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1、九年级化学基础知识及规律总结一、离子或气体物质的检验：1、H+（酸）的检验：方法1：将紫色石蕊试液滴入待测液中，振荡，如果石蕊试液，则证明 H+存在。方法 2：将较活泼金属锌 投入待测液中，如果产生能被点燃或产生爆鸣声的气体，则证明H+的存在。方法 3：用玻璃棒蘸取待测液滴在pH 试纸 上，然后把试纸显示的颜色跟标准比色卡对照，便可知道溶液的pH，如果 pH 7，则证明 H+的存在。2、OH-（碱）的检验：方法1：将紫色石蕊试液滴入待测液中，振荡，如果石蕊试液，则证明 OH-存在。方法2：将无色酚酞试液滴入待测液中，振荡，如果酚酞试液，则证明 OH-存在。方法 3：用玻璃棒蘸取待测液滴在pH
2、试纸 上，然后把试纸显示的颜色跟标准比色卡对照，便可知道溶液的pH，如果 pH 大于 7，则证明 OH-的存在。方法 4：将 CuSO4溶液 滴入待测液中，如果产生蓝色沉淀，则证明 OH-的存在。3、CO32-（碳酸盐）的检验：将少量的盐酸（或硝酸）倒入盛有少量待测物的试管中，如果有无色气体放出，将此气体通入澄清石灰水中，如果石灰水变浑，则证明原待测物中 CO32-存在。4、NH4+（铵盐）的检验：将浓 NaOH 溶液 倒入盛有少量待测物的试管中，微热，产生能使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝的气体，则证明原待测物中NH4+存在。5、Cl-（盐酸盐）的检验：将 硝酸银溶液和稀硝酸倒入盛有少量待测物的试管
3、中，若产生白色沉淀，则证明原待测物中Cl-存在。6、SO42-（硫酸盐）的检验：将 硝酸钡溶液和稀硝酸倒入盛有少量待测物的试管中，若产生 白色沉淀，则证明原待测物中SO42-存在。(或先滴加稀盐酸再滴入氯化钡)7、Cu2+（铜离子）的检验：滴加 NaOH 溶液，若产生蓝色沉淀，则证明含有 Cu2+。（或观察颜色是蓝色，也可证明含 Cu2+）8、Fe3+（铁离子）的检验：滴加 氢氧化钠溶液，若产生红褐色沉淀则证明含有 Fe3+。（或观察颜色是黄色，也可证明含 Fe3+）9、Fe2+（亚铁离子）的检验：观察颜色是浅绿色，可证明含 Fe2+）10、O2的检验：带 火星的木条放入瓶中，若木条复燃，则是
4、氧气文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码
5、:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9
6、E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4
7、 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9
8、C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I
9、3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A
10、4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S911、H2的检验：在玻璃尖嘴点燃气体，罩一干冷小烧杯，观察杯壁是否有水滴，往烧杯中倒入澄清的石灰水，若不变浑浊，则是氢气12、CO2的检验：通入 澄清的石灰水，若变
11、浑浊，则是二氧化碳13、NH3的检验：用 湿润的红色石蕊试纸，若试纸变蓝，则是氨气（溶于水显碱性的气体只有NH3（NH3+H2O=NH3 H2O）14、水蒸气：通过 无水硫酸铜，若白色固体变蓝，则含水蒸气15、SO2的检验：无色有刺激性气味，能使紫红色 KMnO4溶液褪色的，一般是 SO2。16、淀粉的检验：加入 碘酒或碘水，若 变蓝 则含淀粉。17、葡萄糖的检验：加入新制的氢氧化铜，煮沸，若生成砖红色的氧化亚铜沉淀，就含葡萄糖。18、蛋白质：灼烧，有烧焦羽毛的气味。相关例题：1、如何检验 NaOH 是否变质：滴加稀盐酸，若产生气泡则变质2、检验生石灰中是否含有石灰石：滴加稀盐酸，若产生气泡则
12、含有石灰石文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文
13、档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT
14、8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R
15、4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR
16、2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10
17、Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 Z
18、B8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9二、化学反应中的规律：1、金属活动性顺序：金属活动性顺序由强至弱：K Ca Na Mg Al，Zn Fe Sn Pb(H)，Cu Hg Ag Pt Au 钾钙
19、钠镁铝，锌铁锡铅（氢），铜汞银铂金金属位置越靠前 的活动性越强，反应速率越快；排在氢前面的金属能置换酸里的氢，排在氢后的金属不能置换酸里的氢，跟酸不反应；排在前面的金属，能把排在后面的金属从它们的盐溶液里置换出来。排在后面的金属不能把排在前面的金属从它们的盐溶液里置换出来。混合盐溶液与一种金属发生置换反应的顺序是“最活泼的先置换出最不活泼的”。注意：单质铁在置换反应中总是变为2 价的亚铁2、金属酸 盐H2：等质量金属跟足量酸反应，放出氢气由多至少的顺序：Al MgFeZn 等质量的同种酸跟足量的不同金属反应，放出的氢气一样多。等质量的不同酸跟足量的金属反应，酸的相对分子质量越小放出氢气越多。3
20、、金属盐溶液 新金属新盐：文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4
21、H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S
22、9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:
23、CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E
24、9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4
