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1、 第一单元1.take place 发生 take away 拿走、带走；使离开、使消失 take back 送回，收回 take down 拿下，记下，取下 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 开始花时间做，开始对感兴趣2.in memory of 纪念；追念3.dress up 盛装，打扮；装饰4.trick n 诡计；恶作剧 Vt.欺骗；诈骗 play a trick on 搞恶作剧5.lead（）to 领往；通往；导致 You see the path on your right？It leads to the village.看见右边的小路了吗？它通向村子。6.in the
2、 shape of 呈现某种形状，以某种形式呈现出来7.look forward to 盼望，后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式 I am looking forward to his being back.我盼望他回来。8.as though 好像；仿佛似的 及as if 同义 He acts as though he didnt know anything about it.他表现得好像对这件事一无所知.9.have fun with 玩得开心10.keep/lose ones word 守信 /失信11.turn up 到场；出现；（声音等）调大 turn on 开 turn off 关
3、 turn down （声音等）调小 turn over 移交 turn to 开始对感兴趣12.hold ones breath 屏住呼吸13.set off 出发；点燃 set about 开始着手 set down 使坐下；放下；写下；抄下；制定（规划、原则等） set out 出发，启程，布置 ，安排，陈述，说明 set up 竖立；建造，装配；提出（建议等） 14.remind 提醒；使想起remind sb of sth 让某人想起某事 第二单元1.Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.王鹏坐在他
4、空空的餐馆里很沮丧feeling very frustrated .现在分词在句中作伴随状语eg.She sat on the chair reading a newspaper.(表伴随) Walking in the street, she met her old friend.(表时间)Seeing no body at home , she decided to eat outside.(表原因)The child fell, striking his head against the ground.(表结果)2. By now his restaurant ought to be f
5、ull of people.到了这个时候他的餐馆本该宾客盈门的。Ought to 1) to show a moral duty 表示一种道义上的责任，应该Eg.She ought to look after her child better. You ought to study hard to get a high mark. 2)ought to have done 表示本应该，而却没有 Eg.You ought to have come yesterday.3. He thought of his mutton kebabs, fatty pork cooked in the hott
6、est, finest oil. 过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动。 = which were cooked in the hottest oil. Eg.The flowers picked by him are very beautiful.4.Nothing could have been better.再也没有比这更好的了比较级及否定词连用表示最高级。 Eg.I have never seen a better film. There is nothing I like so much as playing football.5.Tired of all that fat?肥腻的东西吃厌
7、了吗1）Tired of 厌烦的 He is tired of doing the same thing all year round.2）Tired out 筋疲力尽 I was tired out when I finally reach the top of the mountain.3）Tired from 因而疲倦 I was very tied from running fast.6. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people Lies！他不可能让永慧哄骗人们后跑掉。get away with sth./
8、doing sth. a)不因某事而受惩罚I wont have you getting away with cheating in the exam.b)偷携某物潜逃The robbers robbed the bank and got away with a lot of money.c)收到较轻的惩罚He was so lucky to get away with a fine for such a serious mistake.7.Perhas he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close hi
9、s restaurant.也许他仍然能够谋生，而不至于关闭自己的餐馆 earn ones living by =live by=make a living by靠谋生 eg. He earned his living by begging from door to door.8.He didnt look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.他不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。 be in debt 欠债 be out of debt 还清债务be in sb.s debt 欠某人人情。Eg.
