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1、1/7 城区雨水水质净化与保持的人工湿地技术研究申欢1，潘永宝2，胡洪营1(1.清华大学环境科学与工程系环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室，北京，100084；2.西安建筑科技大学，环境与市政工程学院，西安710055 摘要：采用潜流式人工湿地对城区雨水中污染物的去除效果和规律进行了研究，结果表明：当水力负荷在0.31.2m/d 之间时，人工湿地对TP、TN 和浊度的去除效果分别维持在2050、3055和 8095之间；当水力负荷大于1.2m/d 时，TN 的去除效果明显下降，但TP 和浊度的去除效果基本不变。湿地出水中TP 和 TN 的浓度与相应面积负荷之间存在线性相关关系。人工湿地对TP
2、、TN 和浊度的去除主要是在前二分之一段的湿地床中完成的。经过处理，储存池中雨水的TP 和 TN 两项指标可以分别达到地表水环境质量标准(2.Abstract：Pollutants removal for improving water quality of rainwater in urban area using subsurface constructed wetland was studied.The experimental results showed that the removal rates of TP,TN and turbidity were 2050%,3055%and
3、 8095%,respectively,under the operating condition of that the hydraulic loading rate was 0.31.2 m/d.When the hydraulic loading rate increased to 1.5 m/d,the removal rates of TN decreased observably,but the removal rates of TP and turbidity sustained the same performance on the whole.TP and TN in the
4、 wetland effluent have linear relationtotheir area loading rates.Most TP,TN and turbidity of rainwater were removed in the initial 1/2 of the wetland bed.After being treated by the wetland,TP and TN of the rainwater in tank could meet the China national standards of Grade and Grade defined in Enviro
5、nmental quality standards for surface water(GB 38382002,respectively.Key words：subsurface constructed wetland；rainwater；nitrogen；phosphorus2/7 1 前言为了解决水资源短缺的问题，雨水作为一种水资源愈来愈受到人们重视。城市雨水的收集、利用不仅可以解决城市小区部分用水问题如：处理后的雨水可以用于城市景观水体、绿化、洗车、喷洒道路、消防以及冲厕）；而且可以起到蓄洪的作用，以减少暴雨时城市的排洪量。由于雨水在时空分布上具有很大的不均匀性,大量的雨水往往集中在为期
6、较短的雨季,为能充分利用雨水资源,应采取措施将收集的雨水进行合理贮存。在城市中，通常可将收集的雨水就近储存在大大小小的蓄水构筑物中，如：湖泊洼地、河道、池塘、人工景观水体等，以供使用。由于雨水中含有较高浓度的污染物如 COD、SS、N、P等）,再加上大多数雨水储存构筑物内水体的循环流动性较差，因此水质恶化和由水体富营养化引起的水华现象普遍存在，在严重的情况下还会出现雨水恶臭现象，丧失可利用的价值，反而成为新的污染源。因此研究和开发雨水水质净化和保持技术成为了雨水资源化的重要课题。人工湿地是近些年来研究和应用较多的一项水环境生态修复技术。由于人工湿地对污染物的去除负荷较小，因此往往需要较大的占地
7、面积，这就限制了其在城市水环境污染修复方面的应用。为此本文提出采用新型人工湿地对城区收集雨水的水质进行净化和保持的新方法。首先将雨水储存构筑物周围的绿化带改建为潜力式人工湿地，即在绿化带地面以下建设潜流式人工湿地，在地表种植具有较强除污能力和良好景观效果的植物。将蓄水构筑物中的雨水定期泵入人工湿地进行处理，处理后水自流回蓄水构筑物。这种技术的特点是：将湿地和绿化带合二为一，既能够充分发挥人工湿地处理效果好、运转维护方便、工程基建和运行费用低等的优点，又能够避免湿地占用城市内有限的土地资源。另外这种新型人工湿地可以完全根据周围建筑区环境的特点进行设计和建设，不仅不会改变建筑区的整体布局，还会带来
8、良好的景观效果。本文主要研究了潜力式人工湿地对城区收集雨水中污染物的去除效果和规律。2 实验材料和方法2.1 实验系统本研究为清华大学节能示范楼工程的一部分，实验系统建于示范楼旁边。该系统于2005 年 4月底建成，5 月初开始正式运行。实验系统由雨水储存水池和潜流式人工湿地组成，平面布置如图1 所示。雨水来自实验系统旁边的一座建筑物的屋顶，屋顶铺设水泥砖保护层。屋面雨水经雨水管直接流入储存池。储存池中的文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1
9、G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2
10、R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y
