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1、主讲人张菁华 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望专八冲刺讲座目录1专八写作大纲.32专八作文整体评分标准.43专八作文各项评分标准.54专八作文中常出现的问题.65专八作文命题范围.76专八作文命题组成.87专八作文应试策略.10 8专八作文中常见的语法错误.4292013专八作文真题分析.48十、专八作文参考题目.512 一、一、专八写作大八写作大纲能根据所给题目及要求撰写各类题材的文章，文章长度约400个单词；能做到内容充实、结构完整、语言通顺、用
2、词恰当、表达得体。写作速度为30分钟300-400个单词。3二、专八作文总体评分标准学生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的作文。行文必须语言通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰当，具有说服力。19-20分内容切题,完整,条理清楚,文章结构严谨,语法正确,语言通顺恰当,句式用词富有变化,基本无语言错误。15-18分内容切题,完整,条理较清楚,文章结构较严谨,语言比较通顺恰当,少量语法拼写错误。11-14分内容基本切题,完整,条理基本清楚,文章结构基本严谨,语言基本通顺恰当，少量严重错误,一些词使用不当。7-10分内容基本切题,完整,条理不够清楚,较明显的母语痕迹，较多语言错误,许多词使用不当
3、。3-6分内容偏题,不完整,思路混乱,语句不完整,只有少数句子可以理解,词汇拼写错误严重。4三、专八作文各项评分标准1.评评分分标标准：准：内容内容(content)结结构构(organization)语语言言(language)2.评评分方法：整体分方法：整体评评分法分法(global scoring)5四、专八作文中常出现的问题1.作文的论点未展开。没有在第一部分阐明观点，写了一题目关联不明显的细节和现象。2.作文结构不严谨；段落没有主题句，且句际/段落关系不明显。3.作文首尾不一致。作文开头与结尾部分内容衔接不上，或自相矛盾。4.作文中各种语篇纽带使用较少，以至缺乏连贯性。1）简单句多，
4、从句和连词的频率少。2）各种照应的使用少。3）关键词和同义/近义词出现的频率低。6 五、五、专八作文八作文命命题题范范围围社会社会热热点点问题问题:包括就业、环境、能源、媒体、交通、婚姻、伪劣商品、犯罪等。学校生活学校生活:学习方法、课堂活动、体育、人际关系、讲座、军训等等。科技科技:电脑、克隆、空间科学、交通工具、海洋资源、能源利用等。个人个人兴兴趣趣:业余爱好、生活方式、时尚、旅行等。青少年青少年问题问题:代沟、吸烟、理想、职业、减负等。7六、专八作文命题组成1.提供文章相关的背景和提示，给出题目或要求学生根据相关的背景和提示自拟题目2.对文章结构提出要求，包括在引言部分点题，在正文部分用
5、相关细节论述，在结尾部分做自然概括。82003-2013年专八作文真题20132013年年:IsaSoundSocialEnvironmentNecessaryforPeopletoBeIsaSoundSocialEnvironmentNecessaryforPeopletoBeGoodtoOthers?GoodtoOthers?20122012年：年：自自拟拟，谈谈谈谈手机手机对大学生交大学生交际的影响的影响20112011年：年：ShouldfamousChinesesitesofhistoricalinterestchargeShouldfamousChinesesitesofhisto
6、ricalinterestchargehigherfeesduringpeaktravelseasons?higherfeesduringpeaktravelseasons?20102010年：年：TheimportantroleofacityslocalconditionsintheTheimportantroleofacityslocalconditionsintheurbandesign.urbandesign.2009年：年：Are dialects just as acceptable in public places?2008年：年：What I have learned from
7、 years at university 2007年：自年：自拟拟，谈谈贫谈谈贫富差距是否影响友富差距是否影响友谊谊.2006年：年：On Ambition 2005年：自年：自拟拟，谈谈谈谈你你对对面面试试的看法。的看法。2004年：年：Should University Students Go in for Business?2003年：自年：自拟拟，与以前，与以前时时代的人相比，代的人相比，讨论讨论当今中国的年当今中国的年轻轻人是否更以自我人是否更以自我为为中心，缺乏同情心。中心，缺乏同情心。9 七、七、专专八作文八作文应试应试策略策略I.高效审题II.整理思路，写出论点句或主旨句(at
8、hesisstatement)即文章要讨论的主题+作者对主题的态度或看法1.WatchingTVhasbecomethebestalternativecourseforchildrenseducation.2.InAmericantoday,itseemsasifpeopledontcareabouthonestandlawfulbehavioranymore.3.Notjutemptystories,fairytalesshedlightonthepsychologyofyoungchildren4.Butwhatevertheadvantagesofthepackagetour,Ilike
9、travelingalonewiththefamilyorfriends.5.ButIarguethateuthanasia,evenifvoluntary,shouldnotbelegalized.10 论论点句不点句不仅仅要表达作者的要表达作者的态态度，度，还还需要根据要求需要根据要求对题对题目的范目的范围围进进行控制和确定。行控制和确定。1.Whateverpressures,academicorprofessional,experiencedbystudents,cheatingontheexamisnotallowed.2.Academicandprofessionalpressur
10、esmakeitunderstandablethatcheatingontheexamiswidespreadonthecampustoday.(sympathetic)3.Cheatingontheexamispopularonthecampustodaybecauseofacademicandprofessionalpressures.11III 列好作文提列好作文提纲纲TopicoutlineTitle:The Advantages of Taking a Part-time Job 1.Introduction:Therearemanyadvantagesoftakingapart-t
