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1、1 建筑物电子信息系统防雷技术规范学习辅导摘要 建筑物雷电环境风险评估计算,线路屏蔽、等电位和SPD 参数选择等。关键詞 雷电环境风险评估防雷接地防雷工程施工(福州350001)福建省防雷中心王燐藩雷电高电压以及雷电电磁脉冲侵入所产生的电磁效应、热效应都会对系统和设备造成干扰或永久性损坏。建筑物安装防雷装置后,并非万无一失的。只可能将雷电灾害降低到最低限度,减小设备遭受雷击损害的风险。雷电防护工程设计的依据之一是雷电防护分级,其关键问题是防雷工程按照什么等级进行设计,而雷电防护分级的依据,就是对工程所处地区的雷电环境进行风险评估,按照风险评估的结果确定系统是否需要防护,需要什么等级的防护。因此
2、,雷电环境的风险评估是工程设计必不可少的环节。雷电环境风险评估其目的是使防雷设计建立在科学的基础上,避免盲目性,保证防雷工程安全可靠,技术先进,经济合理。雷击按雷击点可分为四种:1.雷击建筑物;2.雷击建筑物附近大地;3.雷击入户服务设施;4.雷击入户服务设施附近大地。造成的损害有三种:1.由于接触和跨步电压造成生物触电;2.物理损害(如火灾、爆炸、机械损坏和化学品泄露等);3.电气和电子系统由于过电压而失效或故障。一、按雷击风险评估确定雷电防护等级 A.设:福州某小区新建筑物,高度51.05m,长度 35m,宽度 24.7m,年平均雷暴日数福州 53 天/a,该建筑物高压埋地线缆L=500m
3、,低压埋地线缆 L=200m,信号埋地线缆L=500m,ds=250 m。新建筑物属智能建筑,计算该建筑物预计雷击次数及属第几类防雷建筑,并按雷击风险评估确定雷电防护等级。答:1.建筑物年预计雷击次数N1应按下式确定:N1=kNgAe(次/年),式中:N1-建筑物年预计雷击次数(次/年);k-校正系数;k=1、1.5、1.7、2.0(根据建筑物所处的不同地理环境取值)。在一般情况下取1;位于河边、湖边、山坡下或山地中土壤电阻率较小处、地下水露头处、土山顶部、山谷风口等处的建筑物,以及特别潮湿的建筑物取1.5;金属屋面的砖木结构建筑物取1.7;位于旷野孤立的建筑物取2.Ng-建筑物所处地区雷击大
4、地的年平均密度 次/(km2a)Ng=0.024Td1.3Td-年平均雷暴日(d/a)。根据当地气象台、站资料确定;Ae-与建筑物截收相同雷击次数的等效面积(km2);D-建筑物每边的扩大宽度(m);L、W、H-分别为建筑物的长、宽、高(m)。k 取 1 Ng=0.024Td1.3 Ng=0.024531.3=4.192 Ae=LW+2(L+W)D+H(200-H)10-6=0.035 D=H(200-H)1/2 N1=kNgAe=0.147(次/年)属二类防雷建筑物。当建筑物的高度 H等于或大于 100m时,Ae按下式确定:Ae=LW+2H(L+W)+H2 10-62.建筑物入户设施年预计雷
5、击次数N2应按下式确定:N2=NgAe(次/年)=4.19Ae =4.19(Ae1+Ae2)=4.19(0.0125+0.1+0.25)=1.52 见建筑物电子信息系统防雷技术规范62页附表 2“入户设施的截收面积(km2)”(以下简称电子防雷规范)附表 2 入户设施的截收面积Ae参数线缆敷设方式L(m)ds(m)备注100 250 500 低压电源埋地线缆200 0.04 0.10 0.20 Ae1=2 ds L10-6500 0.10 0.25 0.50 1000 0.20 0.50 1.0 高压电源埋地线缆200 0.002 0.005 0.01 Ae1=0.1 dsL10-6500 0
6、.005 0.0125 0.025 1000 0.01 0.025 0.05 埋地信号线缆200 0.04 0.10 0.2 Ae2 =2 dsL 10-6500 0.1 0.25 0.5 1000 0.20 0.5 1.0 Ae=(Ae1+Ae2)Ae-建筑物入户设施等效截收面积(km2);Ae1-电源线缆入户设施的截收面积(km2);Ae2-信号线缆入户设施的截收面积(km2);ds-土壤电阻率 m。N=N1+N2=0.15+1.52=1.67 NC=5.810-1.5/C(次/年)=0.1834/8.2(C取中值)见(电子防雷规范)附表3 =0.022(1/0.022=45.5年 A.)
