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1、世纪大学实用英语综合教程第二册 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望Unit 2 Mistaken IdentityText A Mistaken Identity Starter Background Information Text Understanding Language Points Exercises Writing Starter:Mistaken Identity Have you ever been mistaken for some
2、one else?Or do you know someone who has been mistaken for another person?Please share your story with your classmates.Background InformationMark Twain(1835-1910)Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens,one of the major authors of American fiction.Twain is also considered the greatest
3、humorist in American literature.Twains varied works include novels,travel narratives,short stories,sketches,and essays.His writings about the Mississippi River,such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,Life on the Mississippi,and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,have been especially popular among modern re
4、aders.7-Eleven7-Eleven,Inc.is the worlds largest operator,franchiser and licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units worldwide.Founded in Dallas,Texas in 1927 as an ice company,7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept during its early years when its ice docks began selling mil
5、k,bread and eggs as a convenience to customers.The name 7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m.until 11 p.m.Today,offering customers 24hour convenience,seven days a week is the cornerstone of 7-Elevens business.Understanding the Text In the text,Mark Twain tells how he was
6、given nice treatment because he was mistaken for someone else.Reading Analysis Part 1(Para.1)Part 1(Para.1)Though thinking himself to be well known,Mark Twain failed to get the train tickets he needed.Mark Twain asked for two train tickets three times and was answered with a sharp“No!”each time.Even
7、 the mention of his name did not work.Mark Twain felt ashamed as his company saw that his name was not so respected as he thought.TopicDetailsReading Analysis Part 2(Para.2-5)Part 2(Para.2-5)Mark Twain was invited by the conductor to get onto the train.A young porter whispered something to the condu
8、ctor while nodding towards Mark Twain.At once the conductor came to Mark Twain and invited him to the big family compartment on the train.TopicDetailsReading Analysis Part 3(Para.6-8)Part 3(Para.6-8)Mark Twain received good service on the train.The porter took their suitcases and settled them comfor
9、tably in the luxurious compartment.He smiled a lot and promised to get them anything they wanted.TopicDetailsReading Analysis Part 4(Para.9-12)Part 4(Para.9-12)Mark Twain got to know why he was given such nice treatment.From what the porter said,Mark Twain knew that he had been invited onto the trai
10、n as the mayor of New York,not because he was Mark Twain,the famous writer.TopicDetailsLanguage PointsMark Twain/马克马克吐温吐温（18351910，美国作家，以语言幽默见美国作家，以语言幽默见 长，主要作品有长篇小说哈克贝里长，主要作品有长篇小说哈克贝里费恩历险费恩历险记等）记等）identity/n/:n.who or what sb./sth.is 身份身份adapt/:vt.make(sth.)suitable for a new use,situation,etc.;alt
11、er or modify(a text)for television,etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写使适应，使适合；改编，改写 railway/:n.track with rails for trains to run on 铁路；铁道铁路；铁道I was to take the sleeper train there:I planned to take the sleeper train there.我计划在那儿搭乘卧车。我计划在那儿搭乘卧车。The structure“be to do sth.”is often used to talk about arrangements whic