11、imejobforcollegestudents.(Thesisstatement)2.Theadvantagesoftakingapart-timejobA.BeingeconomicallyindependentB.HavingmoresocialexperienceC.Beinghelpfultotheiracademicstudies3.Conclusion:Beingbeneficialtothecollegestudents12SentenceOutlineTitle:TheAdvantagesofTakingaPart-timeJob1.Introduction:Thereare
12、manyadvantagesoftakingapart-timejobforcollegestudents.(Thesisstatement)2.Takingapart-timejobcandocollegestudentsalotgood.A.Collegestudentscanbeeconomicallyindependentbytakingapart-timejob.B.Collegestudentscangainmoresocialexperiencebytakingapart-timejob.C.Collegestudentscanimprovetheiracademicstudie
13、sbytakingapart-timejob.3.Conclusion:Takingapart-timejobisbeneficialtothecollegestudents13 Roughoutline Thesisstatement:Goingtocollegeisexpensive.1.Tuitionandotherfees2.Booksandsupplies3.Transportationcosts14IVIV写好引言段写好引言段 1.故事法故事法 LastSunday,Iwenttoourteachersdepartmentat10oclockintheevening.Iwassoa
14、mazingwhenIfoundhersix-year-olddaughterstilldoingherhomework.Shewassosleepythatshecouldntopenhereyes.Inspiteofthat,shedidntdareto sleep for she would be punished by the teacher if she didnt finish herhomework.Lookingather,dontyouthinkitisofgreatnecessityfortheschooltoreducehomework?(ShouldSchoolchil
15、drensHomeworkbeReduced?)152.2.惊惊语法法Eachyearthousandsuponthousandsofgraduatesfloodthejobmarket,wavingtheircollegediplomasandcertificates,expectingbetterjobsintheirmajors,onlytobefrustratedanddisappointedWhydocollegegraduatesfinditincreasinglydifficulttogetarewardingjob?163.引引语语法法“Aswedecideandchoose,
16、soareourlivesformed.Intheend,formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout”,asJosephEpsteinoncesaid.Inthisworld,almosteveryonehasanambition,nomatterwhetheritissignificantortrivial.Inmyopinion,everyperson,youngorold,poororrichshouldhavetheirownambitionbecauseeachhastochoosehiswayoflifeandhisdestiny;andam
17、bitiondecidesonesdestiny.174 问题问题法法WhyhaveIchosentoattendcollege?Isthefour-yearacademiclifeworthwhile?Afterponderingthesequestionsonmanyoccasions,IhavefinallyreachedtheconclusionthatcollegeeducationissomethingItrulywanttodoanditisworthwhile.185 5 数据法数据法AccordingtoarecentsurveybyChinaDaily,about15%pe
18、rcentofcollegegraduateshavedifficultiesfindingajobaftertheirgraduation,andthenumberseemstobeincreasing.196 6对立法立法Eversincetheeasingofschoolchildrensstudyburdenisadvocatedbyeducators,someteachersandparentsfrownatit,sayingthatitwillexertbadeffectsonthechildren.ButIthinkeasingschoolchildrensstudyburden
19、willdogoodtoschoolchildrenbothphysicallyandmentally.207.7.事事实描写法描写法Nowadayscollegestudentsareseenwaitingontables,cleaninginstores,advertisinginstreets,teachinginfamiliesanddingwhateverworktheycanfind.Ithasbecomefashionableforcollegestudentstodosomeoddjobsintheirsparetime.21V写好文章正文部分写好文章正文部分1.写好正文各个段
20、落的主题句2充分的展开段落展开方式:举例法、分类法、比较对照法、因果法、定义法。段落的组织方式:emphaticorder(orderofsignificance)重要性递增法3注意段落之间及句子之间的衔接22TransitionalExpressionsToshowaddition:again,and,also,besides,equallyimportant,first(second,etc.),further,furthermore,inaddition,inthefirstplace,lastbutnotleastTogiveexamples:forexample,forinstanc
