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1、地震资料处理-对静校正的认识指导教师：孙渊老师李宇老师勘查技术与工程201226020217 郭凯关于静校正的认识一、静校正的定义 statics,形象的叫法是地形起伏校正地震勘探解释的理论都假定激发点与接收点是在一个水平面上，并且地层速度是均匀的。但实际上地面常常不平坦，各个激发点深度也可能不同，低速带中的波速与地层中的波速又相差悬殊，所以必将影响实测的时距曲线形状。为了消除这些影响，对原始地震数据要进行地形校正、激发深度校正、低速带校正等，这些校正对同一观测点的不同地震界面都是不变的，因此统称静校正。广义的静校正还包括相位校正及对仪器因素影响的校正。随着数字处理技术的发展，已有多种自动静校
2、正的方法和程序。1野外高程静校正只适用于低降速带不存在或低降速带没有横向变化的地区。实际这种假设条件很难满足，所以该方法只在野外采集现场处理、室内处理质量监控中适用。2模型静校正模型法的基础是要建立一个能够准确描述近地表介质地质地球物理属性的模型。传统意义上的模型静校正，是通过小折射、微测井等常规近地表调查方法，获得对近地表介质地球物理属性的描述，然后进行空间内插值得到近地表模型，从而完成基准面的校正。3折射静校正折射静校正严格意义上讲也是一种模型静校正方法，只不过其文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K
3、6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J
4、5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10
5、X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5
6、B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码
7、:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R1
8、0A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z
9、7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4建立模型与传统方法不同，主要是通过求解方程反演得到折射面速度和延迟时间，然后借助于表层速度建立速度模型，在此基础之上完成静校正量的计算。4初至静校正初至静校正和折射静校正一样，严格将属于模型静校正，它既不是对近地表介质地球物理属性的准确描述，也无法建立一个层状折射模型，而是利用初至时间通过层析成
10、像反演获得近地表层的速度场分布，求取一个最优秀的模型。5剩余静校正般指的是反射静校正，反射剩余静校正的理论假设和实现方法决定了其不可避免的局限性，所以它的应用必须是建立在良好的基准面静校正基础之上的。6相对折射静校正该方法是介于基准面静校正和剩余静校正之间的一种方法，它回避了折射静校正所必须满足的两个条件，只关注品质较好部分炮检的折射波，虽然无法建立准确的模型，但可以得到较为准确的高频分量和部分的中频分量，此法作为模型法的补充，可以对模型法得到的静校正量进行必要的修正，同时还可以消除由于低降速度带引起的大部分高频静校正分量。二静校正研究意义静校正是一系列反射波地震勘探数字处理的基础.在地震资料
11、处理中,静校正问题往往不是孤立存在的,它还影响着去噪和速度分析文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7
12、 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6
13、P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5
14、 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X
15、5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B
16、4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:
17、CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4工作.在复杂山区,除了地震波的能量损失、噪声干涉外,重要的就是静校正问题了.随着开展地震勘探工作的区域由地
18、形简单的平原、丘陵地区逐渐转向地形复杂的山区,由二维观测逐渐转为三维观测,静校正处理方法也越来越难.在常规资料处理中,通常假设地下介质是水平层状,表层速度横向变化比较缓慢.处理时先将地震数据校到一个浮动基准面上,然后再进行处理,将最终处理成果校正到一个水平基准面上.但在复杂地区,地表起伏变化较大,表层速度横向变化剧烈,岩性多变,表层结构复杂,基岩出露.复杂地表必然引起地震采集激发和接收问题,同时给地震资料处理带来复杂的静校正问题.静校正问题是目前复杂地球地震勘探所面临的一个主要问题,它在很大程度上决定着资料处理的质量,影响叠前深度偏移及水平叠加的成像效果.而折射技术的理论是建立在水平折射面的假
19、设基础之上,在复杂山区寻找稳定的同一折射层较困难,故基于折射波理论的地表调查方法也不能取得好的应用效果。复杂地形 ,特别是山地条件下地震勘探中的大静校正问题是一个非线性的、具有多参数多极值的全局优化难题.本文综合利用最大能量法、模拟退火与遗传算法的各自优势,提出一种具有局部收敛速度快、全局搜索能力强的综合寻优反演方法.其中对产生伪静校正量的零空间现象进行空间平滑滤波剔除.理论数值计算及实际资料的处理说明本方法适应能力强、静校正效果较好.在表层静校正方面,目前人们通过对表层模型做不同程度的近似假设形成了一系列的静校正方法,主要有以下三大类 :假设表层模型为均匀介质的直射线校正法(一次静校正);假
20、设为层状介质文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4
21、文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:C
22、B4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A
23、9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7
24、HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P
25、1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5
26、ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4的折射线校正法(折射静校正);把表层模型作为任意介质处理的曲射线静校正方法(层析静校正)。对于在西部山地复杂地表条件下获得的地震资料的处理,静校正和偏移基准