12、h have been planned.e.g.The Queen is to visit Japan next year.The sports meet is to take place on May 28女王计划明年访问日本。女王计划明年访问日本。运动会定于运动会定于5月月28日举行。日举行。platform/:n.(at a railway station)flat surface built next to and at a higher level than the track,where passengers get on and off trains（火车（火车站的）站台站的）站
13、台,月台月台 e.g.I stepped from the platform into the train.我由站台登上列车。我由站台登上列车。The Beijing train will depart(or leave)from platform six.开往北京的列车将从开往北京的列车将从6号站台开出。号站台开出。swarm/:vi.move in large numbers(in the specified direction)成群地（朝某方向）移动成群地（朝某方向）移动 e.g.Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。烂苹果上爬
14、满了蚂蚁。The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。in sb.s face:directly into,straight onto,sb.s face;in front of sb.without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着对着某人的面；当着某人的面某人的面 e.g.“I dont want to see you，”Mary said to jack,and with these words she shut the door in his face.“我不想见你，我
15、不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。在了门外。I told the boys that they were wrong,but they laughed in my face.我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。dignity/:n.quality that earns or deserves respect;true worth 尊贵；尊严尊贵；尊严 e.gMy mother is a woman of great dignity.我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。What
16、ever happens,we must not lose our human dignity.无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。at the same time:at once;together;however;but,nevertheless 同时；一起；然而；但是，不过同时；一起；然而；但是，不过 e.g.Besides his company,grandfather was running a farm at the same time,so he must have been a very busy man.除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经
17、营着一家农场，所以他一定是除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。个大忙人。I understand that,but at the same time I think its a mistake.这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。John did pass the test;at the same time,he didnt know the subject very well.约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。asked him if I couldnt=I a
18、sked him if I could The negation is used to indicate that the speaker is more polite and feels less likely to get what he asks.否定的用法表示说话者的态度更客气，估计否定的用法表示说话者的态度更客气，估计自己的要求不太可能得到满足。自己的要求不太可能得到满足。cut short:stop(sb.)doing or saying sth.;stop doing(sth.)usu.Suddenly 打断（某人）；中断打断（某人）；中断（某事）（某事）e.g.John tri
19、ed to say something,but Frank cut him short.约翰想说点什么，但是弗兰克打断了他。约翰想说点什么，但是弗兰克打断了他。I hate to cut you short,but we are really running out of time.我真不愿打断你，不过我们确实没有多少时间了。我真不愿打断你，不过我们确实没有多少时间了。turn ones back on:refuse to help(sb.in trouble or need);turn away from(sb./sth.)rudely;refuse to have anything(mor
20、e)to do with(sb./sth.)拒绝帮助；拒绝帮助；对对掉头不顾；不理睬；拒绝掉头不顾；不理睬；拒绝He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money,even if other people think we are good friends!尽管别人以为我们俩是好朋友，但如果我向他借钱尽管别人以为我们俩是好朋友，但如果我向他借钱,他肯定会拒绝我的。他肯定会拒绝我的。Tim has always been kind to me I cant just turn my back on him now that he needs my
21、 help.吉姆一直对我很好，现在他需要我帮助，我不能对吉姆一直对我很好，现在他需要我帮助，我不能对他置之不理。他置之不理。expect/:vt.think or believe that(sth.)will happen or that(sb./sth)will come 预料，预料，预计；期待，盼望预计；期待，盼望 I didnt expect you to be back so soon.我没料到你这么快就回来了。我没料到你这么快就回来了。Im expecting a phone call from America.我在等美国来的电话。我在等美国来的电话。We expect that f
