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1、2022 年中考化学总复习初三化学复习重点知识点总结（精华版）物质俗名及其对应的化学式和化学名化学式俗名化学式俗名化学式俗名C 金刚石、石墨CaO 生石灰、氧化钙NaOH 苛性钠、火碱、烧碱CO2干冰（固体二氧化碳）Ca(OH)2熟石灰、消石灰NaHCO3小苏打C2H5OH 酒精、乙醇：NH3氨气（碱性）NH3 H2O 氨水、一水合氨Hg 水银、汞Na2CO3纯碱、苏打CaCO3大理石、石灰石Cu2(OH)2CO3铜绿、孔雀石NaNO2工业用盐、有毒CuSO4 5H2O 胆矾、蓝矾1 1.常见物质的名称、化学式、俗称及主要物理性质名称化学式俗称主要物理性质硫S 硫磺黄色固体，不溶于水；易溶于有
2、机溶剂。二氧化碳CO2 固体俗称干冰无色气体、能溶于水、密度比空气大，固体干冰易升华。一氧化碳CO 煤气无色、无味气体、难溶于水，密度比空气略小，有毒性。甲烷CH4 沼气、坑气无色、无味气体，极难溶于水，密度小于空气。乙醇C2H5OH 酒精无色透明，具有特殊气味的易挥发的液体，可与水任意互溶。乙酸CH3COOH 醋酸、冰醋酸无色有刺激性酸味的液体，易溶于水，固体称冰醋酸。氧化钙CaO 生石灰白色固体，易吸水，有腐蚀性。氧化铁Fe2O3 铁锈、赤铁矿红色固体，不溶于水。四氧化Fe3O4 磁铁矿黑色固体，不溶于水。文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档
3、编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9
4、T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档
5、编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9
6、T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档
7、编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9
8、T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档
9、编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T5文档编码:CA6D5S5T2V6 HQ8K9T7K3Y5 ZT7K6T5S3T52 三铁氢氧化钠NaOH 火碱、烧碱、苛性钠白色固体，极易溶于水，易潮解，有强腐蚀性。氢氧化钙Ca(OH)2熟石灰、消石灰、石灰水白色粉末状固体，微溶于水，有腐蚀性。碳酸钠Na2CO3 纯碱、口碱、苏打白色粉末状固体，易溶于水且吸湿结块。碳酸钠晶体Na2CO3 10H2O 无色晶体，易失水风化。碳酸氢钠NaHCO3 小苏打白色晶体，易溶于水，但溶解度比 Na2CO3小。氯化钠NaCl 食盐碳酸钙CaCO3 石灰石、大理石白色固体，不溶于水。
10、硫酸铜CuSO4白色粉末状固体，溶于水，其水溶液为蓝色。硫酸铜晶体CuSO4 5H2O 蓝矾、胆矾蓝色晶体。文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10
11、 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W1
12、0 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W
13、10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4
14、W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E
15、4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3
16、E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G
17、3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E83 高锰酸钾KMnO4灰锰氧紫色有光泽晶体，溶于水，其水溶液为紫色。碱式碳酸铜Cu2(OH)2CO3铜绿绿色粉末状固体，不溶于水。氯化银AgCl 新制得为白色凝乳状沉淀，不溶于稀硝酸。硫酸钡BaSO4 天然产称重晶石白色固体，不溶于水，不溶于稀硝酸。氢氧化铁Fe(OH)3新制得为红褐色沉淀。氢氧化铜Cu(OH)2新制得为蓝色沉淀。2.几种常见药品的存放药品性质保存方法白磷着火点低，易自燃，不跟水放入冷水中浓硫酸易吸收空气中的水分（吸水放入玻璃瓶内，瓶塞要严浓盐酸易挥发放入玻璃瓶内，瓶塞要严浓硝酸易挥发放入玻璃瓶内，瓶塞要严氧化钙易吸水，易与空气中二氧化密封于
18、干燥试剂瓶中固体氢氧化易潮解，易与空气中二氧化密封于干燥试剂瓶中文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6
19、S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F
20、6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4
21、F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX
22、4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:C
23、X4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:
24、CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E84 1.
