老后仍然贫困，我们大多数人都认识到这一点
48、。Savings can be wiped out by a single unexpected catastrophe .只要一个意想不到的灾祸就可以将积蓄化为乌有。 *When Social Security becomes the sole o r primary income , it means subsistence level styles for many , and recent increases do not keep up with soaring costs of living . 当社会福利成为仅有的、主要的收入时，这对许多人就意味着仅能勉强维持生活，而且新增加的福
49、利金赶不上高涨的生活费用。 *Private pension plans often do not pay off , and pension payments that do come in are not tied to inflationary彌補 decreases in buying power. 各种非官方的养老金制度经常不能支付全部应付金额，而得到的养老金数 目又不能弥补由于通货膨胀而造成的购买力下降。 *Many more must deprive themselves of essentials to keep their homes in repair . 更多的人为了保持房子适于居住进行维修而不得不牺牲一些必需品。 *The American dream promised older people that if they worked hard enough all their lives , things would