10、Saving my life, I am forever in your debt. 9. She didnt look happy but glared at him.她不高兴，就瞪着他。 glare at 怒视，带有敌意 Eg. “How could you do that？”he said, glaring at his mother. glance at 扫视 Eg.He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry. stare at 张大眼睛死死地盯着 Eg.She stared at him in surprise. 10. Yong Hui
11、agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying the dumplings, fatty pork and cola.永慧同意留下，很快他们就享受到水饺、猪肉和可乐。 agree to (do) sth. 表示“同意某事或某建议”，后只能跟表“提议，计划，方案，打算，安排” Eg. He agreed to their proposal. He agreed to get someone to help us. agree with sb 同意某人 Eg. I agree with every word you said. agree on st
12、h. 表示在某事上取得一致的意见 Eg.They agreed on a date for the next meeting. 11.But dont you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner?但是你不认为受一点会更好吗？虚拟语气，表示及现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去式（be用were），而主句的谓语动词用would(should, could ,might)+动词原形。 Eg. If I were you, I should study English better. If he had time, he
13、 would attend the meeting. 12. spy (v/n) 监视，侦查，看见，间谍 1) 暗中监视；侦查。 It is impolite to spy into other peoples windows. 2) 看见，发现。 He suddenly spied an old friend in the supermarket. 13.before long 和long before 1)before long（介词短语）在句子中作状语，表示“不久以后，很快”。多及将来时或者过去时连用。 Eg. I shall visit you again before long. 2
14、)long before（副词短语）表示“很久以前”，多及完成时连用。 Eg. He had taken a doctors degree long before. 3)Before不仅可以用作副词，还可以用作介词或者连词，这时long before表示早在之前. Eg. He had come to America long before the war.14.put on weight.增加体重 lose weight 减肥15.cut down 削减，删节 cut off 切断，剪断 cut in 插话，打断别人的说话 第三单元 1.bring up: 1）培养，抚养，教育 She br
15、ought up her children to be considerate of others. 她教育孩子要关心别人。 He was brought up by his aunt. 他被姑姑抚养大。 2）提出 We decided to bring up the problem at the next meeting. 我们决定在下次会议上提出这个问题。 3) 吐出，呕吐 He fell ill and brought up his breakfast. 她生病了，把吃的早饭都吐了出来。 2. scene n. 1) 一场，一镜头 He added a new scene at the
16、beginning. 在开头他又加了一场戏。 We missed the first few scenes of the film. 我们错过了这场电影开始的几个镜头。 2) 景色，风景，场面 The night scene in Shanghai is quite beautiful. 上海的夜景非常美。 3) (发生事件的)现场，地点 They rushed to the scene of the traffic accident. 他们火速赶到车祸的现场。 比较：scene , scenery 和view （1）scene 指都市景观或室内陈设，还可以指舞台场面或部分布景，可数名词。 （
17、2）scenery 指山河湖海等自然景观，也可以指舞台全部，是不可数名词。 （3）view 指从远处或高处看到的风景。 The view from the top of the hill is wonderful. 从山顶上眺望，风景很美。 3. bet n. 1) make a bet 打赌 2) （金钱等）赌注 win/lose a bet 打赌赢/输了 I can make a bet with you that you must pass the exam. 我可以跟你打赌你一定能通过考试。 Lets make a bet on the next election. 咱们赌一赌下次的选
18、举把。 I make a bet that we would win the football match. 我打赌我们会赢那场足球赛 v. 打赌，赌博 Mrs. Black spent all her money betting on horses. 布莱克夫人把她所有的钱都花在了赌马上。 4. Permit me to lead the way, sir. permit 1）vt. 许可，允许，容许 doing sth/ sth. 准许做某事 sb. to do sth 准许sb.做某事 We dont permit making noise here. 我们不允许在这里吵闹。 The t
19、eacher didnt permit us to swim in this river. 老师不允许我们在这条河里游泳。 2）vi （事物）允许，成为可能 I will go to meet you if time permits. 如果时间允许的话，我们会去见你。 Well start tomorrow, weather permitting. 天气允许的话，我们明天出发。 3）n. 许可证，通行证 Please show your drive permit. 清出示你的驾照。 Ex: The teacher doesnt permit in class. A. smoke B. to s
20、moke C. smoking D. to have a smoke 5. go ahead vi 词组 1)前进; (工作等)推进 Thing are going ahead quite well. 事情进展地很顺利。 After they settled the problem, they were going ahead fast. 那个问题解决后，他们推进的速度加快了。 2）（催促对方）先请！请！ You go ahead and Ill follow. Im not quite ready. 你先走，我随后到。我还未完全准备好。 3）该词组亦可作表示意见的肯定答语，译为“干吧！请吧，
21、说吧，走，行等” “Would you mind if I opened the window?” “No. Go ahead.” “我打开窗子你介意吗？” “不介意，去开吧。 ” “May I use your phone?” “Yes, go ahead.” “我能用一下你的电话吗？” “行啊。” Ex： I wonder if I could use your car for tonight? . Im not using it anyhow. A. Sure, go ahead B. I dont know C. Yes, indeed D. I dont care 6. by acc
