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1、高考英语专题讲义【语法填空（2）】纯空格题之解题技巧：指“在空格处填入一个适当的词”这类题。这类题只考代词、冠词、关联词和介词。冠词来说相对比较容易判断，介词主要考查学生的积累以及对介词本身用法的了解。方法探究 1：边做边悟：请做下面一组题，每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的，并将解题的思维过程写出来。在做完这一组题后，总结一下这类题的解题方法。1.（2012）Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day，wearing sun glasses“Do you
2、need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head.“ Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when Im speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy w
3、ould do. Then he took _ off, gave a big smile and said, “That is cool2.（2011）Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk，but after some minutes _ walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.3.（2011） I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and intr
4、oduced myself. We had an amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. Im glad I made a choice. It made _ of us feel good.4. （2011）He asked his teacher，Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _ ?”5.（2009）although her father smoked a
5、pipe only once in a while， she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _ .6. （2009） Jane was walking round the department store She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.7. （2008）It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty （9
6、60 - 1279）was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about _ day and night.8.（2007）I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _【归纳总结】 当句子缺主语或宾语时，填 _. 因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就该填代词。此时，要根据前后语境偏看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称
7、代词外，也有可能是填 _ （如第 3 题）等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的 _ （如第 6 题），替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。【特别提醒】请多注意不定代词如：other, others, another, both, some 等的用法。方法探究 2：边做边悟：请做下面一组题，每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的，并将解题的思维过程写出来。做完这一组题后，总结一下这类题的解题方法。1. (2013) Nicks guests, _ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt mo
8、re cheaply if they could.2. (2013) Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price of it; neither too much _ too little.3.（2012） _ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back，he was wrong.4. （2012）Of course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary，_ made
9、 her feel like a star.5. （2012） The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _ the boy would do.6.（2011）My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.7.（2011）Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk，8.（2010）He fill
10、ed his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.9.（2010）We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children.10.（2009）Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.11. (2008）One day，he came up with an idea _ h
11、e would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.12.（2008）He was very tired after doing this for a whole day， _ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow higher.【归纳总结】 当空格前后都是句子（一个主谓关系算一个句子），且这两个句子之间没有关联词时（两句之间是逗号或无标点），填 _ ；若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的并列连词。 具体填哪个关联词，由两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间的逻辑关系来决定。若
12、是句子与句子之间，还要分析整个句子的结构，分清主句与从句，弄清从句在整个句子中作何种成分，确定从句类型（在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语就是 _ 从句；作定语叫定语从句；表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等的从句叫 _ 从句），以及引导该类从句的关联词的使用特点（如引导定语从句的关联词一定是代表先行词并在从句中作句子成分的；引导名词性从句的关联词， that 没有任何意思也不作任何句子成分，即句子结构和意思完整时即填 _，而 if 或 whether 有意思但不作句子成分，who, whom, which, when, where, how 等则有意思也作句子成分）来决定。【特别提醒】注意
13、 1：在非限制性定语从句中，which 指代逗号前“整件事情”的用法。注意 2：注意状语从句中 until, before, after, when 的用法。【参考答案】方法 1： 1.them 2. they 3. both 4. it 5. him 6.it 7. it 8. her【归纳总结】代词；不定代词；it方法 2: 1.who 2. nor 3.If 4.which 5. that 6. until 7.whom 8. who 9.when 10. where 11. that 12. But【归纳总结】关联词；名词性；状语；that【巩固练习】(1) A certain man
14、 planted a rose and watered it faithfully and before it blossomed, he examined it. He saw the bud (16)_ would soon blossom, but noticed thorns upon the stem and he thought, How can any beautiful flower come (17)_ a plant burdened with so many sharp thorns? Saddened by this thought, he neglected to w
15、ater the rose, and just (18)_ it was ready to bloom.it died. So it is (19)_ many people. Within every soul there is (20)_ rose. The God-like qualities planted in us at birth, grow amid the thorns of our faults. Many of us look at (21)_ and see only the thorns, the defects. We despair, thinking that
16、(22)_ good can possibly come from us. We neglect to water the good within us, and eventually (23)_ dies. We never realize our potential.Some people do not see (24)_ rose within themselves; someone else must show it to them. One of the greatest gifts a person can possess is to be able to reach past t
