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1、非谓语动词讲解及练习：分词（The participle）分词有现在分词（the Present Participle）和过去分词（the Past Participle），在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。 一、分词的形式 1.现在分词 现在分词 Vt. (write) Vi. (go) 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 一般式 完成式 Eg.) He hurried home, _ (look) behind at times. _ (tell) many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. _ (not get) well prepar
2、ed, they decided to put off the meeting. _ (never operate) a computer, he met with a lot of difficulties. 2.过去分词-一般表示完成的和被动的动作,只有一种形式, 即:动词的过去分词 3.否定形式-not +分词 二、分词的句法功能: 1. 作表语： 现在分词作表语:一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征, “令人”的意思, 主语多数情况是sth. 过去分词作表语: 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受, “感到的”,主语多数情况是sb. exciting, excited annoying,
3、annoyed amazing, amazed amusing, amused astonishing, astonished boring, bored confusing, confused disappointing, disappointed encouraging, encouraged embarrassing, embarrassed frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired eg.) 1.The result was _ (surprising, surprised) They were _ (surprising, surpri
4、sed) at the news. 2.作定语： (单词前置, 分词短语后置；修饰代词时后置) A. 现在分词表示正在进行的动作;过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 boiling water, boiled water; developing country, developed country; falling leaves, fallen leaves rising sun, risen sun, etc. B. 表示情感心理的Vt的分词可修饰名词,作前置定语。 Eg.) He told us the _ (exciting, excited) news. The _ (exciting, e
5、xcited) pupils jumped with joy. 注意: 过分除修饰sb.以外,还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词, 说明主语的心理状态。 Eg.) He had a _ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes. The boy answered in a _ (frightening, frightened) voice. C.作定语时的位置 单个分词前置, 分词短语后置, 修饰代词时后置-单个分词作定语时，一般放在它所修饰的名词前; 分词短语作定语时，一般放在它所修饰的名词后; 分词在修饰由some/any/no + thing/body
6、/one所形成的不定代词或those之后 单个分词前置 a neighboring town an unexpected guest the exciting news 例外:These plastic bottles used can be recycled. (有时单个的分词放在分词后面,用于强调动作) Do you know the number of books ordered? 分词短语后置 eg.) I dont know the doctor_ (seat) at the back. The goods _ (import) from abroad yesterday remai
7、n in good condition. 分词修饰由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或those时,分词在这些词之后 eg.) Those laughing are considered impolite. Anyone swimming will be punished. D. 作定语时, 要注意分词所表示动作的发生时间: 表示正在进行的动作 eg.) Tell the children ( _ _ )playing there not to make too much noise. 表示经常性动作或现在/当时的状态 eg.) I used to li
8、ve in a room facing (=_ _ ) south. 其他情况,一般不用现在分词短语作定语,而用定语从句 eg.)The man who came this morning is our headmaster. (过去时) The students who will attend the meeting (=_ attend the meeting) will arrive here tomorrow. Is there anyone who can answer this question? Those who have finished their work can go
9、home now. (完成时) 注:现在分词完成式不能用作定语修饰名词。 Eg.) The builders having completed the hotel were given prizes. ( ) 改为: The builders _ _completed the hotel were given prizes. 区别： the performances being put on at present the performances put on yesterday the performances to be put on tomorrow E.分词和动名词修饰名词时的意义区别
10、: a swimming boy, a swimming pool a walking dictionary, a walking stick running water, running track 3.作宾语(主语)补足语： 如下V.后可跟分词作宾语补足语： see, watch, hear, feel, find, notice, observe, catch; have, get, keep, leave, etc. Eg.)His lecture got us_ (think). He got his bike _ (repair) just now. He watched the
11、bed _ (carry) out of the door. He felt a great weight _ (take ) off his mind. 他感到心头如释重负。 How would you like your hair _ (cut)? 4.作状语：-_ A.作时间状语： eg.)_ (hear) the bad news, they couldnt help crying. = _, they couldnt help crying. When/ While( _ _ ) _ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed b
12、y the citys new look. While/When (I was) _ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer. _ (finish) his work, he went home. =_, he went home. B.作原因状语： Eg.) _ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad. =_, he could not afford to travel abroad. _ (encourage) by his heroic deeds
13、, they worked harder. _ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post. _ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away. _ (not know) her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. _ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost. _ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up. =_. C.方式/
14、伴随状语; Eg.)She watched the film, _ (weep ) and _ (sigh). The teacher stood there, _ (surround) by a lot of students. D.作条件状语： Eg.)_ (give) another chance, I would have done the job far better. =_ , I would have done the job far better. (If) _ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time. E.作结果状语
15、：(意料中的结果) Eg.) The hunters fired, _(shoot) one of the wolves. The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus _ (cause) the delay. 区别: 不定式表示意外的结果 eg.) He hurried to the station, only _ (find) the train had left. F.作让步状语： Eg.)Though _ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. = _, it cleared up very soon.
16、Though _ (tell) of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 分词作状语时, 需注意事项: A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是_ : _ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you can see the whole city. B.分词短语的位置: 一般来说,时间,原因,条件,让步等分词短语多放在句首;而表结果,伴随的分词短语放在句尾. Eg.)Finding the door locked, Tom went home. ( _ ) Tom went home, finding the door locked. （_）