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1、单元评价检测(三)第三单元溶液(45 分钟100 分)一、选择题(本题包括10 小题,每小题 3 分,共 30 分)1.(2009德州中考)将厨房中的食盐、味精(谷氨酸的钠盐)、花生油、白醋四种物质,取少量分别放入适量水中充分搅拌,不能形成溶液的是()A.味精B.花生油C.食盐D.白醋【解析】选 B。由生活经验知,以上物质中,花生油不溶于水,故选B。2.从 100 g 20%的硝酸钾溶液中取出10 g 溶液,剩余溶液中溶质质量分数是()A.20%B.80%C.10%D.18%【解析】选 A。溶液具有均一性,各部分的组成相同,溶质质量分数各部分也相同。3.下列说法正确的是()A.碘酒中的溶剂是水
2、B.把食用油放入水里,并用力振荡,食用油是溶质C.硫酸铜放入水中,溶解后溶液呈红色D.把少量氯化钠放入水中溶解,溶质是氯化钠【解析】选 D。碘酒中的溶剂是酒精;食用油不溶于水,得到的混合物不是溶液,故食用油不是溶质;硫酸铜溶液呈蓝色,故A、B、C 皆错。4.下列有关洗涤问题的说法不正确的是()A洗洁精可使餐具上的油污乳化B汽油可溶解衣服上的油C酒精能洗去瓷砖上的水锈D加酶洗衣粉中的酶有助于洗去衣服上的血渍【解析】选 C。洗洁精能洗去油污是利用其乳化作用,故A 对;汽油可溶解油形成溶液,故能洗去衣服上的油污,故B 对;血渍中的蛋白质可在蛋白酶和水的作用下,逐步分解为氨基酸,溶解在水中,故D 对;
3、水锈既不溶于酒精,也不和酒精反应,故酒精不能洗去瓷砖上的水锈,故C 错。5.碘酒是医院常用的一种消毒剂。不能说明碘酒属于溶液的是()A.含有碘和酒精两种物质B.具有很好的稳定性C.均一,各部分成分相同D.显深黄色【解析】选 D。溶液是一种均一、稳定的混合物,A 说明碘酒是混合物,B、C 说明碘酒具有均一性、稳定性。一种液体是否有颜色与其是否属于溶液没有关系,故D 错。6.(2010广州中考)配制2 000 g 生理盐水(溶质质量分数为0.9%),需要称取氯化钠(食盐)的质量为()A.9 g B.18 g C.90 g D.180 g【解析】选 B。2 000 g 生理盐水中含氯化钠(食盐)的质
4、量为2 000 g0.9%=18 g,故选 B。7.将一定质量分数的氯化钠溶液逐渐加水稀释,下列图像符合溶液中溶质质量变化规律的是()【解析】选 B。溶质质量分数是溶质质量与溶液质量的比值。将一定质量分数的氯化钠溶液逐渐加水稀释时,溶液中溶剂质量增加,溶质质量分数减小,但溶质质量不变。故选B。8.大多数固体在水中的溶解能力随温度的升高而增大。可以加快固体溶质在水中的溶解速度的措施有:加热;搅拌;将固体溶质研细;增加溶剂的量。对大多数固体来讲,一般可行的是()A.和B.和C.和D.【解析】选 D。大多数固体在水中的溶解能力随温度的升高而增大。影响固体溶质在水中的溶解速度的因素有固体颗粒的大小、温
5、度高低、是否搅拌、是否振荡等。要加快固体溶质在水中的溶解速度,一般可以采取加热、搅拌、振荡、研细固体等办法。故选D。9.(2009扬州中考)制作“叶脉书签”需要配制100 g 12的氢氧化钠溶液(氢氧化钠有腐蚀性,设水的密度为1 g/mL)。下列操作正确的是()A.称量前调节天平平衡时发现指针向右偏转,可调节游码B.在左右托盘上垫滤纸称取12.0 g 氢氧化钠固体文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H
6、8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4
7、HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H
8、8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4
9、HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H
10、8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4
11、HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H
12、8Y9C.将准确称取的氢氧化钠固体直接倒入装有水的量筒中溶解D.选用 100 mL 量筒量取88.0 mL 的水【解析】选 D。称量前调节天平平衡时发现指针向右偏转,不应调节游码,应调节平衡螺母;氢氧化钠有腐蚀性,应放到烧杯中称量;量筒不能用于溶解固体,故A、B、C 皆错。10.下列说法中正确的是()A.将 50 mL 酒精与 50 mL 水充分混合,得到100 mL 酒精溶液B.将 m g 氯化钠放入n g 水中,充分振荡后,形成的溶液质量为(m+n)g C.溶液是由溶质和溶剂组成的,溶质可以是固体、液体或气体D.泥浆水中水是溶剂,泥沙是溶质【解析】选 C。由于分子之间有间隔,因此将酒精和水