11、1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4
12、Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1
13、K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V
14、6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3
15、X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y13/7 雨水由水泵送至湿地进行处理，经过湿地处理后的水自流入储存池。雨水储存池的面积为32.9m2，长 宽为9.4m 3.5m，有效深度为1.0m。人工湿地的面积为32.9m2，长 宽 为9.4m 3.5m，平 均 深 度 为0.65m。湿地填料层厚度为0.5m，表层土层厚0.1m。湿地种植的植物为景观效果较好的水柳、鸢尾和美人蕉，种植比例为：水柳55、鸢尾40和美人蕉5%，采取间种的方式种植植物，种植密度为 8株/m2。2.2 实验用水由于北京地区的
16、降雨主要集中在79 月，为了保证研究能够的进行，在5 月和 6 月里，以自来水为水池的水源，进入雨期后7 月份后）再以雨水作为水池的水源。由于降雨的时间、雨量、雨水中污染物的浓度等因素具有不确定性，不利于进行系统的研究。为此，本实验采取定期向水池中投加一定量N 和 P 的方式来模拟实际雨水中N 和 P 的浓度。相关资料报道的雨水中TP 和 TN 的浓度范围分别为0.10.9mg/L 和 112mg/L 14。因此将配水中TP和 TN 的浓度分别控制在0.51.2mg/L 和 10 15mg/L 之间，在TN 中 NH4+-N 和 NO3-N 各占50。2.3 水质监测指标和方法实验过程中，分析
17、的指标包括TP、TN、NH4+-N、NO3-N、浊度和藻类等。其中TP、TN、NH4+-N 和 NO3-N 等采用标准方法进行测定5；浊度采用数显浊度仪测定。藻类计数用计数框测定。3 实验结果与讨论3.1 人工湿地对雨水的净化效果经过大约50 天的启动运行，湿地对各项污染物的去除效果趋于稳定，且植物也长到了3050cm，形成了一定的景观效果，湿地进入了成熟阶段。表1 汇总了进入成熟阶段后人工湿地对雨水水质的净化效果。由表1 可知：1）对 COD 的去除蓄水池水 即进水）中的COD 很低，在2.416.6mg/L 之间，主要是因为实验用雨水直接从房顶收集，未流经路面，因此受到的污染较少；另外收集
18、雨水的房顶铺设材料为水泥和砖，不会向外图 1 系统平面布置图人工湿地雨水储存池泵坑布水区集水区雨水文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:
19、CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 H
20、G10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 Z
21、U1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编
22、码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1
23、 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7
24、 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y14/7 溶出的有机物。当水力负荷为0.61.2m/d 时，出水COD 为 1.95.2mg/L 之间，去除率为18.480。当水力负荷为1.5m/d 时，COD 的去
25、除率出现了负值。初步分析，这可能是由于水力负荷过大，水流将湿地中积累的有机物带出造成的。2）对 TP 的去除当进水 TP 浓度为 0.050.72mg/L 时，出水 TP 在 0.030.42mg/L 之间，TP 去除率在1366之间，大部分情况下去除率集中在2050之间，说明湿地对TP 的去除效果较差。另外，当水力负荷由0.3m/d 增加到 1.5m/d 时，湿地对TP 的去除率并没有出现下降的现象，表明水力负荷对TP的去除效果没有明显的影响。3）对 N 的去除本实验从NH4+-N、NO3-N 和 TN 三个指标研究了人工湿地对雨水中N 的去除效果和规律。由表 1 可知，湿地对NH4+-N
26、的去除效果较差，进水NH4+-N 浓度为 0.047.36mg/L 之间，出水浓度在0.036.12mg/L 之间，且在大多情况下，出水NH4+-N 浓度高于进水的浓度，NH4+-N 去除率表现为负值。初步分析造成这一结果的原因为：湿地中截留一些的物质 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 COD 进水(mg/L/9.6-16.6 2.411.8 5.97.4 7.813 出水(mg/L/2.25.2 1.944.36 2.23.3 10.420.3 去除率(%/68.480 18.470 43.870-20-60 TP 进水(mg/L 0.240.43 0.150.72 0.050.25
27、0.240.54 0.050.12 出水(mg/L 0.170.24 0.130.42 0.030.13 0.120.31 0.030.09 去除率(%29.144.2 13.342 29.459.5 1366 2540 NH4+-N 进水(mg/L 0.210.34 0.727.36 0.097.23 0.092.14 0.043.2 出水(mg/L 1.881.54 1.265.09 0.496.12 0.151.85 0.032.41 去除率(%-498.2-357-341.241.7-410-20.5-66.614.8 5.942.9 NO3-N 进水(mg/L 0.653.26 1.
