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1、。-可编辑修改-经济常识经济学是研究如何将稀缺的资源有效地配置于相互竞争的用途之中，以使人类欲望得到最大满足的科学。在我国的语境下，经济学可以分为马克思主义政治经济学与现代西方经济学。马克思主义政治经济学是以社会生产关系及其发展规律为研究对象的学科，其提出的剩余价值理论科学的揭示了资本主义社会剥削的实质。现代西方经济学分为微观经济学与宏观经济学。其中微观经济学是研究价格决定理论的学科，揭示了自由竞争市场中价格的决定与社会均衡的实现。宏观经济学又分为国内宏观经济学与国际经济学，国内宏观经济学研究一个国家经济的短期均衡与长期增长，提出短期内对经济进行宏观调控的方案及长期实现经济稳定增长的方法；国际
2、经济学研究对外贸易、国际金融对一国及他国的影响。在常识判断的历年考题中，马克思主义政治经济学的内容考查很少，而对西方经济学的考查着重于对宏观调控政策即财政政策与货币政策的考查。第一节马克思主义政治经济学一、商品1.商品的科学含义。-可编辑修改-商品是用于交换的劳动产品，所以不蕴含人类劳动及自给自足而不用于交换的物品都不是商品。商品是使用价值与价值的结合。商品的使用价值是商品能满足人们某种需要的属性，有使用价值的物品才能实现交换变为商品。商品的价值是凝结在商品中的无差别的人类劳动。价值是商品的本质因素，所有不耗费劳动而得到的东西一定不是商品。二者的关系是：使用价值是价值的物质承担者；价值通过使用
3、价值表现出来，没有合格的使用价值，价值不能得到实现。2.生产商品的劳动二重性生产商品涉及到具体劳动和抽象劳动，具体劳动创造商品的使用价值，而抽象劳动形成商品的价值。所以商品价值的实体是抽象劳动。3.商品经济商品经济是指直接以交换为目的的经济形式。与商品经济相对的概念是自然经济，即自给自足的经济。社会主义市场经济是商品经济。4.商品的价值量（1）商品的价值量指商品价值的大小，它由生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定的。（2）社会必要劳动时间是指在社会现有的正常的生产条件下，在社会平均的劳动熟练程度和劳动强度下制造某种使用价值所需要的劳动时间。社会必要劳动时间越长，商品的价值量越大，社会必要劳动时间越短
4、，商品价值量越低。文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码
5、:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9
6、 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8
7、ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档
8、编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10
9、D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z
10、8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6。-可编辑修改-（3）商品价值量与劳动生产率成反比关系。社会劳动生产率越高，商品价值量越小，价格降低。比如智能手机价格的下降就是因为社会劳动生产率的提高。小例子：手机的价值由社会生产手机的平均时间决定，而不由你自己生产手机的时间决定的。由于技术越
11、来越先进，手机的生产效率越来越高，因此生产每一部手机所需要的时间就越少，即凝结在每部里面的社会必要劳动时间越少，这是手机售价越来越低的原因。二、货币1.货币的含义货币是固定的充当一般等价物的特殊商品。2.货币的产生过程偶然的物物交换扩大的物物交换一般等价物为媒介的交换货币为媒介的交换。3.货币的五大职能（1）价值尺度：货币的衡量其他商品价值大小的职能。（2）流通手段：货币充当商品交换媒介的职能。在我们平常的商品买卖过程中货币所发挥的就是这种职能。（3）支付手段：是指货币在商品赊购赊销过程中的延期支付，以及用于清偿债务或支付赋税、租金、工资等职能。（4）贮藏手段：是指货币退出流通领域，当作独立的
12、价值形态和文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2
13、S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6
14、Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A
15、2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:C
16、V2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 H
17、J6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB
18、8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6。-可编辑修改-社会财富的一般代表而保存起来。（5）世界货币：是指货币越出国内流通领域，而在世界市场上执行一般等价物作用的职能。例 1.在下列经济行为中，属于货币执行流通手段职能的是（）。A.水果店给苹果标价每公斤2 元B.顾客购买 5 公斤苹果，一周后
19、付款10 元C.顾客向水果店以每公斤2 元的价格预定 5 公斤苹果D.顾客用 10 元现金购买 5 公斤苹果解析：D。A 项中货币执行的价值尺度职能；B 项是支付手段职能；C 项也是支付手段；D 项一手交钱一手交货，是流通手段职能。故选 D。4.纸币（1）纸币的含义纸币是由国家发行并强制流通的货币符号，它在市场经济中是主要的货币存在形式。纸币的发行机构通常是一国的中央银行。我国的纸币由我国的中央银行即中国人民银行负责发行。（2）纸币与通货膨胀通货膨胀即物价全面持续的上涨。通货膨胀是纸币流通条件才会发生现象。当纸币发行量超过商品流通对货币的真实需求时，就会产生通货膨胀。三、价值规律文档编码:CV
20、2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ
21、6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8
22、A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:
23、CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9
24、HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 Z
