《2022年2022年高考生物实验知识点总结 .pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年2022年高考生物实验知识点总结 .pdf(32页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2021年高考生物实验知识点总结(完整版)实验一:使用高倍显微镜观察几种细胞(必修一P7)1、是低倍镜还是高倍镜的视野大,视野明亮?为什么?低倍镜的视野大,通过的光多,放大的倍数小;高倍镜视野小,通过的光少,但放大的倍数高。2、为什么要先用低倍镜观察清楚后,把要放大观察的物像移至视野的中央,再换高倍镜观察?如果直接用高倍镜观察,往往由于观察的对象不在视野范围内而找不到。因此,需要先用低倍镜观察清楚,并把要放大观察的物像移至视野的中央,再换高倍镜观察。3、用转换器转过高倍镜后,转动粗准焦螺旋行不行?不行。用高倍镜观察,只需转动细准焦螺旋即可。转动粗准焦螺旋,容易压坏玻片。4、使用高倍镜观察的步骤
2、和要点是什么?答:(1)首先用低倍镜观察,找到要观察的物像,移到视野的中央。(2)转动转换器,用高倍镜观察,并轻轻转动细准焦螺旋,直到看清楚材料为止。5、总结:四个比例关系a.镜头长度与放大倍数:物镜镜头越长,放大倍数越大,而目镜正好与之相反。b.物镜头放大倍数与玻片距离:倍数越大(镜头长)距离越近。c.放大倍数与视野亮度:放大倍数越大,视野越暗。d.放大倍数与视野范围:放大倍数越大,视野范围越小。实验一观察 DNA 和 RNA 在细胞中的分布实验原理:DNA 绿色(甲基绿试剂),RNA 红色(吡罗红试剂)分布:真核生物 DNA 主要分布在细胞核中,线粒体和叶绿体内也含有少量的 DNA;RNA
3、 主要分布在细胞质中。实验结果:细胞核呈绿色,细胞质呈红色.实验二物质鉴定还原糖+斐林试剂砖红色沉淀脂肪+苏丹 III 橘黄色脂肪+苏丹IV红色蛋白质+双缩脲试剂紫色反应1、还原糖的检测(1)材料的选取:还原糖含量高,白色或近于白色,如苹果,梨,白萝卜。(2)试剂:斐林试剂(甲液:0.1g/mL 的 NaOH 溶液,乙液:0.05g/mL的 CuSO4 溶液),现配现用。(3)步骤:取样液2mL于试管中加入刚配的斐林试剂1mL(斐林试剂甲液和乙液等量混合均匀后再加入)水浴加热 2min 左右观察颜色变化(白色浅蓝色砖红色)文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9
4、P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2
5、 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9
6、P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2
7、 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9
8、P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2
9、 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9
10、P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A62、脂肪的检测(1)材料的选取:含脂肪量越高的组织越好,如花生的子叶。(2)步骤:制作切片(切片越薄越好)将最薄的花生切片放在载玻片中央染色(滴苏丹染液23 滴切片上 23min 后吸去染液滴体积分数 50%的酒精洗去浮色吸去多余的酒精)制作装片(滴 12 滴清水于材料切片上盖上盖玻片)镜检鉴定(显微镜对光低倍镜观察高倍镜观察染成橘黄色的脂肪颗粒)3、蛋白质的检测(1)试剂:双缩脲试剂(A液:0.1g/mL 的 NaOH 溶液,
11、B液:0.01g/mL的 CuSO4 溶液)(2)步骤:试管中加样液 2mL 加双缩脲试剂 A液 1mL,摇匀加双缩尿试剂B 液 4 滴,摇匀观察颜色变化(紫色)考点提示:(1)常见还原性糖与非还原性糖有哪些?葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖都是还原性糖;淀粉、蔗糖、纤维素都是非还原性糖。(2)还原性糖植物组织取材条件?含糖量较高、颜色为白色或近于白色,如:苹果、梨、白色甘蓝叶、白萝卜等。(3)研磨中为何要加石英砂?不加石英砂对实验有何影响?加石英砂是为了使研磨更充分。不加石英砂会使组织样液中还原性糖减少,使鉴定时溶液颜色变化不明显。文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9
12、P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2
13、 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9
14、P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2
15、 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9
16、P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2
17、 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9
18、P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6(4)斐林试剂甲、乙两液的使用方法?混合的目的?为何要现混现用?混合后使用;产生氢氧化铜;氢氧化铜不稳定。(5)还原性糖中加入斐林试剂后,溶液颜色变化的顺序为:浅蓝色棕色砖红色(6)花生种子切片为何要薄?只有很薄的切片,才能透光,而用于显微镜的观察。(7)转动细准焦螺旋时,若花生切片的细胞总有一部分清晰,另一部分模糊,其原因一般是什么?切片的厚薄不均匀。(8)脂肪鉴定中乙醇作用?洗去浮色。(9)双缩脲试剂 A、B两液是否混合后用
19、?先加A液的目的。怎样通过对比看颜色变化?不能混合;先加 A液的目的是使溶液呈碱性;先留出一些大豆组织样液做对比。实验三观察叶绿体和细胞质流动1、材料:新鲜藓类叶、黑藻叶或菠菜叶,口腔上皮细胞临时装片2、原理:叶绿体在显微镜下观察,绿色,球形或椭球形。用健那绿染液染色后的口腔上皮细胞中线粒体成蓝绿色,细胞质接近无色。知识概要:取材制片低倍观察高倍观察考点提示:(1)为什么可直接取用藓类的小叶,而不能直接取用菠菜叶?因为藓类的小叶很薄,只有一层细胞组成,而菠菜叶由很多层细胞构成。(2)取用菠菜叶的下表皮时,为何要稍带些叶肉?表皮细胞除保卫细胞外,一般不含叶绿体,而叶肉细胞含较多的叶绿文档编码:C
20、W6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2
21、V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:C
22、W6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2