7、NC-电子信息系统因雷击损坏可接受的最大年平均雷击次数。E=1-NC/N =1-0.022/1.67 文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R
8、7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5
9、ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R
10、7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5
11、ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R
12、7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5
13、ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z83 =0.986 E0.98 属 A 级雷电防护建筑物。E-防雷装置拦截效率。附表 3 C 的取值分项C值大中小备 注C12.5 1.5 0.5 C23.0 2.5 1.0 C33.0 1.0 0.5 C42.0 1.0 0.5 C52.0 1.0 0.5
14、C61.4 1.2 0.8 C1+C2+C3+C4+C5+C613.9 8.2 3.8 C1-建筑物材料结构因子。当建筑物屋顶和主体结构均为金属材料时,取 0.5;当建筑物屋顶和主体结构均为钢筋混凝土材料时,取1.0;当建筑物为砖混结构时,取1.5;当建筑物为砖木结构时,取2.0;当建筑物为木结构时,取 2.5。C2-信息系统重要程度因子。信息系统等电位连接和接地以及屏蔽措施较完善的设备,取1.0;使用架空线缆的设备,取2.5;集成化工程度较高的低电压、微电流的设备,取3.0。C3-为电子信息系统设备耐冲击类型和抗冲击过电压能力因子。一般取0.5。指设备为 GB/T 16935.1-1997
15、中所指的类安装位置的设备,且采取了较完善的等电位连接和接地以及线缆的屏蔽措施;较弱取1.0。指设备为GB/T 16935.1-1997 中所指的类安装位置的设备,但使用架空线,因而风险大;相当弱取 3.0。指设备集成化工程度很高,通过低电压、微电流进行逻辑运算的计算机或通信设备。C4-电子设备所在雷电防护区的因子。电子设备在LPZ2 区或更高雷电防护区内时,取 0.5;电子设备在 LPZ1区内时,取 1.0;电子设备在 LPZ0B区内时,取 1.5 2.0。C5-发生雷击事故的后果因子。信息系统业务中断不会产生不良效果时,取 0.5;信息系统业务中断后无严重效果时,取 1.0;信息系统业务不允
16、许中断,中断后会发生严重效果时,取1.5 2.0。C6-区域雷暴等级因子。少雷区取0.8;多雷区取 1.0;高雷区取 1.2;强雷区取 1.4。B.某市有一写字楼长140m,宽 60m,高 160m,雷暴日 60 天,取高压电源埋地线缆长度为 500m,外引埋地信号线缆长度200m,土壤电阻率 250m,各类建筑物因子值取中等8.2,试计算该建筑物应定为防雷某级?k=1 Ng=0.024601.3 =4.918 Ae=LW+2H(L+W)+H2 10-6 =0.1528 Ae=0.0125+0.1(见附表 2)=0.1125 文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9
17、S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6
18、E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9
19、S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6
20、E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9
21、S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6
22、E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9
23、S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z84 N=N1+N2=Ng(k Ae+Ae)=4.918(0.1528+0.1125)=1.30 NC=0.1834/8.2=0.0223 E=1-(0.0223/1.3)=0.982 属 A 级雷电防护建筑物。C风险评估简化方法:下列情况建筑物须装SPD 保护装置:1.当装置由低压架空线或包含有一部分低压架空线的线路供电且所处地区的年雷暴日数大于25 天时,要采取防大气过电压的措施;当所处地区的年雷暴日数少于25 天时,当希