22、ident = by chance 偶然地，意外地 Last time, I ran across her by accident /by chance. 上次我偶然碰到她。 on purpose 故意的 I think she lost the key on purpose. 我认为她是故意遗失钥匙。 7. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. 到黄昏时，我发现自己被一阵大风卷到了大海里。 found myself carried out to sea 反身代词myself 作f
23、ound 的宾语；过去分词carried作宾语补足语。属于 find + sb. / sth.+ done 的结构。 find + 复合宾语结构 1）find + 宾语 + adj. + to do The boy found the novel difficult to read. 这个男孩发现这本小说很难读懂。 2）find + it + adj.+ to do 在此句型中it 代替其后的不定式作形式宾语。 I found it hard to get along with his brother. 我发现很难同他的兄弟相处。 3）find + 宾语+adj./adv./过去分词/ 现在分
24、词/介词短语 I found the job boring. 我发现这项工作令人厌烦。 I found him in his own room. 我发现他在自己的房间里。 He hurried to the store, only to find the door closed. 他匆忙赶到商店，发现门关着。 4）find oneself doing sth./ at / in 意识到自己非本意地干某事或处于某种境地 Peter，who was usually shy, found himself talking to the girls. 彼得一向腼腆，突然意识到自己在跟女孩们说话。 Aft
25、er wandering around, we found ourselves back at the hotel. 四处闲逛之后，我们不自觉地回到旅馆。 8. fault 1) n. 过错，缺点，故障，毛病 Her greatest fault is that she talks too much. 她最大的的缺点是话太多。 2) find fault with 挑剔 He is always finding fault with me. 他总是对我百般挑剔。 3) vt. 对挑毛病 It was impossible to fault her performance. 她的演出无懈可击。
26、faultless adj. 无错的，完美的faulty adj. 有缺点的，不完整的 9. The next morning Id just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship. 第二天早上我正感到绝望的时候一艘船发现了我。 1)justabout 为副词，同almost。 这里just about=almost The apples are just about ripe now. 苹果差不多都熟了。 2)give oneself up 放弃，绝望give oneself up for 因绝望 3)lost
27、 前省去了being 4)when 此句中的when为并列连词，译为“正在这时（突然）”，常用于以下句型： be just to do when be on the point of doing sthwhen be doingwhen be about to do . when I was watching TV when a boy rushed into the door. 我正在看电视的时候（突然）有个孩子冲进来。 I was just about to leave when it began to rain. 我正要离开的时候，这时（突然）下起雨来。 She was on the p
28、oint of leaving when I arrived. 她正要离开，这时我来了。 本句句型为：had donewhen已经这时/突然 I had gone to bed when somebody knocked at my door. 我已经上睡觉，这时有人敲门。 5）spot n.（1）斑点；污点 How did you get spot on your face?你脸上的斑点是怎么弄上去的？ He is a man without a spot on his character.他是个没有任何污点的人。 （2）地点，场所 The spot where he was murdere
29、d has been found. 他被谋杀的地点已被找到。 This is the very spot where the accident happened. 这就是事故发生的地点。 （3）滴 Did you feel a few spots of rain? 下了几滴雨，你感觉到了吗？ vt. 认出，发现 The thief was spotted by the police as he was entering the bank. 那个小偷进入银行时便被警察发现。 I easily spotted him in the crowd because he was very tall. 因
30、为他个子非常高，我在人群中很容易就认出了他。 10. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. 事实是，由于我的表现，我已经通过不计报酬的工作获得了我的机会。 account n1）账户，账单 keep the account 记账 send in an account 报账 2）账户，户头 There are only 50 dollars in his account. 在他的账户上仅有50美元。 open an account 开
31、户 3）记录，报告，叙述（report, description） Here is a brief account of the meeting. 这是对会议的简短记录。 Keep an account of your daily activities. 把你每天的活动都记录下来。 phrase：of great / small / no / account 很重要/不大重要/不重要 He is a man of no account. 他是个无足轻重的人。 She was a scientist of great account. 她是个非常重要的科学家。 on account of = b
32、ecause of 由于，因为 He retired on account of poor health. 由于身体不好他退休了。 on no account 不论什么理由都不（放在句首，句子倒装） eg.On no account will I do it. 无论什么理由我都不做。 vaccount for 1）对做出解释，说明原因 How do you account for all the accidents in series? 你如何解释这接二连三发生的事故呢？ He could not account for his absence from school. 他不能对自己的上课缺席
33、做出解释。 2）导致 Bad weather accounted for the long delay. 长期的延缓是由坏天气导致的。 Ex：She has been working hard day and night, which, of course, her pale face. A. accounts for B. stands for C. goes for D. answer for 11. I went to the American embassy to seek help, but. 我去美国大使馆求助，但是 seek （sought, sought）vt.& vi. 1）