23、V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:C
24、W6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2
25、V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:C
26、W6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6体。(3)怎样加快黑藻细胞质的流动速度?最适温度是多少?进行光照、提高水温、切伤部分叶片;25左右。(4)对黑藻什么部位的细胞观察,所观察到的细胞质流动的现象最明显?叶脉附近的细胞。(5)若视野中某细胞中细胞质的流动方向为顺时针,则在装片中该细胞的细胞质的实际流动方向是怎样的?仍为顺时针。(6)是否一般细胞的细胞质不流动,只有黑藻等少数植物的细胞质才流动?否,活细胞的细
27、胞质都是流动的。(7)若观察植物根毛细胞细胞质的流动,则对显微镜的视野亮度应如何调节?视野应适当调暗一些,可用反光镜的平面镜来采光或缩小光圈。(8)在强光照射下,叶绿体的向光面有何变化?叶绿体的受光面积较小有一面面向光源。实验四观察有丝分裂1、材料:洋葱根尖(葱,蒜)2、2、步骤:(一)洋葱根尖的培养(二)装片的制作制作流程:解离漂洗染色制片1.解离:药液:质量分数为 15%的盐酸,体积分数为95%的酒精(1:1混合液).时间:35min.目的:使组织中的细胞相互分离开来.文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R
28、1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文
29、档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R
30、1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文
31、档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R
32、1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文
33、档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R
34、1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A62.漂洗:用清水漂洗约10min.目的:洗去药液,防止解离过度,并有利于染色.3.染色:用质量浓度为0.01g/mL 或 0.02g/mL 的龙胆紫溶液(或醋酸洋红液)染色 35min 目的:使染色体着色,利于观察.4.制片:将根尖放在载玻片上,加一滴清水,并用镊子把根尖弄碎,盖上盖玻片,在盖玻片上再加一片载玻片.然后用拇指轻轻地按压载玻片.目的:使细胞分散开来,有利于观察.(三)观察1、先在低倍镜下找到根尖分生区细胞:细胞呈正方形,排列紧密,有的细胞正在分裂。2、换高倍镜下观
35、察:分裂中期分裂前、后、末期分裂间期。(注意各时期细胞内染色体形态和分布的特点)。其中,处于分裂间期的细胞数目最多。考点提示:(1)培养根尖时,为何要经常换水?增加水中的氧气,防止根进行无氧呼吸造成根的腐烂。(2)培养根尖时,应选用老洋葱还是新洋葱?为什么?应选用旧洋葱,因为新洋葱尚在休眠,不易生根。(3)为何每条根只能用根尖?取根尖的最佳时间是何时?为何?因为根尖分生区的细胞能进行有丝分裂;上午10 时到下午 2 时;因为此时细胞分裂活跃。(4)解离和压片的目的分别是什么?压片时为何要再加一块载玻片?解离是为了使细胞相互分离开来,压片是为了使细胞相互分散开来;再加一块载玻片是为了受力均匀,防
36、止盖玻片被压破。(5)若所观察的组织细胞大多是破碎而不完整的,其原因是什么?文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1
37、T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档
38、编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1
39、T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档
40、编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1
41、T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档
42、编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6压片时用力过大。(6)解离过程中盐酸的作用是什么?丙酮可代替吗?分解和溶解细胞间质;不能,而硝酸可代替。(7)为何要漂洗?洗去盐酸便于染色。(8)细胞中染色最深的结构是什么?染色最深的结构是染色质或染色体。(9)若所观察的细胞各部分全是紫色,其原因是什么?染液浓度过大或染色时间过长。
43、(10)为何要找分生区?分生区的特点是什么?能用高倍物镜找分生区吗?为什么?因为在根尖只有分生区的细胞能够进行细胞分裂;分生区的特点是:细胞呈正方形,排列紧密,有的细胞处于分裂状态;不能用高倍镜找分生区,因为高倍镜所观察的实际范围很小,难以发现分生区。(11)分生区细胞中,什么时期的细胞最多?为什么?间期;因为在细胞周期中,间期时间最长。(12)所观察的细胞能从中期变化到后期吗?为什么?不能,因为所观察的细胞都是停留在某一时期的死细胞。(13)观察洋葱表皮细胞能否看到染色体?为什么?不能,因为洋葱表皮细胞一般不分裂。(14)若观察时不能看到染色体,其原因是什么?没有找到分生区细胞;没有找到处于
44、分裂期的细胞;染液过稀;染色文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:C
45、W6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2
46、V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:C
47、W6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2
48、V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:C
49、W6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2
50、V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6文档编码:CW6E7L4O8C2 HL9R1T1R2V6 ZU4O2G9P8A6时间过短。实验五比较酶和 Fe3+的催化效率考点提示:(1)为何要选新鲜的肝脏?因为在不新鲜的肝脏中,过氧化氢酶的活性会由于细菌的破坏而降低。(2)该实验中所用试管应选较粗的还是较细的?为什么?应选用较粗的,因为在较细的试管中容易形成大量的气泡,而影响卫生香的复燃。(3)为何要选动物的肝脏组织来做实验,其他动植物的组织的研磨液能替