24、望得到较高的可靠性或可能会有较大的风险(可能发生火灾)时,不管雷暴日数的多少也可采取防大气过电压的措施。和建筑物防雷设计规范(以下简称防雷规范)第3.4.9 条二款规定:“对低压架空进出线,应在进出线处装设避雷器-。当多回路架空进出线,可仅在母线或总配电箱处装设一组避雷器或其它型式的过电压保护器,-。”2.当装置由完全埋地且不包含有架空线的低压线路供电或埋地长度不足15m 时,其耐冲击电压符合防雷规范 表 6.4.4类属耐冲击电压额定值1.5kV 特殊需要保护的设备时,也应采取防大气过电压的措施,如室外的摄像头、云台等。和防雷规范第3.5.4 条三款规定:“固定在建筑物上的节日彩灯、航空障信号
25、灯及其他用电设备的线路”“在配电盘内,宜在开关的电源侧与外壳之间装设过电压保护器。”。3.防雷规范 第 3.2.4 条八款规定的第一类防雷建筑物:“在电源引入的总配电箱处宜装设过电压保护器。”。4.防雷规范 第 3.3.8 条五款规定的第二类防雷建筑物:“在电气接地装置与防雷的接地装置共用或相连的情况下:当低压电源线路用全长电缆或架空线换电缆引入时,宜在电源线路引入的总配电箱处装设过电压保护器;当 Y,yn O 型或 D,yn11型接线的配电变压器设在本建筑物内或附设于外墙处时,在高压侧采用电缆进线的情况下,宜在变压器高、低压侧各相上装设避雷器;在高压侧采用架空进线的情况下,除按国家现行有关规
26、范的规定在高压侧装设避雷器外,尚宜在低压侧各相上装设避雷器。”。5.它是基于进线的危险极限长度dc和下面指出的 5 种影响后果:(1)后果涉及人身生命,例如安全的服务设施、医院的医疗设备;(2)后果涉及公共服务设施,例如公共服务设备、信息技术(IT)中心、博物馆等的损失;(3)后果涉及啇业、工业活动,例如宾馆、银行、工业、啇业市场、农场;(4)后果涉及大群体,例如大型住宅建筑物、教堂、办公楼、学校;(5)后果涉及小群体,例如一般住宅建筑物、小型办公楼。对(1)、(2)、(3)条的三种情况,应采取防大气过电压的措施。对(4)、(5)条的两种情况,由以下计算结果确定是否需要保护,即当满足下式时需要
27、给予保护。ddc 文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E
28、4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO
29、9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E
30、4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO
31、9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E
32、4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO
33、9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z85 式中 d-所考虑建筑物的供电线路的等效长度(km),最大值 1 km;dc-危险极限长度(km),对(4)条的情况其值等于1/Ng,对(5)条的情况其值等于 2/Ng。根据福州 Ng=0.024531.3=4.19,dc=1/Ng=0.24(km);dc=2/Ng=0.48(km)。d 按下式确定,并参见图1 的例子。d=d1+d2/K
34、g+d3/Kt 式中 d1-供电给建筑物的低压架空线路的长度(km),最长按 1 km 计;d2-供电给建筑物的埋地低压无屏蔽线路的长度(km),最长按 1 km计;d3-供电给建筑物的高压架空线路的长度(km),最长按 1 km 计;Kg-减小因数,基于架空线路与埋地低压无屏蔽线路(含电缆地沟)之间的雷击影响,土壤电阻率为1000m时,Kg=1;土壤电阻率为 500m时,Kg=2;250m时,Kg=4;100m时,Kg=10。Kt-变压器的减小因数,典型值为Kt=4。埋地高压供电线路和埋地低压屏蔽线路(铠装电缆)的长度都略去不计。高 压 架 空 线 路 和 低 压 埋 地 线 路高 压 和
35、低 压架 空 线 路高 压 和 低 压 埋 地 线 路高 压架 空 线 路图 1 建筑物的供电线路的等效长度计算例 1:高压架空线路和低压架空线路长度100m 时:d=d1+d3/Kt d=0.1+0.25=0.35(km)(4)防雷建筑物dc=0.24 ddc应安装 SPD (5)防雷建筑物dc=0.48 ddc不需安装 SPD 例 2:高压架空线路和低压埋地线路长度100m,土壤电阻率为250m 时:d=d2/Kg+d3/Ktd=0.1/4+0.25=0.025+0.25=0.275(4)防雷建筑物dc=0.24 ddc应安装 SPD (5)防雷建筑物dc=0.48 ddc不需安装 SPD