25、地壳中含量最多的金属元素是铝（Al）。2.地壳中含量最多的非金属元素是氧（O2）。3.空气中含量最多的物质是氮气（N2）4.天然存在最硬的物质是金刚石（C）。5.最简单的有机物是甲烷。（CH4）6.金属活动顺序表中活动性最强的金属是钾（K）。7.相对分子质量最小的氧化物是水（H2O）。最简单的有机化合物CH4常见物质的颜色的状态1.白色固体：MgO、P2O5、CaO、NaOH、Ca(OH)2、KClO3、KCl、Na2CO3、NaCl、无水 CuSO4；铁、镁为银白色（汞为银白色液态）2.黑色固体：石墨、炭粉、铁粉、CuO、MnO2、Fe3O4KMnO4为紫黑色。3.红色固体：Cu、Fe2O3
26、、HgO、红磷硫：淡黄色 Cu2(OH)2CO3为绿色文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y1
27、0F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y
28、10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10
29、Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S1
30、0Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S
31、10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6
32、S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E85 4.溶液的颜色
33、：凡含Cu2+的溶液呈蓝色；凡含Fe2+的溶液呈浅绿色；凡含 Fe3+的溶液呈棕黄色，其余溶液一般为无色。（高锰酸钾溶液为紫红色）5.沉淀(即不溶于水的盐和碱）：盐：白色 ：CaCO3、BaCO3（溶于酸）AgCl、BaSO4(不溶于稀HNO3)等碱：蓝色 ：Cu(OH)2红褐色 ：Fe(OH)3 白色：Mg(OH)2。6.（1）具有刺激性气体的气体：NH3、SO2、HCl（皆为无色）（2）无色无味的气体：O2、H2、N2、CO2、CH4、CO（剧毒）注意：具有刺激性气味的液体：盐酸、硝酸、醋酸。酒精为有特殊气体的液体。7.有毒的，气体：CO 液体：CH3OH；固体：NaNO2 CuSO4(可
34、作杀菌剂,与熟石灰混合配成天蓝色的粘稠状物质波尔多液)解题技巧和说明推断题解题技巧看其颜色，观其状态，察其变化，初代验之，验而得之。文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2
35、HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2
36、 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F
37、2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10
38、F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y1
39、0F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y
40、10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10
41、Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E86 黑色：MnO2、CuO、Fe3O4、C、FeS（硫化亚铁）蓝色：CuSO4?5H2O、Cu(OH)2.CuCO3.含 Cu2+溶液、液态固态 O2（淡蓝色）红色：Cu（亮红色）、Fe2O3（红棕色）、红磷（暗红色）黄色：硫磺（单质S）、含 Fe3+的溶液（棕黄色）绿 色：FeSO4?7H2O、含 Fe2+的 溶 液（浅 绿 色）、碱 式 碳 酸 铜Cu2(OH)2CO3 无色气体：N2、CO2、CO、O2、H2、CH4有色气体：Cl2（黄绿色）、NO2（红棕色）有刺激性气味的气体：NH3(此气体可使湿润 pH 试纸变蓝色)、SO2
42、有臭鸡蛋气味：H2S(二)解实验题看清题目要求是什么，要做的是什么，这样做的目的是什么。实验用到的气体要求是比较纯净，除去常见杂质具体方法：除水蒸气可用：浓流酸、CaCl2固体、碱石灰、无水CuSO4(并且可以检验杂质中有无水蒸气，有则颜色由白色蓝色)、生石灰等;除 CO2可用：澄清石灰水（可检验出杂质中有无CO2）、NaOH 溶液、KOH 溶液、碱石灰等;文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG
43、9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 Z
44、G9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10
45、ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10
46、 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W1
47、0 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W
48、10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4
49、W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E87 除 HCl 气体可用：AgNO3溶液（可检验出杂质中有无HCl）、石灰水、NaOH 溶液、KOH 溶液;除气体杂质的原则：用某物质吸收杂质或跟杂质反应，但不能吸收或跟有效成份反应，或者生成新的杂质。2.实验注意的地方：防爆炸：点燃可燃性气体（如H2、CO、CH4）前，要检验气体纯度。防暴沸：稀释浓硫酸时，将
50、浓硫酸倒入水中，不能把水倒入浓硫酸中。防中毒：进行有关有毒气体（如：CO、SO2、NO2）的性质实验时，在通风厨中进行；并要注意尾气的处理：CO 点燃烧掉；SO2、NO2用碱液吸收。防倒吸：加热法制取并用排水法收集气体，要注意熄灯顺序实验室制取三大气体中常见的要除的杂质：(1)制 O2要除的杂质：水蒸气（H2O）(2)用盐酸和锌粒制 H2要除的杂质：水蒸气（H2O）、氯化氢气体（HCl，盐酸酸雾）（用稀硫酸没此杂质）文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码:CX4F6S10Y10F2 HM3S5G3E4W10 ZG9F1A5W3E8文档编码