21、e,infact,specifically,thatis,toforexample,forinstance,infact,specifically,thatis,toillustrate,asanillustration,inotherwords,suchas,namelyillustrate,asanillustration,inotherwords,suchas,namely moreover,next,too,moreimportantly,moreover,next,too,moreimportantly,23To compare:also,inthesamemanner,likewi
22、se,similarlyTo contrast:although,andyet,atthesametime,but,despite,eventhough,however,incontrast,inspiteof,nevertheless,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,still,though,yet24To summarize or conclude:allinall,inconclusion,inotherwords,inshort,insummary,onthewhole,thatis,therefore,tosumupTo show time:after,af
23、terward,as,aslongas,assoonas,atlast,before,during,earlier,finally,formerly,immediately,later,meanwhile,next,since,shortly,subsequently,then,thereafter,until,when,while25To show place or direction:above,below,beyond,close,elsewhere,fartheron,here,nearby,opposite,totheleft(north,etc.)To indicate logic
24、al relationship(to show cause and effect):accordingly,asaresult,because,consequently,forthisreason,hence,if,otherwise,since,so,then,therefore,thus26正文部分观点论述A或B模板Dependingonpersonalexperience,personalitytypeandemotionalconcern,wefindthatsomepeopleholdtheideaofAmeanwhileothersprefertoB,frommypointofvi
25、ew,itismoreadvisabletochoseAratherthanB.Myargumentsforthispointarelistedasfollows.ThemainreasonformypropensityforAisthat_.Forinstance,_.Anotherreasoncanbeseenbyeveryoneisthat_.Forexample,_.TheargumentIsupportinthefirstparagraphisalsoinapositionofadvantagebecause_.AlthoughIagreethattheremaybeacoupleo
26、fadvantagesofB,Ifeelthatthedisadvantagesaremoreobvious.Suchas_.(如果开头段和结尾段加起来只有100字左右，正文部分的空白处的字数在八级考试中需在200字左右，一般情况下开头和结尾总计达150左右，请大家对空白处灵活处理。能够多增加字数的地方在于Forinstance,Forexample,Suchas这些空白处，因举例并不是一句话能说完的。最后由文章主体段落自然过渡到结尾段落，得出结论如ThatiswhyitissagacioustosupportthestatementthatitisbettertoA.)27正文部分理由阐述式
27、模板Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,withtheadventof_(相关事物或现象),wehavetofaceaproblemthat_(主题问题).Whatarethereasonsforit?Inthefollowingparagraphs,Illventuretoexplorethereasons.Tostartwith,_(阐述原因1).Moreover,_(阐述原因2).Inaddition,_(阐述原因3).Inviewoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,effectivemeasuresshouldbetaken.Forone
28、thing,itishightimethatpeoplealloverChinarealizedtheimportanceof_(解决主题问题).Foranother,thegoventmentshouldissuestrictlawsandregulationsinordertoputthesituationundercontrol.AsfarasIamconcerned,thebestwayoutis_(解决方法).(最后自然过渡到结尾部分Consequently,Imconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause_.一篇好的专八作文中的结尾和开
29、头是相互呼应的，但结尾绝不是对开头的所谓重写，而是重申、升华或展望。专八作文大多为4段，其中主体为2段)28VI写好结尾部分结尾部分应该写得简洁明确、发人深省，突出强调文章的主旨。避免在结尾部分提出新的未加说明或论证的主题291 1复述式复述式However,inmyopinion,Iwouldratherplaceconfidenceinthefirstplace.Butwhy?Tosumup,Iwanttosay,beingconfidentisnotaclichbutanongoingtaskforeverypotentialwinner.（2002The Most Important
30、Personal Quality of a University student）302.展望式展望式Livinginthesuburbsisbecomingapredominantpattern,andwiththeimprovementoftrafficandtheperfectionofservices,itwillprovetoholdgreatsuperiorityovercitylife.(WhydoIChoosetoLiveItheSuburbs)313 建建议议式式Generally speaking,the disadvantages of private tutoringo