22、ifty guests will come.我们预计会有我们预计会有50位客人来。位客人来。I didnt expect to see you here.我没有料到会在这儿见到你。我没有料到会在这儿见到你。treat/:vt.act or behave in a certain way towards(sb.);deal with or discuss(a subject);give medical or surgical care to(sb.or a condition)对待对待（某人）；处理；讨论（问题）；医疗，医治（某人）；处理；讨论（问题）；医疗，医治(某人某人或疾病或疾病)He j
23、ust doesnt know how to treat someone like Mr.Johnson.他真不知道该怎样对待约翰逊先生这样的人。他真不知道该怎样对待约翰逊先生这样的人。Its impossible to treat this subject fully in such a short talk.在这样简短的发言里不可能全面论述这个问题。在这样简短的发言里不可能全面论述这个问题。The doctors hope to treat his illness successfully.医生们希望能治好他的病。医生们希望能治好他的病。in a state not to be descr
24、ibed:not to be described 是修饰是修饰state的定语。的定语。describe/:vt.say what(sb./sth.)is like;depict(sth.)in words 描写，描述；形容描写，描述；形容 E.g.Can you think of any other words to describe Mary?你想得出任何别的词来描述玛丽吗？你想得出任何别的词来描述玛丽吗？Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene.景色之美难以用词语描绘。景色之美难以用词语描绘。Even if they did know w
25、ho you were:“Do”can be put in front of a verb to show emphasis.在动词前加在动词前加do表示强调。表示强调。e.g.She does talk a lot,doesnt she?她确实话很多，不是吗？她确实话很多，不是吗？I don t exercise much now,but I did play football quite a bit when I was younger.我现在不怎么锻炼了，不过我年轻时确实常踢足球。我现在不怎么锻炼了，不过我年轻时确实常踢足球。said very politely that my name
26、 was Mark Twain and could I have but he cut me short again:said后面有两个宾语从句，后面有两个宾语从句，my name was Mark Twain 和和 could I have。从语法的角度看，第二个从句应使用间接引语从语法的角度看，第二个从句应使用间接引语if I could have。作者在这里使用直接引语作者在这里使用直接引语could I have的目的是模仿当时说话的情形，以便和下文的目的是模仿当时说话的情形，以便和下文“但他又一次打断了我但他又一次打断了我”更好地衔接起来。破折更好地衔接起来。破折号表示尚未说出口的号
27、表示尚未说出口的two tickets。He must have heard your name well enough.:“must+have done”is a structure used for deductions about the past.must+have done 是一种用于推测过去情况的结是一种用于推测过去情况的结构。构。e.g.Dad must have thrown the old newspapers away.爸爸一定是把旧报纸都扔掉了。爸爸一定是把旧报纸都扔掉了。The windows are open.Someone must have been in the
28、 room.窗户都开着。肯定有人在房间里待过。窗户都开着。肯定有人在房间里待过。I cant believe him to have said such a thing:The perfect infinitive,such as“to have said,”usually indicates actions or events that took place in the past.像像to have said这样的不定式的完成时通常表示过去发这样的不定式的完成时通常表示过去发生的动作或事件。本文中同样的用法还有接下去的一生的动作或事件。本文中同样的用法还有接下去的一句句Cant imagi
29、ne you to have been spoken to like that及第及第10段中的段中的I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.和和I am glad to have come along with you.dispose/:v.(+of+obj.)arrange;settle;deal with 安排；料理；处理安排；料理；处理 e.g.They disposed of the citys waste in the sea.他们把城市垃圾倒在海里处理掉。他们把城市垃圾倒在海里处理掉。He d
30、oes not know how to dispose of his time.他不知道如何安排自己的时间。他不知道如何安排自己的时间。at sb.s disposal:able to be used by sb.;available for sb.to use as he or she wishes 供某人使用；由某人支供某人使用；由某人支配配 e.g.Im at your disposal the whole morning.整个上午我听候你的吩咐。整个上午我听候你的吩咐。The car was left at her disposal.这辆车留给她用。这辆车留给她用。翻译翻译翻译翻译If
31、 I had been without you,I should never have got a ticket:这是虚拟语气，表示与事实完全相反的假设情况。这是虚拟语气，表示与事实完全相反的假设情况。e.g.I didnt say hello because I didnt see you.If I had seen you,of course I would have said hello.我没打招呼是因为我没看见你。如果我看见你的话，我没打招呼是因为我没看见你。如果我看见你的话，我肯定会打招呼的。我肯定会打招呼的。Z VocabularyZ StructureZ TranslationE
32、xerciseFill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the forms where necessary.Vocabulary-Fill in1-1scene official politely companion describe shame vacant bother recognize notice 1.The boys say they wouldnt the girls if the girls dont them!2.Lisa is looking for a travelling to China.3.on me!
