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1、何谓自由尺寸公差?旧国标(HG)159-59 中,在基准件公差上,把精度等级分成 12 级。取自其中 8、9 两级精度基准件公差,称为自由尺寸公差。将偏差分为;单向(+)或(-)、双向()二种。在自由尺寸公差的注解中提示;自由尺寸公差仅适用于机械加工表面。自由尺寸公差在工作图上不标注。单向偏差对于轴用(-)号,对于孔、孔深、槽宽、螬深及槽长用(+)号,其余均用双向正负偏差()。不能纳入上述明确原则的自由尺寸,且有单向偏差要求时,设计者应在工图中注出,否则按双向偏差制造。修定后国标(GB)1800-79 中,标准公差分 20级。即;IT01、IT0、IT1 至 IT18。IT 表示标准公差,公差
2、等级的代号用阿拉伯数字表示,从 IT01 至 IT18 等级依次降低。并制定(GB)1804-79未注公差尺寸的极限偏差,规定有三条:规定的极限偏差适用于金属切削加工的尺寸,也可用于非切削加工的尺寸,图样上未注公差尺寸的偏差,按本标准规定的系列,由相应的技术文件作出具体规定。未注公差尺寸的公差等级规定为IT12 至 IT18。一般孔用 H(+);轴用 h(-);长度用()?IT(即 Js 或 js)。必要时,可不分孔、轴或长度,均采用?IT(即 Js 或 js)。根据国际标准 ISO 2768,以下为线性尺寸未注公差的公差表。这个未注公差适用于金属切削加工的尺寸,也适用于一般的冲压加工尺寸。这
3、些极限偏差适用于:线性尺寸:例如外尺寸、内尺寸、阶梯尺寸、直径、半径、距离、倒圆半径和倒角高度;角度尺寸:包括通常不标出角度值的角度尺寸,例如直角(90);机加工组装件的线性和角度尺寸。这些极限偏差不适用于:已有其他一般公差标准规定的线性和角度尺寸;括号内的参考尺寸;矩形框格内的理论正确尺寸。表 1 线性尺寸的极限偏差数值公差等级尺寸分段0.5 3 36 630 30120 120400 4001000 10002000 20004000 f(精密级)0.050.050.10.150.20.30.5-m(中等级)0.10.10.20.30.50.81.22c(粗糙级)0.20.3 0.50.8
4、1.2234v(最粗级)-0.511.52.5468表 2 倒圆半径与倒角高度尺寸的极限偏差数值公差等级尺寸分段0.5 3 36 630 30 f(精密级)0.20.512m(中等级)c(粗糙级)0.4124v(最粗级)表 3 角度尺寸的极限偏差数值公差等级长度分段101050 50120 120400 400 f(精密级)13020105m(中等级)c(粗糙级)1301301510v(最粗级)3213020角度尺寸的长度按角度的短边长度确定,对于圆锥角按圆锥素线长度确定。文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1
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10、码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6
11、 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9另附:基本尺寸 0-500mm,4-18 级精度标准公差表。文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V9文档编码:CJ8P5N1G8S6 HU1M8H4K9P9 ZB3F10Y3N5V
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