31、verweightheadvantages.Therefore,greateremphasisshouldbelaidon classroom teaching and practice,on theimprovement of teachingqualityandonthetappingofthepupilspotentialities.Onlyinthiswaycan a new generation be healthily brought up.(提出建议)（The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Tutoring）324 警示式警示式I
32、f we dont ease our school childrens burden now,justimaginewhatwouldbecomeofourchildreninafewyears:theireyes short-sighted,their backs hunched,they are nothing butbookworms(指出后果).Therefore,easingourchildrensburdenisnotonlyanecessity,butamust.(Ease Burden of Our School Children)335.Someproblemsinwriti
33、ngaconclusion1)ShoutemptyslogansDoitnow!Noelectricity,nopower,noworld,nofuture,nohumanbeings!2)ShowonesdeterminationImdeterminedtoovercomeanydifficultiesandstudyEnglishbetterinthefuture!Imustdomybesttomakeourcitygreener!)GiveasimplesummarySo,Ithinkthatmakingourcitygreenerisveryimportant.Therefore,no
34、electricityshouldbewasted.34VII.VII.用地道用地道语语言写地道作文言写地道作文1.选择词选择词化度高的表达方式化度高的表达方式1）WatchingtoomuchTVmakeschildrenunabletostudywell.改进：HeavyexposuretoTVexertsanundesirableinfluenceonchildrensstudy.2）Thisopportunitymakesmesharetheirexperienceandknowledge.改进：Thisopportunityallowsmetosharetheirexperience
35、andknowledge.3）Allthefactsmakemeconcludethatmoneydoesntmeaneverything.改进：Allthefactsleadmetoconcludethatmoneydoesntmeaneverything.4）TVmakespeoplehavefewchancestocommunicateeachother.改进：TVdeprivespeopleofthechancetocommunicateeachother.5）Herdeparturefrommylifealsomademebecometodistrustthefriendship.改
36、进：Herdepartureleadstomysuspiciononfriendship.6）Settingofffirecrackersmightmakepeopleslivesdangerous改进：Settingofffirecrackersmightendangerpeopleslives.352.用非人称主语句扮靓语言如：a.Ifpeopleonlyapplybookknowledge,theywillnotgetgoodresults.b.Theapplicationofbookknowledgealonewontbringpeoplegoodresults.变变人称主人称主语语句
37、句为为非人称主非人称主语语句的策略通常有以下几种：句的策略通常有以下几种：1）选用无生命事物做主语。如：The forty years,1840-80,broughtalmosttenmillionmigrantstoAmerica.The thick carpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps.Beijinghaswitnessedmanygreathistoricalevents.362）用it做形式主语 Itisnotourviewthatthesubstanceorthetoneofhisremarksthismorningwillcontributetocre
38、atingalastingpeaceintheMiddleEast.3）使用被动语态Notonlypolitenessbutanattitudeofreverenceisdemanded inchurch.Careshould be taken toseethattheletterisproperlyaddressed.4）用名词化做主语Thedoctorsextremelyquick arrivalanduncommonlycarefulexamination ofthepatientbroughtabouthisveryspeedyrecovery.Acarefulcomparisonbe
39、tweenlivinginthecountrysideandlivinginthecitywillshowthesuperiorityoftheformeroverthelater.37Ineconomicdevelopment,wemustcontrolourpopulation,conserveournaturalresourcesandprotectourenvironment.改进：Greatimportancemustbeattachedtopopulation control,the conservation of resources and environmental prote
40、ctionineconomicgrowth.Ifwedontrecognizetheseriousproblemofgrowingpopulation,wewillmakeabigmistake.改进：Failuretorecognizetheseriousnessofgrowingpopulationwillleadtoabigmistake.WealwaysbelievethatthesocialsystemsoftwosidesoftheStraitsshallnotpreventusfromaimingatcontactingandcooperating.改进：Wealwaysbeli