27、面的选择是影响处理效果的关键技术环节。许多专家和同行对该问题进行了很多讨论,取得了许多共识。但是,该问题并未得到完全解决,对不少地区来说,由于静校正问题解决不好,造成了反射波不成像,或者造成构造形态不准,也由于偏移基准面选取不正确,造成构造形态畸变,波场扭曲,影响精确成像和正确归位。随着油气勘探的重点向西部复杂地区转移，地震数据处理中的静校正计算成为其中关键性步骤，也是基础性工作。静校正问题的存在，直接影响地震反射波的成像，甚至使地震剖面出现假构造，给解释工作带来许多假象和困难。因此静校正问题的研究具有重要意义。在复杂山地地区，地形起伏较大，低速带厚度和横向速度变化也大，所以不同的检波点接收到
28、的地震波至时间出现延迟，反射波时距曲线受到很大的畸变，从而给地震资料的处理工作带来很大的麻烦。目前生产中广泛使用的静校正方法几乎都基于地表一致性假设。但在复杂山地地区，地表地质情况较为复杂，往往与地表一致性假设的情况存在较大差异。因此地表一致性静校正量与不作地表一致性假设的实际静校正(简称为非地表一致性静校正)量之间存在较大偏差。本文在分析了复杂山地地区地表条件特征的基础上，对目前常用的静校正方法进行了分析和论述。分析了基于地表一致性静校正方法在山区地震勘探中所面临的主要问题，并且提出了使用非地表一致性静校正方法来解决复杂山地地文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR1
29、0X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G
30、5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编
31、码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R
32、10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8
33、Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4
34、K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4
35、J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4震勘探静校正问题的难点。在不满足地表一致性条件下，利用模型正演方法得到的模型资料和理论推导结果，通过研究各种理论构造模型，分析实际静校正量与采用传统折射静校正方法得到的静校正量之间的误差，发现和总结两者之间的差别和规律性，着重讨论了地
36、表一致性静校正误差存在的原因及这种原因跟基准面、炮检距、低速带和基岩速度及速度比、低速带厚度、反射面深度等之间的关系。以期改进现有的静校正方法或得到新的有效的静校正方法，为解决复杂地区，特别是西部山区的静校正问题提供参考。三、理论特征1、低、降速带的分布特征1)稳定的低、降速带底界当折射界面相对稳定,地面高程变化较小,低、降速层的速度变化不大时,共偏移距的初至波列相对稳定。对于稳定的低、降速带底界,若共偏移距的初至波列是起伏变化的,那么引起波列起伏变化的因素可分为3 种情况:1 是传播速度不稳定厚度稳定;2 是速度稳定厚度不稳定;3 是速度和厚度都不稳定。共偏移距初至波列的起伏变化反映了低、降
37、速带的变化。2)不稳定的低、降速带底界这类低、降速带常表现为一系列表面风化了的地质露头或者为厚度变化不定的近代沉积物(冲积层,冰川沉积物)。折射标准层不断变化,在共偏移距剖面上表现为折射波的相位缺失(图 1)。而折射波相位的缺失,使得求取静校正量的难度更大。2、剩余静校正量的分布特征文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR
38、10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5
39、G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档
40、编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4
41、R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V
42、8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA
43、4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H
44、4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4剩余静校正量是完成了野外静校正以后残存的静校正量,这种静校正量多以高频的形式出现,严重影响 CMP 叠加的质量。剩余静校正量的分布特征有 2 种情况。当低、降速带的速度较小,厚度也不大时,反射波在低、降速层内是近似垂直于地表传播的,低、降速带对各反射层反射波的影响基本是相同的,这就是地表一致性静校正问题;当低、降速带的速度和厚度都较大时,各反射层的反射波在低、降速带内的传播时间会有较大的差别,这就是非地表一致性静校正问题。估算剩余静校正量的方法很多,就柴达木盆地的复杂山地而言,除
45、了使用地表一致性的方法以外,还必须解决地表非一致性的静校正问题。3、剩余静校正分量分析剩余静校正量还可分为短波长分量和长波长分量2 类。短波长分量是由局部范围内低速层变化引起的,它对同一 CMP 道集内各道反射波到达时的影响不一样,使得动校正后的共中心点道集各道无法同相叠加,影响叠加效果。长波长分量是区域性异常,是指相当于一个排列以上范围的低速带变化的影响。它对同一 CMP 道集内各道反射波到达时的影响不很明显,对叠加效果影响不大。但这种表层异常容易被误认为是地下构造或岩性变化引起的,若不消除会造成解释上的错误。如果把短波长细分,将一个排列内的静校正量的平滑趋势曲线作为中波长静校正量,那么,基
46、于趋势线的相对校正量则是短波长静校正量。在一个CMP 道集内,中、短波长的静校正量是影响同相叠加的直接原因;在整个工区内,中、长波长的静校正量是影响构造成像的直接原因。传统的做法是用小折射、微测井等野外调查方法来解决中、文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K
47、6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J
48、5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10
49、X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5
50、B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码:CB4R10A9V8Z7 HA4K6P1H4J5 ZR10X5G5G5B4文档编码