34、寻找，追求 They sought shelter from the rain. 他们找地方躲雨。 He found it worthless to seek fame. 他发现追求名声是不值钱得的。 2)请求，征求，求教 You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter. 在这件事上你应征求你律师的意见。 3）企图，试图 They sought to punish him for his crime but he escaped. 他们试图惩罚他的罪行，但他却逃跑了。 phrase：seek ones / a fortune 追求财
35、富，碰运气 seek for /after 寻找，追求 She sought for a solution to the problem. seek ones advice 征求某人的意见 Ex：In the early 1920s, thousands of people went to Australia to their fortune. A. seek B. take C. develop D. undertake 12. Patience, Mr. Adams. 耐心点，亚当斯先生。 patience n. 忍耐，以利，耐心 lose ones / be out of patienc
36、e with 对失去耐心 adj. patient 耐心的，能容忍的 be patient with sb./sth. 对有耐心 You should be more patient with others. 你应该多容忍他人一些。 13. on the contrary contrary adj. 相反的，相对的，逆向的，对抗的 They walked in contrary directions. 他们各往相反的方向走去。 on the contrary 正相反，反之 You didnt bother me. On the contrary, I like your company. 你没
37、有打扰我，相反的是，我喜欢由你做伴。 be contrary to 及相反 My opinion is contrary to yours. 我的看法及你相反。 14. amount 总额，总计，数量 What is the amount of the bill? 账单上的金额总计多少？ Phrase：a large / small amount of大量的/ 少量的 Alarge amount of money was spent on the bridge. 那座桥耗费了大量资金。 区别：a large amount of & a large number of a large amoun
38、t of 及不可数名词连用，修饰用量计算的东西。 It will take us a large amount of money and time to finish the work. a large number of 修饰可数名词，修饰用数计算的东西。 I have a large number of things to do, so I cant go to see a film with you. 15. take a chance /take chances 碰运气;投机；冒险一次 You should never take a chance when driving a car.
39、 开车时决不应冒险。 We will take a chance to go across the river. 我们要冒险度过这条河。 by chance 偶然by any chance 万一，也许 by some chance 由于偶然的机会 chances are that 很可能，大概是 Chances are that he has already arrived. 他很可能已经到了。 16. manner n. 1）方式，方法 I like ducks cooked in a Chinese manner. 我喜欢中式烤鸭。 I dont like the manner in wh
40、ich she speaks. 我不喜欢她说话的方式。 2）态度，举止 He has a rude manner, so I dont like to talk to him. 我不喜欢和他交谈，他态度很不礼貌。 He spoke in such a manner that they got angry. 他以这样的态度讲话，把他们惹生气了。 3）礼貌（常用复数形式） People dont like a person with bad manners. 人们不喜欢没有礼貌的人。 Its bad manners to stare at people. 盯着别人看是不礼貌的。17. indeed
41、 adv. 1) (表示赞同对方) 的确；实在 Are you pleased at your sons success? Yes, indeed. 2) (用以加强very等词的语气)确实，存在 I was indeed very glad to hear the news. 我听到这条消息的确非常高兴。 Thank you very much indeed. 实在太感谢你了。 第四单元1. solar adj.太阳的，日光的 solar system太阳系 solar power 太阳能; 太阳能动力 Some women now can use solar power instead o
42、f gas stoves to boil water and cook food. 现在一些妇女使用太阳能代替煤气炉烧水做饭。 solar atmosphere and solar activities太阳大气和太阳活动 lunar 月的，阴历的 lunar calendar 阴历2. violent 激烈的 ; 猛烈的; 强烈的；暴力的A shark is a kind of violent fish鲨鱼是一种有攻击性的鱼类.why do French has violent revolutions to bring about change？为什么法国靠暴力革命去寻求改变？The boat
43、 which was full of petrol sank in a _ storm at sea. A. violate B. violence C. violent D. violated选C violent ：激烈的;猛烈的;强烈的意思 The boat which was full of petrol sank in a violent storm at sea. 柴油充足的船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没了。 3. in time有及时;迟早的意思,意指正赶上时候或恰在需要的时候, on time是准时;按时之意。 We were just in time for(或to catch) t
44、he bus.(我们及时赶上了公共汽车) The train pulled in on time.(火车准时到站了)4. harmful adj. 有害的be harmful for sth/doing sth be harmful to sb/sth 在某些情况可以通用be good for “对有好处” be bad for 对不好be harmful to “对有害处”对某人有好处：do good to sb/be good for sb 对某人有坏处：do harm to sb/be bad for sbbe harmful to相当于do harm to =do sb (great/much) harm=be bad for5.lay eggs 下蛋 lay 及lie： lay : lay - laid - laid 产卵，下蛋；放，搁 lie : 1）lie - lied - lied 撒谎2）lie - lay - lain 躺着；平放lay the table 摆桌子 lay up 储存；搁置 lay over 推迟 lay the blame on 责怪