33、I forgot my mothers birthday again.4.A number of foreign attended the forum（论坛）last week.5.His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to he was running out of gas.6.I hadnt seen him for 20 years,but I him immediately.bother _companion_officials_recognized_ bother _Shame_notic
34、e _Turn left to Mirror Street,and youll find a spot in the parking lot there.A quiet country can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.Today we look at how to refuse an offer of food or drink.Could you please what we are supposed to do?7.8.9.10.vacant _ politely_describe _scene _Fill in the blan
35、ks with the expressions given below.Change the forms where necessary.in sb.s face cut sb.shortturn ones back on a couple oflook around at the same time turn sth.inside out at sb.s disposal“Well,well,thats enough,”Grandpa him just as he was about to tell another story.Guests will find a television ro
36、om,a swimming pool and a library .Youve got to be firm,but you must be sympathetic.After that he walked out of the room and shut the door her .1.2.3.4.at the same time _at their disposal_cut shortin_face_You cannot this problem and leave us with the responsibility.Not until yesterday did I know that
37、 the Whites live just doors up from me.We the house and upside down but didnt find Gwen.in your garden or school plants and flowers are growing everywhere.5.6.7.8.turn your back on _a couple of _turned_inside out _Look around _Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets i
38、nto English.Model:You must have misunderstood him.He may not have heard my name.1.The children look so excited.They must have seen the tickets for tonights play.Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.He 2._ must have been here many times._(一定是看到今晚的一定是看到今晚的戏票了票了)(肯定来肯定来过这儿好多次了儿好多次了)The meat ha
39、s been on the table for two days.It .Mary ,or she would have thanked me in her letter.4.3.may have gone bad(可能已可能已经坏了坏了)may not have received the present(也也许还没收到礼物没收到礼物)_Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.Model:Just now I said all those things to you on the platform.No
40、w I am sorry.I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams.And she was glad.Youve eaten all the fruit in the basket.Arent you ashamed?2.1.Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams._Arent you ashamed to h
41、ave eaten all the fruit in the basket?_4.3.We received so much care during our visit here.We are really grateful.Henry trusted such a liar!Hes foolish.We are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here._Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar._Translate the following se
42、ntences into English.1.公众注意到自从那位地方官公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的离去之后，他的职位已位已经空了几个月了。空了几个月了。The public noticed that since that local official left,his position had been vacant for a couple of months.看到女孩在站台上无助地四下看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年望，年轻的搬运工客气地的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。她是否需要帮助。2.Seeing the girl looking around helplessly on
43、 the platform,the young porter asked politely if she needed any help.3.你的同伴在你的同伴在门口一露面我就口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door.He looked just as you had described._我我们省去了找旅省去了找旅馆的麻的麻烦，因，因为我的好朋友邀我的好朋友邀请我我们住在她家，住在她家，还有一有一辆豪豪华汽汽车任由我任由我们使用。使用。We
44、 didnt bother to find a hotel,for my good friend invited us to stay in her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.教授翻箱倒柜地找眼教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整着整个个场面。面。5.While the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,his wife was sitting comfort
45、ably in an armchair watching the whole scene.6.我没有理睬她，因我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像她期望我像对女王那女王那样对待她。待她。I turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen._4.Practical Writing Response to a Letter of InvitationHow to accept a letter of invitation:How to accept a letter of invitation:Useful E
46、xpressions1.How to start your letter:Thanks for the invitation,and I am delighted to take part in the discussion on Web security.I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care Seminar.I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.2.How to end your lett
47、er:Thank you again for the invitation.See you on the 15th!Thanks again for the invitation,and I look forward to meeting you at the auto exhibition.Thank the recipient for inviting you.Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.As
48、k for more information if you need to.Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.Tips How to decline a letter of invitation:Useful Expressions1.How to start your letter:Thank you for your invitation to speak at _.I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to_.I appreciate your invitation
49、to participate next month in_.I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the _.2.How to tell the recipient that you cant accept his/her invitation:Unfortunately,I have been scheduled to _ on the same day.Although I think the day would be most worthwhile,I have a previous
50、commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.Unfortunately,since I will be visiting _ during the meeting and cannot break away even for a day,regretfully I have to decline the invitation.Unfortunately,I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not,therefore,be able to attend th