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1、溶液知识部分考点 1 溶液的形成1.溶液定义一种或几种物质分散到另一种物质里,形成均一的、稳定的混合物。溶液可能是固体或气体,如空气、合金、玻璃。组成溶剂(溶解别人物质)+溶质(被溶解的)溶剂规则:其他物质溶于水,水就是溶剂;气体溶于液体,液体是溶剂;液体互溶,质量大的为溶剂;用水作溶剂,则不用说明溶剂。溶质规则:如果溶质与溶剂反应,则溶液中的溶质是反应后的物质,如铁与硫酸反应,硫酸亚铁是溶质。溶液名称往往溶质在前,溶剂在后。如果溶剂是水可以不说。如食盐水,食盐是溶质,水是溶剂;碘酒,碘是溶质,酒精是溶剂;硫酸亚铁溶液,硫酸亚铁是溶质,水是溶剂。溶液的质量溶质的质量溶剂的质量。溶液的体积 溶质
2、的体积溶剂的体积,如酒精溶液的体积就小于酒精的体积和水的体积和。特征均一性 指溶液中各部分的浓度和性质都相同。稳定性 外界条件不变(温度、压强不改变,溶剂不蒸发)时,溶质、溶剂不分层,也不会析出固体。注意:均一、稳定的液体不一定是溶液,如水特别注意:溶液不一定没有颜色,如硫酸铜溶液是蓝色的,高锰酸钾溶液是紫红色的。一种溶液中可以含一种或多种溶质,但只有一种溶剂。2.溶解时的吸、放热现象现象模型图范例原理吸热现象如硝酸铵NH4NO3(几乎所有铵根盐)溶于水中扩散过程吸收的热量 水合过程放出的热量,整个溶解过程表现为吸热放热现象浓 H2SO4、NaOH、等溶于水中扩散过程吸收的热量 水合过程放出的
3、热量,整个溶解过程表现为放热不放热,不吸热现象如 NaCl溶于水扩散过程吸收的热量=水合过程放出的热量,整个溶解过程表现为不放热、不吸热特别注意:扩散过程:溶质的分子(或离子)向水中扩散,吸收热量。水合过程:溶质分子(或离子)和水分子作用,生成水合分子(或水合离子),放出热量。文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X
4、4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M
5、9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:
6、CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G
7、1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9
8、HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J
9、10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R
10、4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9CaO溶于水放热的原因是CaO和 H2O 反应生成 Ca(OH)2时,释放能量。3.悬浊液、乳浊液与乳化作用(1)悬浊液、乳浊液定义范例特性共性悬浊液由 固 体 小 颗粒 分 散 到 液体 里 形 成 的混合物钡餐(硫酸钡的悬浊液)、粉刷墙壁用的涂料、黄河水很 容易 分层均 不 是 溶液;均 不 具 备均一、稳定的特征乳浊液由 小 液 滴 分散 到 液 体 里形 成 的 混 合物 叫 做 乳 浊液。农业上,一般把不 溶 于 水 的 液体 农 药 配 制 成乳浊液很 容易 沉淀(2)乳化
11、作用:洗涤剂把大液滴变成小液滴,从而增强乳浊液的稳定性,可以随水冲走。但是,这仍旧是乳浊液,稳定但不均一,不是溶液。如洗涤剂具有乳化作用,它能使油污分散成无数细小的液滴,随水流去。特别注意:以下两种除污和乳化作用无关。用汽油洗衣服时,油污能溶解在汽油里,形成溶液,随着汽油挥发油污就能被带走。用食醋除去水壶中水垢,利用醋酸和水垢中某些物质发生反应。考点 2 饱和溶液与不饱和溶液的相互转化1.饱和溶液与不饱和溶液的相互转化饱和溶液不饱和溶液文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4
12、T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档
13、编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4
14、P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6
15、K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8
16、H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y
17、10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 Z
18、X2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9理解明确“一定温度”和“一定量的溶剂”。改变溶剂量或温度时,饱和溶液与不饱和溶液是可以互相转化的。指明是哪种溶质的饱和或不饱和溶液。例如,在一定温度下一种溶质的饱和溶液仍可以溶解其他溶质。比如 27.C下,NaCl饱和溶液仍可以溶解蔗糖。水和酒精能以任意体积互溶,形不成饱和溶液。判断某温度下,往溶液中加入溶质,如果溶质不能继续
19、溶解,则该溶液是饱和溶液。如27.C向 100mL水中加入硝酸钾粉末,搅拌后硝酸钾全部溶解。说明该溶液不饱和。当溶液中出现硝酸钾结晶时,说明硝酸钾不能继续溶解;该溶液达到饱和。转化(万能操作)多数物质在一定量水中溶解的最大量随温度的升高而降低(如硝酸盐),此类物质的不饱和溶液转化为饱和溶液时,要降温温度;若把饱和溶液转化成不饱和溶液,要升高温度。极少数物质在一定量水中溶解的最大量随温度的升高而降低(如熟石灰),此类物质的不饱和溶液转化为饱和溶液时,要升高温度;若把饱和溶液转化成不饱和溶液,要降低温度。更少数物质(氯化钠)在一定量水中溶解的最大量受温度的升降影响不大。与浓、稀 溶液 关系饱和溶液
20、不一定是浓溶液,不饱和溶液不一定是稀溶液。如难溶物质,很稀的溶液就饱和了;像酒精由于无限可溶,到了90%仍旧不是饱和溶液。在一定温度时,同一种溶质的饱和溶液要比它的不饱和溶液浓。不饱和溶液恒温蒸发溶剂、加溶质加溶剂饱和溶液文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H
21、7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y1
22、0R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX
