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1、1/5第 1 节 减数分裂和受精作用（第 2 课时）教学目标1 阐明减数分裂的概念。2 通过与有丝分裂过程的比较，理解卵细胞形成过程中染色体的变化。3 通过学生的观察、比较、分析、讨论，总结出减数分裂过程中各时期的特征，并从实质上理解减数分裂是特殊的有丝分裂。教学重难点【教学重点】1 卵细胞形成过程中染色体的变化情况。2 减数分裂过程中染色体的行为特征和数目变化。【教学难点】1 卵细胞形成过程中染色体的变化情况。2 减数分裂过程中染色体的行为特征和数目变化。教学过程一、导入新课巩固练习：1.根据减数分裂过程染色体行为变化，回答下列过程各发生的时期：（1）染色体复制发生在：减数第一次分裂前的间期
2、（2）同源染色体的联会发生在：减数第一次分裂前期（3）同源染色体分离、非同源染色体自由组合发生在：减数第一次分裂后期（4）染色体着丝点分裂发生在：减数第二次分裂后期（5）染色体数目减半发生在：减数第一次分裂2.联会发生在（B）A.精原细胞B.初级精母细胞C.次级精母细胞D.精细胞3.若要观察细胞的减数分裂过程，可选用的材料是（C）A马蛔虫受精卵B成熟的花粉粒C小鼠睾丸D叶芽4.下列关于减数分裂的叙述，正确的是（双选）（BC）A减数分裂是一种特殊的有丝分裂，也有细胞周期精品w o r d 可编辑资料-第 1 页，共 5 页-2/5B染色体复制一次，细胞连续分裂两次C产生的子细胞中染色体数目减半D
3、精原细胞只可进行减数分裂5精子形成的顺序依次是：二、讲授新课（一）卵细胞的形成过程之前我们共同探讨了减数分裂的概念和精子的形成过程，知道了减数分裂的特点是染色体复制一次，细胞分裂两次，最后导致形成的子细胞中染色体数目减半。进行有性生殖的生物的生殖细胞有雌雄两种，前面已经学习精子的形成过程，下面我们就一起来探讨一下卵细胞的形成过程。提问：卵细胞的产生部位及该部位的结构分别是什么？（卵细胞是在卵巢内形成的，卵巢有两个，在其内有许多发育程度不同的卵泡，位于卵泡中央的一个细胞就是卵细胞。在每个月经周期中只有一个原始卵泡成熟并排出一个卵细胞。卵细胞形成过程与精子形成过程基本相同，但也有区别。卵原细胞是原
4、始的雌性生殖细胞，每个卵原细胞中的染色体数目都和体细胞的相同。）精品w o r d 可编辑资料-第 2 页，共 5 页-文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6
5、文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7
6、H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6
7、文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7
8、H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6
9、文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7
10、H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B63/5精子的形成过程卵细胞的形成过程相同点染色体的行为变化相同：减数分裂前的间期染色体先复制，在减数第一次分裂时同源染色体联会，形成四分体，非姐妹染色体交叉互换，同源染色体分离，非同源染色体自由组合，减数第一次分裂结束后染色体数目减半；减数
11、第二次分裂时着丝点分裂，姐妹染色单体分离。不同点场所睾丸卵巢分裂方式细胞质均等分裂细胞质不均等分裂子细胞个数1 个精原细胞 4 个（2 种精子）1 个卵原细胞 4 个（1 种卵细胞+3 个 2 种极体）是否变形有变形过程无变形过程【教师】演示实验：观察蝗虫精母细胞减数分裂固定装片。思考问题：1.为什么选蝗虫精母细胞作为观察材料？（染色体数目较少，染色体较大，易于观察。）2.视野中的细胞减数分裂是动态变化的吗？能观察到不同时期的细胞吗？（细胞已被杀死固定，不可能动态变化；但不同细胞被固定在不同时期，因此可观察到各时期的染色体形态。）如何辨别减数第二次分裂与有丝分裂的分裂图象？（以细胞中是否含有同
12、源染色体作为辨别的主要依据。进行减数第二次分裂的细胞没有同源染色体，进行有丝分裂的细胞有同源染色体。）练习：判断下图各属于何种分裂？哪个时期？精品w o r d 可编辑资料-第 3 页，共 5 页-文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文
13、档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H
14、5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文
15、档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H
16、5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文
17、档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H
18、5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B64/5（二）受精作用照片上的三个人分别是谁啊？（萨达姆与其长子乌代和次子库赛。）乌代和库赛均为萨达姆与其妻所生，但为什么他们三人会长得不一样？（同学们已经知道，减
19、数分裂形成的精子和卵细胞，必须相互结合形成受精卵，才能发育成新个体。而父亲体内所有的精原细胞，染色体组成并无差别，母亲体内的卵原细胞也是如此。但为什么会出现萨达姆与其儿子乌代和库赛的情况？）同样的精（卵）原细胞会产生不同的配子吗？配子中染色体组合多样性的原因：（1）减数分裂过程中非同源染色体的自由组合（2）四分体时期有非姐妹染色单体的交叉互换。受精作用：概念：精子和卵细胞相互识别、融合成为受精卵的过程叫受精作用。结果：受精卵的染色体数恢复到体细胞的数目，其中有一半的染色体来自精子（父方），另一半来自卵细胞（母方）。精品w o r d 可编辑资料-第 4 页，共 5 页-文档编码:CF8H8O6
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24、Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2
25、N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6
26、Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B65/5意义：减数分裂和受精作用对于维持每种生物前后代体细胞中染色体数目的恒定，对于生物的遗传和变异，都是十分重要的。三、课堂反馈建议使用：【同步测试】第1 节 减数分裂和受精作用第 2 课时.docx。四、课堂小结教师与学生一起小结本节知识，学生边讲教师边板书，或通过课件展示。精品w o r d 可编辑资料-第 5 页，共 5 页-文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q
27、5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:
28、CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q
29、5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:
30、CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q
31、5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:
32、CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6文档编码:CF8H8O6Z4E4 HU7H5M9Q5I8 ZL2N5R6Y4B6