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1、专题必背 04 力学中的功能关系【必背知识点】一、求功的方法比较1恒力做功的求法(1)应用公式 WFs cos其中 是 F、s间的夹角(2)用动能定理(从做功的效果)求功:此公式可以求恒力做功也可以求变力做功特别提醒:(1)应用动能定理求的功是物体所受合外力的功,而不是某一个力的功(2)合外力的功也可用W合F合scos或 W合F1s1cos F2s2cos 求解2变力做功的求法名称适用条件求法平 均 值法变力 F是位移 s 的线性函数WFs cos图象法已知力 F与位移 s的 Fs图象图象下方的面积表示力做的功功率法已知力 F做功的功率恒定WPt 转换法力的大小不变,方向改变,如阻力做功,通过
2、滑轮连接将拉力对物体做功转换为力对绳子做功,阻力做功 WFfs 功能法一般变力、曲线运动、直线运动W 合Ek 或 W 其他 E 特别提醒:(1)摩擦力既可以做正功,也可以做负功,还可以不做功(2)相互摩擦的系统内:一对静摩擦力做功的代数和总为零,静摩擦力起着传递机械能的作用,而没有机械能转化为其他形式的能;一对滑动摩擦力做功的代数和等于摩擦力与相对路程的乘积,其值为负值,WFf s相对,且 Ff s相对 E损Q内能二、两种功率表达式的比较1 功率的定义式:PWt,所求出的功率是时间t 内的平均功率2功率的计算式:PFvcos,其中 是力与速度间的夹角,该公式有两种用法:(1)求某一时刻的瞬时功
3、率这时F 是该时刻的作用力大小,v取瞬时值,对应的 P为 F在该时刻的瞬时功率;(2)当 v为某段位移(时间)内的平均速度时,则要求这段位移(时间)文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O
4、3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I
5、4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1
6、F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4
7、C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1
8、Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码
9、:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2内 F必须为恒力,对
10、应的P为 F在该段时间内的平均功率特别提醒:公式 PFv cos 在高中阶段常用于机车类问题的处理,此时 P指发动机的输出功率,F 为牵引力,Ff为阻力,则任一时刻都满足 PF v,机车任一状态的加速度aFFfm,当机车匀速运动时,FFf,PF vFf v.三、对动能定理的理解1对公式的理解(1)计算式为标量式,没有方向性,动能的变化为末动能减去初动能(2)研究对象是单一物体或可以看成单一物体的整体(3)公式中的位移和速度必须是相对于同一参考系,一般以地面为参考系2动能定理的优越性(1)适用范围广:应用于直线运动,曲线运动,单一过程,多过程,恒力做功,变力做功(2)应用便捷:公式不涉及物体运动
11、过程的细节,不涉及加速度和时间问题,应用时比牛顿运动定律和运动学方程方便,而且能解决牛顿运动定律不能解决的变力问题和曲线运动问题【必背方法技巧】文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3
12、HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B
13、10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5
14、 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4
15、H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2
16、文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:C
17、B7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2动力学规律优先原则(1)
18、对于单个物体,涉及位移的应优先选用动能定理,涉及运动时间的优先选用动量定理。(2)若是多个物体组成的系统,则优先考虑机械能守恒定律、能量守恒定律与动量守恒定律。(3)若涉及系统内物体间的相对路程并涉及滑动摩擦力做功要优先考虑能量守恒定律。文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R
19、10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 H
20、N6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B1
21、0U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5
22、ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H
23、7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文
24、档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2文档编码:CB7M1N5R10O3 HN6I4B10U1F5 ZL4C4H7V1Y2