36、 例 3:高压埋地线路和低压埋地线路长度100m,土壤电阻率为250 m 时:d=d2/Kg文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6
37、E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9
38、S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6
39、E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9
40、S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6
41、E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9
42、S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z86 d=0.1/4=0.025(4)防雷建筑物dc=0.24 ddc不需安装 SPD (5)防雷建筑物dc=0.48 ddc不需安装 SPD 例 4:高压架空线路100m 和变压器设在建筑物内时:d 1=d2=0,d=d3/Kt d=d3/Kt=0.25(4)防雷建筑
43、物dc=0.24 ddc应安装 SPD(5)防雷建筑物dc=0.48 ddc不需安装 SPD以上各项当得出需要安装SPD时,对 220/380 V 线路,其电压保护水平Up不应大于 2.5kV。当 SPD 连接形式为 3+1时(即连接于相线与N线 3 个,连接于N线与 PE线 1个)其总电压保护水平也要符合Up2.5kV。二、各种电源、信号线路的防雷与接地要点防雷击电磁脉冲的保护系统,它是对建筑物内部系统(即电气系统和电子系统)防 LEMP 的整个保护措施系统。一个完整的这种保护系统应包括防经导体传导来的电涌和防辐射磁场效应。防辐射磁场,对磁场的屏蔽有两种理论,一种是场理论,即用金属板或金属管
44、屏蔽,当磁力线穿过金属板或金属管时,一部分被金属板或金属管吸收,因此磁场强度得到降低。另一种是电路理论,类似于变压器一、二次侧绕组之间的关系,即用屏蔽导线,雷电流通过屏蔽线时,这一电流也产生磁力线,耦合到芯线,当芯线环路是开路时耦合到的磁力线将在该环路感应出电压,当芯线环路是短(闭)路时所感应出的电压转换成电流,短(闭)路环的阻抗越小所产生的电流越大,这一电流也产生磁力线,但它的方向是与雷电流所产生的方向相反,抵消掉一部分磁力线,因此使磁场强度得到降低,甚至抵消。有下列弱电设施需要防雷保护:天馈信号线缆、程控数字用户交换机及其它通信设备、计算机网络系统、安全防范系统、火灾自动报警及消防控制系统
45、、建筑设备监控系统、有线电视系统、通信基站等。它们有共同的特点和各自不同的要求,大致归结如下:A.共同的特点:1.进出建筑物的电源线路、信号线缆,均宜选用有金属屏蔽层的电缆,并宜埋地敷设。电缆金属屏蔽层应在LPZ0A或 LPZ0B与 LPZ1区交界处做等电位连接并接地,界面处应安装等电位接地端子板,材料规格应50mm2。非屏蔽线缆应穿钢管埋地敷设,钢管两头等电位连接并接地。当屏蔽线缆、同轴电缆两头等电位连接并接地有技能影响时,亦应穿钢管埋地敷设,金属屏蔽层一头接地,钢管则两头等电位连接并接地。一般机房的电源线和信号线埋地进入机房,埋地长度应 15m。2.信号线缆应安装各项技能适配的信号线缆浪涌
46、保护器(SPD)。A 级防护系统宜用 2 级或 3 级信号线缆浪涌保护器(SPD);B 级防护系统宜用2 级信号线缆浪涌保护器(SPD);C、D级防护系统宜用1 级或 2 级信号线缆浪涌保护器(SPD)。非屏蔽双绞线 SPD标称放电电流(1kA);屏蔽双绞线 SPD标称放电电流(0.5kA);天面上的同轴电缆SPD 标称放电电流(3kA)。3.电源浪涌保护器(SPD)安装的数量,应根据被保护设备的抗扰度和雷电分级确定。A 级防护装四级;B 级防护装三级;C、D级防护装二级。电源线路浪涌保护器标称放电电流参数值(见电子防雷规范表5.4.1-2)。4.各种机房内应设局部等电位接地端子板LEB或设置
47、等电位接地网络。宜使用文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R
48、7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5
49、ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R
50、7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5 ZO9D9S7H4Z8文档编码:CM1R7E4H6E5 HL9H4Y8U1H5