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1、学习好资料欢迎下载选修四第四章第二节化学电源教学建议广州市育才中学潘莉莉一教材分析第一节原电池的内容是关于化学能怎样转换成电能的理论性问题，而本节教学是要进一步了解依据原电池原理开发的技术产品-化学电池，因此，这节课是对上节原电池内容的延伸和应用。化学电池是一类应用广泛、实用性强的电源，小到手表，手机，大道航天航空、卫星通信，几乎无处不在，所以学生已经积累了一定的感性认识。为了使学生对化学电池的了解更加深刻，课本通过碱性锌锰电池、蓄电池和燃料电池概念讲解和原理的分析来实现。此外，本节课还承载了让学生了解化学电源的发展以及电池对环境造成的污染，增强环保意识的作用。二教学目标1知识与技能：（1）使
2、学生了解常见电池的分类、优点及适用范围（2）使学生了解一次电池、二次电池、燃料电池的基本构造、反应原理及应用（3）能够写出化学电源的电极反应和总反应方程式2过程与方法：（1）通过让学生利用原电池知识来分析一次电池、二次电池、燃料电池的反应原理的过程，培养学生知识的迁移能力。（2）通过对碱性锌锰电池、蓄电池和燃料电池电极反应和总反应的练习，让学生掌握书写陌生（新型）化学电池电极反应和总反应的方法3情感态度与价值观：（1）通过化学能与电能相互转化关系的学习，使学生从能量的角度比较深刻地了解化学科学对人类的贡献，体会能量守恒的意义。（2）在探究三种电池的基础上，学会利用能源与创造新能源的思路和方法，
3、提高环保意识和节能意识。三教学重点和难点：学习好资料欢迎下载教学重点：一次电池、二次电池和燃料电池的反应原理、性能及其应用。教学难点：化学电池的反应原理及电极方程式的书写。四课时安排 1课时【学与问】在日常生活中，你用过哪些电池？你知道电池的其它应用吗？投影学与问 在日常生活和学习中，你用过哪些电池，你知道电池的其它应用吗？电池化学电池太阳能电池原子能电池将化学能转换成电能的装置将太阳能转换成电能的装置将放射性同位素自然衰变时产生的热能通过热能转换器转变为电能的装置【交流结果】干电池、蓄电池、纽扣电池、燃料电池，电池可用于照明、电动车动力、手机电源、手表电源等。【提问】什么是化学电池？【学生活
4、动】学生思考回答：化学电池是将化学能转化为电能的装置。【讲解】化学电源的分类：一次电池、二次电池和燃料电池等。一次电池的活性物质消耗到一定程度就不能再用了，如普通锌锰干电池、碱性锌锰干电池；二次电池又称充电电池或蓄电池，放电后再充电可以使活性物质再生，这类电池可多次重复使用。【提问】电池与其他能源相比，其优点有哪些？【讲解】能量转化率高、供能稳定、可以制成各种大小和形状、不同容量和电压的电池或电池组，使用方便，易于维护，并可在各种环境下工作。【投影】图 4-2 电池及其用途【提问】面对许多原电池，我们怎样判断其优劣或适合某种需要？【讲解】看单位质量或单位体积所输出电能的多少，或输出功率大小以及
5、电池储存时间长短。除特殊情况外，质量轻、体积小而输出电能多，功率大储存时间长的电池，更适合电池使用者。【投影】碱性锌锰干电池的构造【提问】碱性锌锰电池比普通锌锰电池性能好，它的比能量和可储存时间均有提高，适用于大电流和连续放电，是民用电池的升级换代产品之一碱性锌锰干电池总的电池反应是：Zn+2MnO2+2H2O=2MnOOH+Zn（OH）2 文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档
6、编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4
7、G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M
8、2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY
9、9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10
10、S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 Z
11、I4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5
12、C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4学习好资料欢迎下载请用双线桥分析此电池反应判断碱性锌锰干电池的正负极。作负极，作正极，是电解质溶液中的溶质注意：若反应式同侧出现不能共存的离子，如Zn2和 OH要写成反应后的物质写出负极电极反应：，写出正极电极反应：。【练习】锌银电池总的反应方程式：Zn+Ag2O+H2O=Zn(OH)2+2Ag 电解质是KOH 请写出正负极的电极反应方程式。【学生交流】碱性锌锰电池的主要的性能、使用范围，应用前景以及缺陷等方面的知识。【
13、过渡】一次电池虽然价格便宜，使用方便，但不能重复使用，有一定的弊端，所以人们又通过研究制造出二次电池比如-铅蓄电池【投影】铅蓄电池的构造【提问】铅蓄电池可放电亦可充电蓄电池充电和放电的总化学方程式为：Pb+PbO2+2H2SO42PbSO4+2H2O 二次电池中必须看清“放电”还是“充电”方向请用双线桥分析此电池反应判断铅蓄电池的正负极。作负极，作正极，是电解质溶液中的溶质注意：若反应式同侧出现不能共存的离子，如H和 OH、Pb2和 SO24，要写成反应后的物质如 H2O 和 PbSO4写出负极电极反应：，写出正极电极反应：。“充电”方向为电解池，稍后在第三节再作具体分析。【学生讨论】蓄电池在
14、应用中存在的优缺点。【汇报总结】优点：电压稳定，使用方便，安全可靠，价格低廉，可多次重复使用。缺点：比能量低，笨重，废弃电池污染环境【提问】上述各种电池的共同缺陷是什么？如何改进？【学生回答】干电池中的汞、蓄电池中的铅、镉，三种金属都是对自然环境威胁最大的物质，都会造成环境污染可以设计一种没有重金属污染的的环保电池【过渡】燃料电池是使燃料与氧化剂反应直接产生电流的一种原电池，所以燃料电池也是化学电源。燃料电池与其它电池不同，它不是把还原剂、氧化剂物质全部贮存在电池内，而是文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY
15、9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10
16、S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 Z
17、I4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5
18、C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档
19、编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4
20、G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M
21、2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4学习好资料欢迎下载在工作时，不断地从外界输入，同时把电极反应产物不断排出电池。因此，燃料电池是名符其实地把能源中燃料燃烧反应产生的化学能直接转化为电能的“能量转换器”。【投影】氢氧燃料电池的工作原理【提问】燃料电池的总反应方程式就是燃料燃烧的方程式，因 此 氢 氧 燃 料 电 池 的 总 反
22、 应 方 程 式 为：2H2O2=2H2O请用双线桥分析此电池反应判断氢氧燃料电池的正负极。（根据化合价变化或电池构造图）作负极，作正极，若在酸性介质中，写出负极电极反应：，写出正极电极反应：。氢氧燃料电池的两电极是否必须是两个活泼性不同的电极？它的正负极材料是否参与了氧化还原反应？若在碱性介质中，写出负极电极反应：，写出正极电极反应：。【小结】除了氢氧燃料电池外，甲烷、煤气等燃料，空气、氯气等氧化剂也可以作为燃料电池的原料。电解质可以呈酸性，也可以呈碱性。【提问】燃料电池有哪些优缺点？【汇报总结】优点：能量转换率高；可组合成燃料电池发电站，废弃物少，噪音低。缺点：输出电压低，需串联使用，体积
23、较大；需连续供给反应物，排除生成物，附属设备多文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A1
24、0S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9
25、ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R
26、5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文
27、档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU
28、4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4文档编码:CU4G10Q5M2P2 HY9T1A10S8T9 ZI4Q2R5C7T4