41、evethatthesocialsystemsoftwosidesoftheStraitsshallnotbean obstacle to our contact and cooperation.383.使用抽象名词使语句更加精炼，表达更加客观Themayorsaidthathewasverygratefulbecausetheconstructionworkerswereverydedicatedandcompetent.改进：Themayorexpressedhisappreciationofthededicationandcompetenceoftheconstructionworker
42、s.394.使用突显顺序(salientorder)组织语句（1）Inthefactory,allpeoplefromthecadrestotheworkersarepassionatelydedicatedtotheirwork.Thismadeadeepimpressiononme.改进：Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythepassionatededicationofallpeople,fromtheleadershipdowntoalltheworkers.（2）Moneyandpowerarewhatallchildrenhavebeenbroughtuptoseek.Bu
43、tIdidnotwantthem,sohewaspuzzled.改进：HewaspuzzledthatIdidnotwantwhatallchildrenhavebeenbroughtuptoseek:moneyandpower.（3）WhentheyhearthatinChina,throughoutmostofitshistory,extendedfamiliesofthreeorfourgenerationsliveunderthesameroof,theyareastonished.改进：TheyareastonishedtohearinChina,throughoutmostofit
44、shistory,extendedfamiliesofthreeorfourgenerationsliveunderthesameroof.40VIII检查检查检查标题检查标题。（）所有字母全部大写，如：（）所有字母全部大写，如：（）所有字母全部大写，如：（）所有字母全部大写，如：COMPETITIONORCO-OPERATIONCOMPETITIONORCO-OPERATIONCOMPETITIONORCO-OPERATIONCOMPETITIONORCO-OPERATION（）（）（）（）标题标题第一个第一个第一个第一个单词单词的首字母需大写，其后的的首字母需大写，其后的的首字母需大写，其
45、后的的首字母需大写，其后的单词实词单词实词大写，虚大写，虚大写，虚大写，虚词词不大写，如：不大写，如：不大写，如：不大写，如：InSupportofDormitoryPolicyInSupportofDormitoryPolicyInSupportofDormitoryPolicyInSupportofDormitoryPolicy检查检查introductionintroductionintroductionintroduction有没有有没有有没有有没有ThesisStatement;BodyThesisStatement;BodyThesisStatement;BodyThesisSta
46、tement;Body中的每一个中的每一个中的每一个中的每一个段是否有段是否有段是否有段是否有TopicSentence;TopicSentence;TopicSentence;TopicSentence;文章是否文章是否文章是否文章是否统统一、一、一、一、连贯连贯。检查单词检查单词拼写、固定搭配、句型等。拼写、固定搭配、句型等。拼写、固定搭配、句型等。拼写、固定搭配、句型等。41八、专八作文常见的语法错误1.Commasplices误用逗号连接句Mariotoldeveryoneintheroomtobequiet,hisfavoriteshowwason.1)分句各自独立成句，变成两个简单
47、句Mariotoldeveryoneintheroom.Hisfavoriteshowwason.2)用逗号加并列连词连接，变成一个并列句(fanboys:for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so)Iturnedtothewantads,butIknewmydreamjobwouldntbelisted.Lindawasverysleepy,forshestayedawakelastnight.Thecanoetouchedbottom,soDavepushedittowarddeeperwater.422.DanglingModifiers1.Whilereadingthenews
48、paper,mydogsatwithmeonthefrontsteps.2.Afterfinishinghisspeech,theaudiencewasinvitedtoaskquestions3.Todowellinsports,atrainingschedulemustbefollowed.4.Standingbythewindow,theparkoppositeourhouseisinfullview.5.Fromattendingclass,theprinciplesofchemistryweremadeclear.6.Todevelopalivelywritingstyle,allk
49、indsofsentencestructuresshouldbeused.7.Whenonlythreeyearsold,myfathertookmetoacircus.433.MisplacedModifiersGeorgecouldntdrivetoworkinhissmallsportscarwithabrokenleg.Themonkeysattractvisitorswithsheerstonefaces.Thenewsboywalkedhisbicycletothehouseofhisfirstcustomerwhowasburdenedwithnewspapers.444.Fra
50、gmentIwontleavethehouse.UntilIhearfromyou.BecauseIamexhausted.Ihurriedbackhome.Charlesmakesyousmile.Whenyouaresad.Heboughtausedcar.Inspiteofmywarning.Wesatbacktowatchthemovie.Notexpectinganythingspecial.Tooursurprise,weclapped,cheered,andcriedforthenexttwohours.Beforearace,Ieatmanyfoods.Suchasbreada