13、混合,得到的酒精溶液体积小于它们的体积之和;将 m g 氯化钠和n g 水混合,如果氯化钠没有溶解完,则所得溶液的质量小于(m+n)g;溶质可以是固体,如食盐水中的食盐,可以是液体,如消毒酒精中的酒精;还可以是气体,如盐酸中的氯化氢;泥浆水不是溶液,静置一段时间后,泥沙会沉降。二、理解与应用(本题包括4 小题,共30 分)11.(9 分)阅读下面的材料,回答下列问题:过氧乙酸作为高效消毒剂在生活中被广泛使用。过氧乙酸在常温下是一种无色有刺激性气味的液体,易挥发,易溶于水和醋酸。它对呼吸道黏膜有刺激性,高含量的过氧乙酸溶液对皮肤有腐蚀性。一般商品过氧乙酸是过氧乙酸的质量分数为40%的醋酸溶液,使
14、用前通常先用蒸馏水等将其稀释,消毒时可用喷雾法消毒,也可将其配制成0.2%的水溶液洗手消毒。过氧乙酸不稳定,易分解生成无毒物质,若用喷雾法消毒,过氧乙酸在半小时内就可完全分解。(1)在过氧乙酸的质量分数为40%的醋酸溶液中,溶质是_,溶剂是 _。(2)分别指出过氧乙酸的一点物理性质和一点化学性质。物理性质:_;化学性质:_。(3)100 g 过氧乙酸的质量分数为0.2%的洗手液中含过氧乙酸_g。(4)不慎让高含量的过氧乙酸溶液沾到皮肤上,应做怎样的处理?_。(5)根据过氧乙酸的性质,用过氧乙酸喷雾消毒过的房间,人若要进去,应注意什么?_。【解析】过氧乙酸的醋酸溶液中溶质是过氧乙酸,溶剂是醋酸。
15、无色有刺激性气味的液体,易挥发,易溶文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档
16、编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9
17、U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档
18、编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9
19、U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档
20、编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9
21、U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9于水和醋酸属于过氧乙酸的物理性质;过氧乙酸不稳定,易分解,说明过氧乙酸发生化学反应的能力,属于化学性质。因为过氧乙酸溶液易溶于水,对皮肤有腐蚀性,沾到皮肤上,可用大量水冲洗稀释。消毒时过氧乙酸在半小时内就可完全分解,所以应在消毒半小时后才能进房间。答案:(1)过氧乙酸醋酸(2)无色有刺激性气味的液体(易挥发或易溶于水)不稳
22、定(或易分解)(3)0.2(4)用大量水冲洗(5)消毒半小时后才能进房间12.(10 分)(1)配制一定溶质质量分数的溶液的主要实验步骤是_、_、_、_。固体药品溶解时,常使用玻璃棒进行搅拌,其作用是_ _。(2)现有下列10 种常用仪器,若要配制质量分数为5的 NaCl 溶液 100 克,应选择的仪器有(填仪器名称前的标号)_。托盘天平长颈漏斗蒸发皿烧杯玻璃棒铁架台胶头滴管量筒酒精灯药匙【解析】配制一定质量分数的溶液的步骤是:计算、称量、溶解、装瓶存放。称量固体药品时使用托盘天平、药匙;量液体体积时使用量筒、胶头滴管;固体溶解时应将固体和水放入烧杯内,用玻璃棒搅拌加快溶解。答案:(1)计算称
23、量溶解装瓶存放加快溶解(2)13.(6 分)小明在家做蔗糖溶于水的实验时,观察到如图现象。请填空:(1)能说明糖水是溶液的现象有_;(2)溶解后,液面低于原水平线的微观解释是_ _;(3)从糖水中得到糖固体的方法是_。【解析】溶液由溶质与溶剂组成,糖消失进入水形成均一、稳定的混合物就得到了糖的水溶液;从糖水中得到糖固体需要将水蒸发。答案:(1)玻璃杯中的糖块消失了(2)分子间有间隔(3)蒸发14.(5 分)学习了溶液的知识后,可以帮助我们正确认识溶液的组成及物质的溶解过程。下表是几位同学文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9
24、J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5
25、B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9
26、J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5
27、B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9
28、J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5
29、B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9
30、J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9对溶液的错误认识,请你用熟悉的实例来否定其观点。【解析】本题考查对溶液的概念、组成、特征、性质的认识。从溶液的定义看,只有一种或几种物质分散到另一种物质中形成均一、稳定的混合物才是溶液,即溶液中,溶质可以是一种,也可以是多种,可以是固体、液体、气体中的任意一种;溶剂也不一定是液体;溶液具有均一稳定性,但不一定是无色的;溶液一定是混合物,但不一定是液体。答案:(1)硫酸铜溶液是蓝色的(2)水是均一稳定的液体,但水不是溶液(3)碘酒中酒精是溶剂(4)在海水中有食盐、氯
