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1、此材料由网络搜集而来，如有侵权请告知上传者立即删除。材料共分享，我们负责传递知识。英语演讲稿：食品平安est. a third to a half of the population are introverts - a third to a half. so thats one out of every two or three people you know. so even if youre an extrovert yourself, im talking about your coworkers and your spouses and your childrenand the pe
2、rson sitting next to you right now - all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society. we all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what were doing.这确实是特别多内向的人正在做的事情 这因而是我们的损失 但这同样也是同事们的损失 我们所在团队集体的损失 因而，冒着被指为夸大其词的风险我想说，更是世界的损失 由于当涉及制造和领导
3、的时候 我们需要内向的人做到最好 三分之一到二分之一的人都是内向的- 三分之一到二分之一 你要明白这可意味着每两到三个人中就有一个内向的 因而即便你本人是一个外向的人 我正在说你的同事 和你的配偶和你的小孩 还有现在正坐在你旁边的那个家伙- 他们都要屈从于如此的偏见 一种在我们的社会中已经扎根的现实偏见 我们从特别小的时候就把它藏在内心最深处 甚至都不说几句话，关于我们正在做的事情。now to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion is. its different from being shy. shyn
4、ess is about fear of social judgment. introversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including social stimulation. so extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched-on and their most capable when theyre in qui
5、eter, more low-key environments.not all the time - these things arent absolute - but a lot of the time. so the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.现在让我们来明晰地对待这种偏见 我们需要真正理解内向rdquo;到底指什么 它和害羞是不同的 害羞是关于社会评论的恐惧 内向更多的是 你如何样关于刺激
6、作出回应 包括来自社会的刺激 事实上内向的人是特别渴求大量的鼓舞和鼓舞的 反之内向者最感遭到他们的存在 这是他们精力最充足的时候，最具有才能的时候 当他们存在于更安静的，更低调的环境中 并不是所有时候-这些事情都不是绝对的- 但是存在于特别多时候 因而说，关键在于 把我们的天赋发挥到最大化 这关于我们来说就足够把我们本人 放到关于我们正确又适宜的鼓舞的区域中去。but now heres where the bias comes in. our most important institutions, our schools and our workplaces, they are desig
7、ned mostly for extroverts and for extroverts need for lots of stimulation. and also we have this belief system right now that i call the new groupthink,which holds that all creativity and all productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place.但是现在偏见出现了 我们最重要的那些体系 我们的学校和工作单位 它们都是为性格外向者设计的 同时有适宜他们需
8、要的刺激和鼓舞 因而我们现在也有如此一种信誉机制 我称它为新型的团队考虑rdquo; 这是一种包含所有制造力和消费劲的考虑方式 从一个社交特别零散的地点产生的。so if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: when i was going to school, we sat in rows. we sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.but nowadays, your typical classroom has po
9、ds of desks - four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other. and kids are working in countless group assignments. even in subjects like math and creative writing, which you think would depend on solo flights of thought, kids are now expected to act as committee members. and for the kids wh
10、o preferto go off by themselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or, worse, as problem cases. and the vast majority of teachers reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert, even though introverts actually get better grades and are m
11、ore knowledgeable, according to research. (laughter)当你描绘今天典型教室的图案时 当我还上学的时候 我们一排排地坐着 我们靠着桌子一排排坐着就像如此 同时我们大多数工作都是自觉完成的 但是在现代社会，所谓典型的教室 是些圈起来并排的桌子- 四个或是五个或是六、七个小孩坐在一起，面对面 小孩们要完成无数个小组任务 甚至像数学和创意写作这些课程 这些你们认为需要依托个人闪光方法的课程 小孩们现在却被期待成为小组会的成员 关于那些喜欢 独处，或者本人一个人工作的小孩来说 这些小孩常常被视为局外人 或者更糟，被视为征询题小孩 同时特别大一部分老师的报
12、告中都相信 最理想的学生应该是外向的 相关于内向的学生而言 甚至说外向的学生能够获得更好的成绩 更加博学多识据研究报道 (笑声)okay, same thing is true in our workplaces. now, most of us work in open plan offices,without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers. and when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinely passed
