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1、盐的定义：由金属离子（或NH4+）和酸根离子形成的化合物。几种常见的盐物质俗称物理性质用途氯化钠食盐白色粉末，水溶液有咸味，溶解度受温度影响不大 作调味品，腌制咸菜；作防腐剂；消除积雪（长期过量使用融雪剂会破坏植被和道路，还会使土壤盐碱化）农业上用氯化钠溶液来选种 制生理盐水（浓度为0.9%的氯化钠溶液）碳酸钠纯碱、苏打白色粉末状固体，易溶于水用于玻璃、造纸、纺织、洗涤、食品工业等（Na2CO3与 NaOH 用途很相似，但玻璃是个例外）碳酸钙白色固体，不溶于水建筑材料、补钙剂实验室制取二氧化碳的原料的主要成分碳酸氢钠小苏打白色晶体，易溶于水制糕点所用的发酵粉（发酵粉不是碳酸钠，但没有碳酸氢钠时
2、可用碳酸钠代替）医疗上，治疗胃酸过多（NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2，胃溃疡者禁用）备注碳酸氢钠不稳定，受热能分解：2NaHCO3Na2CO3+H2O+CO2区别碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的方法就是分别加热，有能使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体生成的，就是碳酸氢钠，否则是碳酸钠碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的水溶液都呈碱性。工业用盐亚硝酸钠有毒，不能食用！消毒用盐游泳池一般用硫酸铜消毒。医疗上一般用高锰酸钾消毒。过去习惯用氯气给自来水消毒，现在用二氧化氯消毒。侯氏制碱法：又名联合制碱法。主要产物是碳酸钠，此外还有副产品是氯化铵。钠离子可以维持细胞内外的水分分布，促进细胞内外物质交换；氯离子可以促生盐酸、帮助消
3、化，增进食欲。氯化钠等溶于水后，会使水的凝固点降低，以达到溶雪的目的。氯化钠作为融雪剂，对植物有害，会腐蚀桥梁等，所以现在逐渐被绿色融雪剂代替。第二节粗盐提纯粗盐的初步提纯只是去除不溶性杂质，得到的精盐中还含有氯化镁、氯化钙等可溶性杂质。粗盐中由于含有氯化镁、氯化钙等杂质，易吸收空气中的水分而文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W
4、10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1
5、W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T
6、1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2
7、T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF
8、2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 H
9、F2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3
10、HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10潮解。无水氯化钙可用作干燥剂。实验步骤：溶解、过滤、蒸发、回收。实验仪器实验步骤实验仪器其中玻璃棒的作用溶解烧杯、玻璃棒搅拌，加速溶解过滤铁架台（带铁圈）、漏斗、烧杯、玻璃棒引流蒸发铁架台（带铁圈）、蒸发皿、酒精灯、玻璃棒防止由于局部温度过高，造成液滴飞溅回收玻璃棒转移固体的工具蒸发时要经常用玻璃棒搅拌液体，防止由于局部温度过高造成液滴飞溅。当水接近全部蒸发时熄灭酒精灯，停止
11、加热，利用余热使剩余水分蒸发。第三节盐的化学性质盐（可溶）+金属 1 金属 2+新盐（金属 1 比金属 2 活泼，金属不是钾、钙、钠）盐+酸 新盐+新酸盐+碱 新盐+新碱（反应物需都可溶，且满足复分解反应的条件）文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T
12、1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2
13、T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF
14、2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 H
15、F2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3
16、HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3
17、 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U
18、3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10盐+盐 两种新盐（反应物需都可溶，且满足复分解反应的条件）部分不溶于水的盐只具有性质2。氯化银、硫酸钡既不溶于水，也不溶于酸（不溶于酸就是不与酸反应）。第四节酸、碱、盐的溶解性（室温）酸：大多数都可溶。碱：只有氨水、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钡和氢氧化钙可溶于水，其余均为沉淀。盐：钾盐、钠盐、铵盐、硝酸盐都可溶。氯化物除氯化银不溶于水外，其余多数均易溶于水。硫酸盐除硫酸钡不溶于水，硫酸银、硫酸钙微溶于水外，其余多数易溶于水。碳酸盐只有碳酸铵、碳酸钾、碳酸钠
19、易溶于水。下面是化学课本中部分酸、碱和盐的溶解性表（室温），一般情况下，掌握上面的信息就足够了。OH-NO3-Cl-SO42-CO32-H+溶、挥溶、挥溶溶、挥NH4+溶、挥溶溶溶溶K+溶溶溶溶溶“溶”表示那种物质可溶于水，“不”表示不溶于水，“微”表示微溶于水，“挥”表示挥发性，“”表示那种物质不存在或遇到水就分解了文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G
20、10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5
21、G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K
