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1、时间人物事件相关专有名词17 世纪中叶法国科学家笛卡尔提出动量概念动量(momentum)1668 荷兰物理学家惠更斯明确指出了动量的方向性和守恒性动量(momentum)1687 英国科学家牛顿修改笛卡尔对动量的定义,明确地用质量与速度的乘积定义动量动量(momentum)、速度(velocity)1743 法国科学家达兰贝尔指出动量和动能两种量度的同样有效性动量(momentum)、动能(kinetic energy)1920 英籍物理学家卢瑟福猜测原子中可能还有一种电中性的粒子原子(atom)1932 英国物理学家查德威克发现了卢瑟福所预言的粒子中子中子(neutron)1896 德国物
2、理学家维恩提出了辐射强度按波长分布的理论公式维恩公式辐射(radiation)、波长(wavelength)1900 英国物理学家瑞利提出了辐射强度按波长分布的理论公式瑞利公式辐射(radiation)、波长(wavelength)1900 德国物理学家普朗克提出能量子假说,正确地破除了“能量连续变化”的传统观念并得出了黑体辐射的度按波长分布的公式黑体(lbackbody)、黑体辐射(blackbody radiation)、能量子(energy quantum)、普朗克常数(Planck consant)19 世纪初英国物理学家托马斯杨观察到了光的干涉现象干涉(interference)19
3、 世纪初法国物理学家菲涅耳观察到了光的衍射现象衍射(diffraction)19 世纪初法国物理学家马吕斯观察到了光的偏振现象偏振(polarization)19 世纪 60 年代英国物理学家麦克斯韦从理论上确认了光的电磁波本质电磁波(electromagnetic wave)1887 德国物理学家赫兹发现了光电现象光电现象(photoelectric effect)1905 犹太裔物理学家爱因斯坦提出爱因斯坦光电效应方程爱因斯坦光电效应方程(Einstein photoelectric equation)、光子(photon)1907 美国物理学家密立根测量光电效应中几个重要的物理量,检验了
4、爱因斯坦光电效应方程(Einstein|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*|欢.|迎.|下.|载.第 1 页,共 4 页爱因斯坦光电效应方程的正确性photoelectric equation)、光电效应(photoelectric effect)1923 美国物理学家康普顿发现康普顿效应康普顿效应(Compton effect)1924 法国物理学德布罗意提出假设:实物粒子也具有波动性德布罗意波(de Broglie wave)、物质波(matter wave)1912 德国物理学家劳厄证实伦琴射线就是电磁波伦琴射线(X-ray)、电磁波(electromag
5、netic wave)1927 美国物理学戴维孙和英国物理学家GP汤姆孙证实了电子的波动性电子(electron)、波动性(volatility)1926 德国物理学家玻恩指出光波是一种概念波光波(visible light)、概念波(probability wave)1925 德国物理学家海森伯发展了矩阵力学矩阵力学(matrix mechanics)1926 奥地利物理学家薛定谔建立了波动力学波动力学(wave mechanics)1876 德国物理学家戈德斯坦发现阴极射线阴极射线(cathode ray)1890 舒斯特测出了阴极射线微粒的比荷阴极射线(cathode ray)1897
6、考夫曼测出了阴极射线微粒的比荷阴极射线(cathode ray)1897 英国物理学家J J汤姆孙证实阴极射线的本质是带负电的粒子流并求出这种粒子的比荷,发现了电子阴极射线(cathode ray)、电子(electron)1909-1913 美国物理学家密立根通过油滴实验精确测定电子电荷电子(electron)1903 德国物理学家勒纳德发现原子不是实心球体原子(atom)1911 英籍物理学家卢瑟福提出了核式结构的原子结构模型核式结构模型(nuclear structure model)1814 德国物理学家夫琅和费通过光谱分析发现了钠的谱线光谱(spectrum)、谱线(line)185
7、9 德国物理学家基尔霍夫解释了太阳光谱中暗太阳光谱(the solar|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*|欢.|迎.|下.|载.第 2 页,共 4 页文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编
8、码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2
9、 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2
10、ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文
11、档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9
12、J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E
13、2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4线的含义spectrum)1913 丹麦物理学家玻尔提出了玻尔原子理论电子轨道(
14、electronic orbit)、能级(energy level)、定态(stable state)、基态(ground state)、激发态(excited state)、跃迁(transition)、电子云(electron cloud)1914 美国物理学家弗兰克和德国物理学家赫兹通过弗兰克-赫兹实验证明原子能量的量子化现象量子化(quantization)1896 法国物理学家贝可勒尔发现铀和含铀的矿物能够发出看不见的射线,这种射线可以穿透黑纸使照相底板感光铀(Uranium)、射线(ray)、放射性(radioactivity)、天然放射现象(natural radioactivi
15、ty)1898 波兰裔科学家玛丽居里和法国物理学家皮埃尔居里发现新元素钋和镭钋(Polonuim)、镭(Radium)、1919 英籍物理学家卢瑟福发现了质子质子(proton)1928 德国物理学家盖革和米勒研制成盖革米勒计数器盖革米勒计数器(Geiger-m ller counter)1967 美国物理学家温伯格、英国物理学家萨拉姆和美国物理学家格拉肖在格拉肖电弱统一模型的基础上提出了电弱统一的完善理论格拉肖电弱统一模型(unified electro-weak theory)1938 德国物理学家哈恩和他的助手特拉斯曼在用中子轰击铀核的实验中发现生成物中有元素钡中子(neutron)、铀
16、(Uranium)、钡(Barium)奥地利物理学家迈特纳和弗里施定义了核裂变核裂变(nuclear fission)1942 美国物理学家费米主持建立了世界上第一个称为“核反应堆”的装置核反应堆(nuclear reactor)1929-1930 华人科学家赵忠尧发现硬射线在重元素中的反常吸收重元素(heavy element)1942 华人科学家王淦昌提出证实中微子存在的一种实验方案中微子(neutrino)1956 华人科学家杨振宁和李振道提出在弱相互作用过程中宇称不守恒,并提出了实验验证的建议弱相互作用(weak interaction)、宇称不守恒(parity non-conver
17、sation)1957 华人科学家吴健雄在的衰变中证实了宇称不守恒(parity|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*|欢.|迎.|下.|载.第 3 页,共 4 页文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9
18、A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M
19、7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7
20、X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10
21、C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z
22、2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5
23、C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4宇称不守恒的论断non-conversation)、衰变(-decay
24、)1974 华人科学家丁肇中发现了一种新粒子,证实了人们对存在第四夸克的预测夸克(quark)|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*|欢.|迎.|下.|载.第 4 页,共 4 页文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9
25、I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码
26、:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2
27、HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 Z
28、I9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档
29、编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4文档编码:CS6Z2M7U9J2 HO5X5C7X5E2 ZI9I3E10C9A4