25、HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C
26、10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9金属的相对原子质量新金属的相对原子质量时，反应后溶液的质量变重，金属变轻。金属的相对原子质量新金属的相对原子质量时，反应后溶液的质量变轻，金属
27、变重。在金属酸 盐H2 反应后，溶液质量变重，金属变轻。三、有关化学实验的知识：1、实验中的规律：用固体加热制取气体的，都选用高锰酸钾制O2装置（固固加热型）；用固体与液体反应且不需加热制气体的，都选用双氧水制 O2装置（固液不加热型）。给试管固体加热，都要先预热，试管口都应略向下倾斜。凡是生成的气体难溶于水（不与水反应）的，都可用排水法收集。凡是生成的气体密度比空气大（不与空气反应）的，都可用向上排空气法收集。凡是生成的气体密度比空气小（不与空气反应）的，都可用向下排空气法收集。凡是制气体实验时，先要检查装置的气密性，导管应露出橡皮塞一点儿，铁夹应夹在距管口1/3 处。凡是用长颈漏斗制气体实
28、验时，长颈漏斗的末端管口应插入液面下。凡是点燃可燃性气体时，一定先要检验它的纯度。文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT
29、8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R
30、4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR
31、2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10
32、Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 Z
33、B8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3
34、D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9凡是使用有毒气体做实验时，最后一定要处理尾气。凡是使用还原性气体还原金属氧化物时，一定
35、是“一通、二点、三灭、四停”2、实验基本操作中的数据：向酒精灯里添加酒精要使用漏斗，但酒精量不得超过灯身容积的2/3，用试管给液体加热时，还应注意液体体积不宜超过试管容积的1/3。加热时试管宜倾斜，约与台面成45角。用试管盛装固体加热时，铁夹应夹在距管口的1/3处。托盘天平只能用于粗略的称量，能称准到0.1克。如果不慎将酸溶液沾到皮肤或衣物上，立即用较多的水冲洗(如果是浓硫酸，必须迅速用抹布擦拭，然后用水冲洗)，再用溶质质量分数为3-5%的碳酸氢钠溶液来冲洗。在实验时取用药品，如果没有说明用量，一般应该按最少量取用：液体取 1-2 毫升，固体只需盖满试管底部。使用试管夹时，应该从试管的底部往上
36、套，固定在离试管口的1/3处3、初中化学实验中的“先”与“后”使用托盘天平时，首先要调节平衡。调节平衡时，先把游码移到零刻度，然后转动平衡螺母到达平衡。使用试管或烧瓶给药品加热时，先预热，然后集中加热。制取气体时，必须先检查装置的气密性，然后装药品。文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT
37、8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R
38、4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR
39、2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10
40、Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 Z
41、B8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3
42、D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文
43、档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9固体液体相互混合或反应时，要先加入固体，然后加入液体。用还原性的气体（如2、）还原氧化铜或氧化铁等固体物质时，一般需要加热。实验时，要先通一会儿气体，然后再加热。实验完毕，继续通氢气，先移去酒精灯直到试管冷却，然后再移去导气管。稀释浓硫酸时，先往烧杯里加入蒸馏水，然后沿烧杯壁慢慢注入浓硫酸，并用玻璃棒不断搅拌，冷却后装瓶。分离食盐和硝酸钾的混合物，当食盐占相当多量时，可以先加热蒸发饱和溶液，析出食盐晶体，过滤，然后再冷却母液析出硝酸钾晶体；当硝酸钾占相当多量时，可以先冷却热饱和溶液，析出硝酸钾晶体，过滤，然后再蒸
44、发母液，析出食盐晶体。除去混合气体中的二氧化碳和水蒸气时，应把混合气体先通过盛有浓氢氧化钠溶液的洗气瓶，然后接着通过盛有浓硫酸的洗气瓶。在检验混合气体中是否混有二氧化碳和水蒸气时，应把混合气体先通过盛有无水硫酸铜的干燥管，然后再通过盛有石灰水的洗气瓶。检验氯化氢等气体时，先用蒸馏水润湿蓝色石蕊试纸，然后用试纸检验使之变成红色；检验氨气时，先用蒸馏水润湿红色石蕊试纸，然后用试纸检验使之变成蓝色。4、化学药品敞口置于空气中质量增加的：由于吸水而增加的：氢氧化钠固体、浓硫酸、氯化钙、氯化镁；由于跟水反应而增加的：氧化钙、硫酸铜；由于跟二氧化碳反应而增加的：氢氧化钠，氢氧化钾，氢氧化钡，氢氧化钙；文档
45、编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8
46、Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4
47、R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2
48、T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q
49、4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB
50、8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D10S9文档编码:CT8Z9E9R4R4 HR2T9C10Q4I3 ZB8A4H3D