28、4219.35 1.832.7 0.7712.7 0.8917.76 出水(mg/L 0.080.29 0.283.10 0.2415.8 0.118.15 0.713.6 文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7
29、K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10
30、O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L
31、1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:C
32、K7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG
33、10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU
34、1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y15/7 去除率(%6597.5 73.696 51.788.1 62.475.7 16.5
35、44.2 TN 进水(mg/L 2.693.49 2.2527.11 2.5840.7 0.8815.09 1.1221.19 出水(mg/L 1.421.63 1.677.99 1.6623.4 0.2810.28 0.9016.31 去除率(%44.853.2 25.570.5 35.754 2267.9 1638.5 浊度进水(NTU 24.433.1 10.115.5 10.212.8 6.313.7 4.210.1 出水(NTU 1.12.1 0.571.83 1.091.92 1.022.71 0.621.07 去除率(%91.496.7 87.595.7 84.691.4 80.
36、285.4 85.391.2 湿地对 TN 的去除效果和规律与NO3-N 的相似。当进水TN 浓度在 0.1640.7mg/L 之间变化，湿地出水TN 在 0.2623.4mg/L 之间，TN 的去除率为1670.5。当水力负荷为0.31.2m/d时，TN 去除率在25.570.5之间，大部分情况下去除率集中在3055之间；当水力负荷由1.2m/d 增加到1.5m/d 时，NO3-N 的去除率却从25.570.5%下降到 1638.5%。TP 面积负荷 (g/m2 d TN 面积负荷 (g/m2 d 湿地出水TN(mg/L图 2 TP 和 TN的湿地面积负荷与出水浓度之间的关系文档编码:CK7
37、K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10
38、O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L
39、1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:C
40、K7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG
41、10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU
42、1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码
43、:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y16/7 本研究比较了TP、TN 和浊度在湿地沿程中的变化情况，结果如图3 所示。其中在考察TN 的沿程变化规律时，湿地的水力负荷为0.6m/d；考察TP 和浊度的沿程变化规律时，湿地的水力负荷为 0.3m/d。由图 3 可知，当TP、TN 和浊度的进水浓度分别为0.57mg/L、
44、11.3mg/L 和 33.5NTU 时，出水分别为 0.31mg/L、4.9mg/L 和 1.1NTU，去除率分别为45.6、56.6和 96.7。在湿地床的前二分之一段里，污染物的去除效果较为明显，TN、TP 和浊度的去除量分别占整个系统去除量的85.3、96.8和96.6。而在后二分之一段里，随着距离的增加污染物浓度仅略有降低。这一结果说明景观型湿地对TP、TN 和浊度的去除主要是在前二分之一段的湿地床中完成的。3.4 蓄水池内水质的改善效果为了考察人工湿地是否能长期将蓄水池内的水质保持在一个较好的水平，本部分研究安排了如下的对比实验：实验一：停止湿地运行，在蓄水池内蓄集雨 水并控制水位
45、约为0.5m。蓄水池内雨水的水质情况 如下：TP 0.25mg/L、TN 5.3mg/L、氨 氮 1.6mg/L、COD 10.9 mg/L、浊度 10.1NTU，水 温大约在2833。经过大约5 天时间，蓄水池内 爆发了严重的水华，水体呈墨绿色，较为混浊，且 有轻微的腥味散出。水中藻类的数量为32.2107个/L，浊度为 26.2NTU，透视深度不足0.2m。实验二：将水力负荷控制在1.5m/d，采用景 观型湿地对蓄水池中已经恶化的水进行处理。经过3天的处理，蓄水池中的藻类的数量减小到1.75107个/L，浊度下降到7.4NTU，没有腥味散出，水体 清澈见底。经过7 天的处理后，TP0.08
46、 mg/L、TN 1.23mg/L，COD11.8 mg/L、浊度 4.2 NTU。其 中TP 达到了地表水二类水体的水质要求，TN 达到地表是三类水体的要求6。实验结果表明，景观型湿地可以有效改善雨水蓄水池中的水质，并能够将雨水蓄集池中水的水质保持在较好的水平，可以满足多种雨水利用的需要。4 结论 图 3 湿地沿程的处理效果TP浓度(mg/LTN浓度(mg/L浊度(NTU文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7
47、ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档
48、编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G
49、1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R
50、7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1文档编码:CK7K3X4Z1G1 HG10O8R1K2R7 ZU1L1V9V6Y1