13、over for leadership positions,even though introverts tend to be very careful, much less likely to take outsize risks -which is something we might all favor nowadays. and interesting research by adam grant at the wharton school has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than ext
14、roverts do, because when they are managing proactive employees, theyre much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly, get so excited about things that theyre putting their own stamp on things, and other peoples ideas might not as easily the
15、n bubble up to the surface.好了。同样的事情也发生在我们工作的地点 现在呢，我们中的绝大多数都工作在宽阔没有隔间的办公室里 甚至没有墙 在这里，我们暴露 在不断的噪音和我们同事的凝视目光下工作 而当谈及领袖气质的时候 内向的人总是按照惯例从领导的位置被无视了 尽管内向的人是特别小心细心的 特别少去冒特大的风险- 这些风险是今天我们可能都喜欢的 宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的亚当格兰特教授做了一项特别有意思的研究 这项研究说明内向的领导们 相关于外向领导而言总是会消费更大的效益 由于当他们治理主动积极的雇员的时候 他们更倾向于让有主见的雇员去自由发挥 反之外向的领导就可能，
16、因而是不经意的 关于事情变得十分激动 他们在事务上有了本人方法的印迹 这使其别人的方法可能就不会特别容易地 在舞台上发光了。now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts. ill give you some examples. eleanor roosevelt, rosa parks, gandhi - all these peopled described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy. and they al
17、l took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to. and this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm,not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;they we
18、re there because they had no choice, because they were driven to do what they thought was right.事实上，历史上一些有改革才能的领袖都是内向的人 我会举一些例子给你们 埃莉诺罗斯福，罗沙帕克斯，甘地 - 所有这些人都把本人描绘成 内向，说话温柔甚至是害羞的人 他们仍然站在了聚光灯下 即便他们浑身上下 都感知他们说不要 这证明是一种属于它本身的特别的力量由于人们都会感受这些领导者同时是掌舵者 并不是由于他们喜欢指挥别人 抑或是享受众人目光的聚焦 他们处在那个位置由于他们没有选择， 由于他们行驶在他们认为
19、正确的道路上。now i think at this point its important for me to say that i actually love extroverts. i always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts, including my beloved husband. and we all fall at different points, of course, along the introvert/extrovert spectrum. even carl jung, the psychol
20、ogist who first popularized these terms, said that theres no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure extrovert. he said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum, if he existed at all. and some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum, and we call these people ambivert
21、s. and i often think that they have the best of all worlds. but many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.现在我觉得关于这点我有必要说 那确实是我确实喜欢外向的人 我总是喜欢说我最好的几个朋友都是外向的人 包括我亲爱的丈夫 因而了我们都会在不同点时偏向 内向者/外向者的范围 甚至是卡尔荣格，这个让这些名词为群众所熟知的心理学家，说道 世上绝没有一个纯粹的内向的人 或者一个纯粹的外向的人 他说如此的人会在精神病院里 假设他存在的话 还有一些人处在中间的迹象
22、在内向与外向之间 我们称这些人为中向性格者rdquo; 同时我总是认为他们拥有世界最美妙的一切 但是我们中的大多数总是认为本人属于内向或者外向，其中一类。and what im saying is that culturally we need a much better balance. we need more of a yin and yang between these two types. this is especially important when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because when psychol
23、ogists look at the lives of the most creative people, what they find are people who are very good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas, but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.同时我想说从文化意义上讲我们需要一种更好的平衡 我们需要更多的阴阳的平衡 在这两品种型的人之间 这点是极为重要的 当涉及制造力和消费劲的时候 由于注意理学家们对待 最有制造力的人的生命的时候 他们寻找到的
24、 是那些擅长变换思维的人 提出方法的人 但是他们同时也有着极为明显的偏内向的痕迹。and this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity. so darwin, he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations.theodor geisel, better known as dr. seuss, he dreamed up many of his amazing creat
25、ions in a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his house in la jolla, california. and he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly santa claus-like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved
26、persona. steve wozniak invented the first apple computer sitting alone in his cubical in hewlett-packard where he was working at the time. and he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.这是由于独处是特别
27、关键的要素 关于制造力来说 因而达尔文 本人一个人漫步在小树林里 同时断然回绝了晚餐派对的邀约 西奥多盖索，更多时候以苏索博士的名号知名 他梦想过特别多的惊人的创作 在他在加利福尼亚州拉霍亚市房子的后面的 一座孤单的束层的塔形办公室中 而且事实上他特别害怕见面 见那些读过他的书的年轻的小孩们 害怕他们会期待他 如此一位令人愉快的，圣诞老人形象的人物 同时又会因觉察他委婉沉默的性格而无望 史蒂夫沃兹尼亚抑制造了第一台苹果电脑 一个人单独坐在他的机柜旁 在他当时工作的惠普公司 同时他说他永远不会在那方面成为一号专家 但他还没因太内向到要离开那儿 那个他成长起来的地点。now of course,
28、this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating - and case in point, is steve wozniak famously coming together with steve jobs to start apple computer - but it does mean that solitude matters and that for some people it is the air that they breathe. and in fact, we have known for centuries
29、about the transcendent power of solitude. its only recently that weve strangely begun to forget it. if you look at most of the worlds major religions, you will find seekers - moses, jesus, buddha, muhammad -seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness where they then have profound
30、 epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of the community. so no wilderness, no revelations.因而了 这并不意味着我们都应该停顿合作- 恰当的例子呢，是史蒂夫沃兹尼亚克和史蒂夫乔布斯的著名联手 创立苹果电脑公司- 但是这并不意味着和独处有严峻关系 同时关于一些人来说 这是他们赖以呼吸生存的空气 事实上，几个世纪以来我们已经特别明白 独处的出色力量只是到了最近，特别惊奇，我们开始遗忘它了 假设你看看世界上主要的宗教 你会觉察探寻者- 摩西，耶稣，佛祖，穆罕默
31、德 - 那些独身去探寻的人们 在大自然的原野中独处，思索 在那儿，他们有了深化的顿悟和关于奥义的提示 之后他们把这些思想带回到社会的其他地点去没有旷原，没有启示。this is no surprise though if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology. it turns out that we cant even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions. even about seemingly p
32、ersonal and visceral things like who youre attracted to, you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you without even realizing that thats what youre doing.尽管这并不令人惊奇 假设你留意到现代心理学的思想理论 它反映出来我们甚至不能和一组人待在一起 而不去天分地模仿他们的意见与方法 甚至是看上去私人的，发自内心的事情 像是你被谁所吸引 你会开始模仿你四周的人的信仰 甚至都觉察不到你本人在做什么。and groups fa
33、mously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room, even though theres zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas - i mean zero. so . (laughter) you might be following the person with the best ideas, but you might not. and do you really wa
34、nt to leave it up to chance? much better for everybody to go off by themselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group dynamics, and then come together as a team to talk them through in a well-managed environment and take it from there.还曾跟随群体的意见 跟随着房间里最具有统治力的，最有领袖气质的人的思路 尽管这确实没
35、什么关系 在成为一个出色的演讲家仍然拥有最好的主意之间- 我的意思是零相关rdquo; 那么.(笑声) 你们或许会跟随有最好头脑的人 但是你们也许不会 可你们确实想把这时机扔掉吗?假设每个人都本人行动或许好得多 开掘他们本人的方法 没有群体动力学的曲解 接着来到一起组成一个团队 在一个良好治理的环境中互相交流 同时在那儿学习别的思想。now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces? and why
36、 are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time? one answer lies deep in our cultural history. western societies, and in particular the u.s., have always favored the man of action over the man of contemplation and man of contemplation. but i
37、n americas early days, we lived in what historians call a culture of character, where we still, at that point, valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude. and if you look at the self-help books from this era, they all had titles with things like character, the grandest thing in the world. and they featured role models like abraham lincoln who was praised for being modest and unassuming. ralph waldo emerson called him a man who does not offend by superiority.