22、5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8
23、K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX
24、8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:C
25、X8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:
26、CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10Na+溶溶溶溶溶Ba2+溶溶溶不不Ca2+微溶溶微不Mg2+不溶溶溶微Al3+不溶溶溶Mn2+不溶溶溶不Zn2+不溶溶溶不Fe2+不溶溶溶不Fe3+不溶溶溶Cu2+不溶溶溶Ag+溶不微不第五节化学肥料化学肥料：以化学和物理方法制成的含农作物生长所需营养元素的肥料。农家肥料的特点：营养元素含量少，肥效慢而持久、价廉、能改良土壤结构。化学肥料的特点：营养
27、元素单一，肥效快。农作物对氮、磷、钾的需要量较大，因此氮肥、磷肥、钾肥是最主要的化学肥料。氮肥文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4
28、L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O
29、4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9
30、O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D
31、9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3
32、D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO
33、3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 Z
34、O3D9O4L5U10作用：促进植物茎、叶生长茂盛、叶色浓绿（促苗）。（缺氮的表现：叶黄）常用氮肥名称化学式含氮量使用注意事项尿素CO(NH2)246.7%碳酸氢铵（碳铵）NH4HCO317.7%易分解，施用时深埋铵态氮肥防晒防潮，且均不能与碱性物质（如草木灰、熟石灰等）混合施用硝酸铵（硝铵）NH4NO335%易爆，结块不可用铁锤砸硫酸铵（硫铵）(NH4)2SO421.2%长期使用会使土壤酸化、板结氯化铵NH4Cl 26.2%氨水NH3 H2O 加水稀释后施用硝酸钠NaNO3尿素是含氮量最高的化肥，并且尿素是有机物。铵根离子的检验方法一：取样，加水溶解，加入氢氧化钠溶液，如果闻到刺激性氨味，说
35、明有铵根离子：文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D
36、9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3
37、D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO
38、3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 Z
39、O3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2
40、ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2
41、 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10NH4NO3+NaOH=NaNO3+NH3+H2O 如果现
42、象不明显，可以加大反应物的浓度，或者加热。方法二：取样，加熟石灰研磨，如果闻到刺激性氨味，说明有铵根离子：2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+2NH3+2H2O 氮肥的简易鉴别1)氨水是液态，碳酸氢铵有强烈的氨味，据此可直接将它们与其他氮肥区别。2)对于剩下的氮肥，首先加碱研磨，没有气味的是尿素。3)加硝酸钡溶液，有白色沉淀生成的是硫酸铵。4)接下来加硝酸银溶液，有白色沉淀生成的是氯化铵，否则是硝酸铵。生物固氮：豆科植物的根瘤菌将氮气转化为含氮的化合物而吸收。钾肥作用：促使作物生长健壮、茎杆粗硬，抗倒伏（壮秆）。（缺钾的表现：叶尖发黄）常用钾肥：氯化钾、硫酸钾、草木灰（主要成分是碳酸钾）
43、农村最常用的钾肥是草木灰。磷肥作用：促进植物根系发达，穗粒增多，饱满（催果）。（缺磷：生长迟缓，产量降低，根系不发达）文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10
44、X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W1
45、0X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W
46、10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1
47、W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T
48、1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2
49、T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10文档编码:CX8K5G10I4U3 HF
50、2T1W10X6H2 ZO3D9O4L5U10常用磷肥：磷矿粉（磷酸钙）、钙镁磷肥、过磷酸钙（磷酸二氢钙和硫酸钙的混合物）过磷酸钙不能与碱性物质混合施用，如草木灰、熟石灰等。磷酸根的化合价是-3，其中磷元素的化合价是+5。复合肥：同时含有两种或两种以上的营养元素的化肥。常见的复合肥有：硝酸钾、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸铵后三者不能与碱性物质混合施用。使用化肥、农药对环境的影响土壤污染：产生重金属元素、有毒有机物、放射性物质。a)大气污染：产生一氧化二氮、氨气、硫化氢等气体。水体污染：氮、磷过多，导致水体富营养化，出现赤潮、水华等现象。长期使用硫酸钾、硫酸铵会使土壤酸化、板结。对待