17、he thorns of another and find the rose (25)_ them.(2) When we do not understand each others language, we can talk with the help of signs. A Frenchman was once traveling in England. He could not speak English at all. One day, (16)_ went into a restaurant and sat down at a table. When the waiter came,
18、 he opened his mouth, put his fingers in it and take (17)_ out again. He wanted to say, Bring me (18)_ to eat. The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. The man moved his head (19)_ side to side. The waiter understood him and took the tea away. In a moment he came (20)_ a cup of coffee and put it on
19、 the table. The man again refused his offer. He shook his head whenever the waiter brought him something to drink, (21)_ drinks are not food. When the man was going away, (22)_ man came in. This man saw the waiter, andhe put his hands (23)_ his stomach. This was enough. In a few minutes there was a
20、large plate of meat and vegetables on (24)_ table in front of him, (25)_ you see, we can understand the language of signs as well as we can understand the language of words. (3) Everyone knows that earthquakes can damage their property. But actually, (16)_ some situations, more damage is done after
21、an earthquake than (17)_ it is happening. (18)_, you can do a great many things after an earthquake that may help to protect yourhome. First of all, make sure there is no gas leak. The professional suggestion is to turn off the gas line (19)_ you can. If there is a gas leak and you cant turn it off,
22、 (20)_ is recommended that you get everyone out of the house and go to a neighbors to call the fire department. Secondly, make sure (21)_ of the water pipes are broken. Even if you dont see any water leaking, you should call the water company to see (22)_ the water is safe to drink. You dont want an
23、y of your family members toget sick (23)_ he or she has drunk unsafe water, right? The last thing (24)_ you should do is to make sure the foundation of the house is not cracked or sinking. A cracked or sinking foundation can be a sign (25)_ the house may collapse. In this case, leave the house and d
24、o not enter it (26)_ an expert looks at theproblem.(4) Dawn graduated several years ago. She (16) _(be) a successful model, and finding a job had not been a problem-until recently. When Dawn did start trying to find (17)_ type of job, she found in interview afterinterview that computer literacy was
25、a must to (18)_(employ). Since Dawn had always been afraid of learning computer (19)_ in college-their school didnt require to learn computer at that time-she managed to get a degree (20)_ ever confronting a computer. Finally, after months of (21)_(search) for a job, Dawn failed. She had to admit th
26、at sidestepping(回避) computer literacy hadnt been a good idea. (22)_, She enrolled in a computer course at (23)_ adult vocational school. (24)_(surprise), although she had been afraid of learning computer, she took to computers (25)_ much that after about a year she opened her own computer-based busi
27、ness.(5) Some wild turkeys, it appears, were trying to get out of New Jersey before Thanksgiving Day. A spokesman from NJ Transit said train officials reported a dozen or so wild turkeys (16)_ a station platform in Ramsey, 20 miles northwest of New York City, on Wednesday afternoon. (17)_ line trave
28、ls to Suffern, N.Y. For a moment, (18)_ looked like the turkeys were waiting for the next outbound train, said Dan Stessel, a spokesman for NJ Transit. obviously, they are trying to catch a train and escape (19)_ fate. Transit workers followed the birds (20)_ (move) on surveillance cameras. I have n
29、o idea (21)_ they got there, Stessel said. A Ramsey police dispatcher said the department had received three calls about the traveling turkeys who also (22)_(blame) for causing morning rush hour traffic problems on a roadway. (23)_ time to time, Ive heard calls (24)_ there are turkeys on the loose,
30、said Erik Endress, president of the Ramsey Rescue Squad, (25)_ volunteer group. Maybe theyre trying to make a break.【参考答案】(1)16. that/which 17. from 18. before 19. with 20. a21. ourselves 22. nothing 23. it 24. the 25. within(2)16. He 17. them 18. something 19. from 20. with21. because/as/since 22.
31、another 23. on 24. the 25. So(3)16. in 17.when 18. However 19. if 20. It 21. none22. whether/if 23. because/as 24. that 25. that 26. until(4)16. had been 17. another 18. employment 19. while 20. without21. searching 22. Therefore/Thus 23. an 24. Surprisingly 25. so(5)16. on 17. The 18. it 19. their 20. movements21. how 22. were blamed 23. From 24. that 25. a