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1、机电传动控制期末考试试卷及答案一、分析与简答题1.请简述机电传动系统稳定运行的条件。a)电动机的机械特性曲线n=f（TM）和生产机械的特性曲线n=f（TL）有交点（即拖动系统的平衡点）；b)当转速大于平衡点所对应的转速时，TMTL，即若干扰使转速上升，当干扰消除后应有 TMTL。而当转速小于平衡点所对应的转速时，TMTL，即若干扰使转速下降，当干扰消除后应有TMTL。2.请解释机电传动系统稳定运行的含义。a)是系统应能以一定速度匀速运转b)是系统受某种外部干扰作用（如电压波动、负责转矩波动等）而使运行速度稍有变化时，应保证在干扰消除后系统能恢复到原来的运行速度。3.请简述并励发电机电压能建立的
2、条件。a)发电机的磁极要有剩磁；b)起始励磁电流所产生的磁场的方向与剩磁磁场的方向相同；c)励磁电阻不能过大。4.请简述电动机制动的稳定制动和过渡制动状态的共同点和不同点。a)两种制动状态的区别在于转速是否变化b)两种制动状态的相同点在于电动机发出的转矩与转速方向相反。5.请简述直流他励电动机的三种制动方式的接线方法。a)反馈制动为正常接法；b)反接制动：电源倒拉反接改变电枢电压的极性；倒拉反接制动在电枢电路内串入附加电阻；c)能耗制动将外部电枢电压降为零，并将电枢串接一个附加电阻短接。6.为什么直流电动机直接启动时启动电流很大？精品w o r d 学习资料 可编辑资料-精心整理-欢迎下载-第
3、 1 页，共 28 页因电枢加上额定电压，而电枢电阻很小，故aNSTRUI很大。7.对电动机的启动有哪些主要要求？a)启动转矩大，电流小b)平滑，安全可靠c)简单方便，功耗小8.直流他励电动机启动时，若在加上励磁电流之前就把电枢电压加上，这时会产生什么后果（从 TL=0 和 TL=TN两种情况加以说明）？a)TL=0 时飞车b)TL=TN时电枢电流很大。9.有静差调节系统和无静差调节系统的含义是什么？a)依靠被调量（如转速）与给定量之间的偏差来进行调节，使被调亮接近不变，但又必须具有偏差（即0U）的反馈控制系统，即有静差调节系统。该系统中采用比例调节器。b)依靠偏差进行调节，使被调量等于给定量
4、（即0U）的反馈控制系统，即无静差调节系统。该系统中采用比例积分调节器。10.什么叫调速范围？什么叫静差度？这两项静态指标之间有何关系？a)调 速范 围 是 指 电动 机 在 额 定 负 载 下 最 高 转 速 和最 低 转 速 之比，即minmax/nnD；b)静差率是指负载由理想空载转速到额定负载所对应的转速降落于理想空载转速之比，即0/nnSc)D 与 S 之间是相互关联的，调速范围是指在最低转速时还能满足给定静差率要求的转速可调范围；对静差率要求越小，允许的调速范围也越小。11.试说明图中几种情况下系统的运行状态是加速？减速？还是匀速？（图中箭头方向为转矩的实际作用方向）精品w o r
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