25、B8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编
26、码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6。-可编辑修改-价值规律是指商品的价值量由生产这种商品的社会必要劳动时间决定，商品交换要以价值量为基础，实行等价交换。价值规律是商品经济的基本规律。价值规律是通过价格受供求关系影响围绕价值上下波动表现出来的。第二节微观经济学经济学的创始人是英国人亚当斯密，他于1776 年完成的
27、国富论是经济学科的开山之作，所以他被人称为经济学的鼻祖。他提出了著名的“看不见的手”理论，认为政府不应该过多的干预经济，经济本身可以良好的运行。一、微观经济学基本假设1.经济人假设经济活动中，任何个体都是以利己为动机的理性人，总是力图以最小的经济代价去追逐和获取自身最大的经济利益。2.资源稀缺性假设在经济学家看来，只有稀缺性的东西，才值得人们花费代价和精力去追求。稀缺性既是现实中存在的普遍现象，也是经济学家研究经济问题的前提假设。文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文
28、档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H1
29、0D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6
30、Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N
31、6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1
32、H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6
33、S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L
34、1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6。-可编辑修改-二、基本原理1.机会成本原理当我们把一种资源用于生产某种物品时，就必然会放弃掉另外一些物品的生产，这样，那些被我们所放弃掉的其他物品的生产，所能产生的最大利益，就是目前你所进行选择的机会成本。比如说，今天你用一个小时来学习常识判断课程，那么你就会少一个小时去约会、上网、睡觉、或者出去玩，假如在这些放弃的选择中，约会对你来说是效用最高的，那么，现在你学习常识判断的代价或成本，就是所放弃的约会可能获得的快乐。2.最
35、优化行为原理在经济活动中，个人的选择是有目的的，他们努力要用有限的资源，获取最大的收益，这就是最优化行为原理。三、微观市场主体微观市场主体指在市场上从事生产和交换活动的组织和个人，包括自然人和法人。具体包括企业、个人和政府等，其中最重要的是企业。1.企业企业是最主要的市场主体之一，企业的经营形式有很多，公司制是其中一种重要的形式。文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L
36、1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y
37、6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6
38、L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S
39、5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y
40、5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2
41、G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV
42、2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6。-可编辑修改-（1）公司的含义：依法成立的、由法定数额的股东构成的、以盈利为目的的企业法人。（2）类别：股份有限公司、有限责任公司股份有限公司：又称股份公司，是通过发行股票的方式进行合资经营的企业。有限责任公司：不通过发行股票，而由为数不多的股东共同组成公司。股票是股份公司发给股东的入股凭证，是一种有价证券。股份制的特点是财产占有方式的社会化。2.现代企业制度现代企业制度是以市场经济为基础，以企业法人制度为主体，以有限责任制度为核心，以产权清晰、权责明确、管理科学为条件的新型企业制度。有限公司在现代企业中最具有典型性和代表性
43、，是现代企业制度的主要组织形式。四、微观经济学的核心理论微观经济学的核心理论是价格理论。商品价格是由商品的供给和需求双方共同决定的，当市场供给大于需求时商品价格下降；当市场需求大于供给时商品价格上升。五、微观经济学的结论与主张文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5
44、Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G
45、6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2
46、S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6
47、Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A
48、2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:C
49、V2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6文档编码:CV2S5L1H10D9 HJ6Y5Y6S6Z8 ZB8A2G6L1N6。-可编辑修改-微观经济学的结论是，完
50、全竞争的市场可以实现经济效率的最优化。所以鼓励市场竞争，反对垄断，认为政府只有应该就市场失灵的部分对经济进行适度调节，反对政府对经济的过度干预。市场失灵的情况包括四种：垄断、信息不对称、公共物品、外部性。例 1.(2016 年联考)下列经济学基本术语与项目内容之间对应错误的是：A.固定成本：企业建造的厂房B.不变资本：企业购入的原材料C.变动成本：企业总经理的工资报酬D.机会成本：为投资股票提前支取定期存款而损失的利息解析：。固定成本又叫不变成本，是指成本总额在一定时期和一定业务量范围内，不受业务量增减变动影响而能保持不变的成本，企业厂房在建立后其成本显然不会随业务量变动而变动，故正确。变动成