23、2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T
24、4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编
25、码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P
26、9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K
27、9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M92 混合物分离方法结晶定义已溶解在溶液中的溶质以晶体形式析出的过程叫结晶,析出晶体后溶液叫母液。方法蒸发溶剂(如 NaCl)、降低温度(硝酸盐等)、升高温度(Ca(OH)2等)操作从硝酸钾和氯化钠固体混合物提取硝酸钾硝酸钾和氯化钠固体混合物溶解到热水中,形成饱和溶液冷却(降低温度)析出晶体(硝酸钾晶体)硝酸钾晶体洗涤、干燥母液蒸发掉部分溶剂,配成热的饱和溶液,重复上述步骤(获得硝酸钾晶体)如果觉得这样结晶的产物还不够纯,可以对晶体重复结晶过程范围分离两种可溶于水的物质,一种的溶解度受温度影响大,另一种受温度影响小。特例除去氯化钠中少量的硝酸
28、钾:蒸发溶剂结晶法(蒸发溶剂)除去硝酸钾中少量的氯化钠:冷却热饱和溶液结晶法(高温溶解、降温、过滤)特别提示:蒸发溶剂时溶液浓度不变,冷却热饱和溶液时溶液浓度变小。关于物质分离的其他方法,见“物质的除杂和分离”。考点 3 溶解度及其利用1.固体溶解度定义在一定温度下,某固体物质在 100g溶剂里达到饱和状态时所溶解的质量。文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1
29、U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 H
30、R8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J1
31、0Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4
32、 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4
33、U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9
34、文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:C
35、J4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9要素必须指明具体的温度,溶解性才有意义。溶剂的质量是100g。固体在溶解在溶液中,必须达到饱和状态。溶解度的单位通常是 g。影响因素(内因)溶质性质、溶剂性质;(外因)温度。一般来说,温度越高,固体的溶解度越大。少数固体物质的溶解度随温度升高的变化不大,如NaCl;极少数固体物质的溶解度随温度升高而降低,如Ca(OH)22.气体溶解度定义在压强为 101kPa和一定温度时,气体溶解在 1 体积水里达到饱和状态时的气体体积。气体的溶解度没有单
36、位。影响因素(内因)气体的性质、水的性质;(外因)温度、压强。一般来说,温度越高,气体的溶解度越小;压强越大,气体的溶解度越大。特例打开汽水瓶,压强减小,气体溶解度减小,大量气泡冒出;凉白开不能养鱼,因为煮沸过程中,温度升高氧气溶解度减少,凉白开中几乎不含氧气。3.溶解度曲线(详见“专题六溶解度和溶解度曲线的应用”)在平面直角坐标系中用横坐标表示温度,纵坐标表示溶解度,通过实验测出某物质在不同温度下的溶解度,用坐标点来表示,并将这些坐标点连接成一条平滑的曲线,这条曲线就称为溶解度曲线。文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U
37、6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR
38、8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10
39、Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4
40、ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U
41、4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文
42、档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ
43、4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9考点 4 溶质的质量分数1.溶质的质量分数%100%100溶剂质量溶质质量溶质质量溶液质量溶质质量溶质的质量分数特别提醒:使用该公式时的注意事项:溶质的质量是指形成溶液的那部分溶质,没有进入溶液的溶质不应考虑。(计算溶质质量时要考虑溶解度)。溶液的质量包括溶液中所有溶质的质量。
44、上下的单位要统一。2.溶液的稀释计算(1)稀释的方法:加入溶剂或加入低浓度溶液。(2)依据:稀释前后溶液中的溶质的质量不变。(3)关系式:加水稀释:A a%=B b%或 A a%=(A+m水)b%(A代表浓溶液质量,a%是它的溶质质量分数,B代表稀释后溶液质量,b%代表它的溶质质量分数,m水代表加入水的质量)。:加入稀溶液:A a%+C c%=(A+C)d%(C代表稀溶液质量,c%是它的溶质质量分数,d%代表混合后所得溶液的溶质质量分数)。文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4
45、U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9
46、文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:C
47、J4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1
48、U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 H
49、R8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J1
50、0Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4 ZX2X4U4T4M9文档编码:CJ4P9G1U6K9 HR8H7J10Y10R4