31、化镁等多种溶质(5)把植物油放入水中充分振荡后,形成乳浊液三、实验与探究(本题包括2 小题,共24 分)15.(12 分)(2009南昌中考)某实验小组利用如图所示仪器进行“配制溶质质量分数一定的氯化钠溶液”的实验:文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3
32、L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3
33、W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3
34、L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3
35、W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3
36、L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3
37、W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9(1)图 1中仪器 a 的名称是 _;按实验要求,图中还缺少的玻璃仪器是(填名称)_;(2)小婧按图2 的操作称取氯化钠,小民发现小婧的操作有错
38、误。你认为小婧操作中的错误是_;她称取的氯化钠实际质量为_g;(3)小民所取蒸馏水的体积如图3 所示,则该实验小组原计划配制的氯化钠溶液中溶质质量分数为(水的密度为 1 g/cm3)_。【解析】溶解氯化钠时,为了加快溶解速度,需要用玻璃棒搅拌;小婧错将砝码放在左盘,氯化钠放在了右盘,并且使用了游码,则氯化钠的质量为:15 g-3 g=12 g;从图 3 看出,量取水的体积为82 mL,则原计划所配溶液的溶质质量分数为:18 g/(18 g+82 g)100%=18%。答案:(1)烧杯玻璃棒(2)称量时砝码和氯化钠位置放反了12(3)18%16.(12 分)根据下面的实验报告回答问题。活动与探究
39、:氢氧化钠溶于水后液体温度的变化。探究目的:(1)了解物质溶解前后液体温度变化情况;(2)学习测量液体温度变化的方法。实验用品:药匙、烧杯、玻璃棒、温度计、氢氧化钠固体、水。操作过程(如图所示)文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编
40、码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U
41、2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编
42、码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U
43、2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编
44、码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U
45、2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9文档编码:CS1H6C3W9J4 HV7L9U2J1B8 ZH3L5B4H8Y9加适量水,加适量氢氧化钠,搅拌至完全溶解,测溶液温度。(1)实验室中取用药品,要注意不能用手接触药品、不要品尝药品,原因是_。(2)图示中的操作存在一处错误,应改正为
46、_ _。(3)图示中错误操作改正后,上述实验能否测得氢氧化钠固体溶解前后液体温度的变化范围?为什么?【解析】(1)实验室中的药品,有的有毒性,有的有腐蚀性,所以不能用手接触药品,也不能品尝药品;(2)搅拌液体时,应用玻璃棒,温度计是用来量取温度的;(3)图中只是测量了溶解后溶液的温度,溶解前水的温度没有测量,所以无法得知液体的温度变化范围。答案:(1)有的药品有毒性,有的有腐蚀性(2)使用玻璃棒搅拌(3)不能,因为没有测量加入氢氧化钠固体前水的温度。四、分析与计算(本题包括2 小题,共16 分)17.(8 分)汽车、电机车一般要使用铅酸蓄电池。某铅酸蓄电池用的酸溶液是溶质质量分数为28%的稀硫
47、酸,现用1 L 溶质质量分数为98%的浓硫酸(密度为1.84 g/cm3)配制该稀硫酸。问:(1)1 L 溶质质量分数为98%的浓硫酸的质量为_g,其中溶质的质量为_g。(2)将 1 L 溶质质量分数为98%的浓硫酸配制成28%的稀硫酸,需要蒸馏水(密度为1 g/cm3)_L,配得稀硫酸的质量为_kg。【解析】(1)1 L=1 000 mL,1 000 mL 1.84 g/cm3=1 840 g;溶质的质量=溶液的质量溶质的质量分数=1 840 g98%=1 803.2 g。(2)溶液的质量=溶质的质量溶质的质量分数=1 803.2 g28%=6 440 g=6.44 kg,(6 440 g-
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