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1、读书破万卷下笔如有神建筑结构与识图试题标准答案一、填空题1.1：100、1：200、1：150、1：50 2.摩擦型桩、端承型桩3.混凝土保护层厚度4.现浇整体式、装配式、装配整体式5.踏步板、梯段斜梁、平台板、平台梁6.横墙承重体系、内框架承重体系7.强剪弱弯、强柱弱梁、强剪弱弯8.两、暗柱、端柱、连梁、暗梁、边框梁9.斜裂缝10.I 截面高度、L 长肢宽 短肢宽 厚度、C 截面高度、外径 壁厚二、名词解释1.整个房屋的梁和立柱通过节点连为一体，由梁、柱、节点及基础组成的承重结构体系成为框架结构。2.将部分或全部砖立砌成两边薄壁，中间形成空洞的砌体叫空斗砌体。3.过梁是砌体结构门窗洞口上常用
2、的构件，用以承受门窗洞口以上砌体自重以及其上梁板传来的荷载。4.构造柱是指先砌筑墙体后在墙体两端或纵横墙交接处现浇的钢筋混凝土柱。5.当较大的轴向力作用在砌体截面的某一部分上时，砌体受力状态称为局部受压。三、简答题1.剪力墙平法施工图的表达方式有列表注写方式和截面注写方式两种。列表注写方式，是分别在剪力墙柱表、剪力墙身表和剪力墙梁表中，对应于剪力墙平面布置图上的编号，用绘制截面配筋图与配筋具体数值的方式，来表达剪力墙平法施工图。为表达清晰、简洁，剪力墙可以被看作由剪力墙柱、剪力墙身和剪力墙梁三类构件构成。原位注写方式，在分标准层绘制的剪力墙平面布置图上，以直接在墙柱、墙身、墙梁上注写截面尺寸和
3、配筋具体数值的方式来表达剪力墙平法施工图。选用适当比例原位放大绘制剪力墙平面布置图，其中对墙柱绘制配筋截面图；对所有墙柱、墙身、墙梁进行编号，并分别在相同编号的墙柱、墙身、墙梁中选择一根墙柱、一道墙身、一根墙梁进行编号。2.剪力墙柱表表达的内容为：（1）注写墙柱编号；（2）截面配筋图；（3）注写各段墙柱起止标高，自墙柱根部往上以变截面位置或截面未变但配筋改变处为界分段注写；（4）注写各段墙柱的纵向钢筋和箍筋。剪力墙身表表达的内容为：注写各段墙身起止标高，注写水平分布钢筋、竖向分布钢筋和拉筋的具体数值。剪力墙梁表表达的内容：（1）注写墙梁编号；（2）墙梁所在楼层层号；（3）墙梁顶面标高高差。3.
4、圈梁的作用：为了增强砌体结构房屋的整度，防止由于地基不均匀沉降或较大振动荷读书破万卷下笔如有神载等对房屋引起的不利影响，应根据地基情况、房屋类型、层数以及所受的振动荷载等情况设置钢筋混凝土圈梁。构造要求：（1）圈梁宜连续地设在同一水平面上，并形成封闭状。当圈梁被门窗洞口截断时，应在洞口上部增设相同截面的附加圈梁。（2）纵横墙交接处的圈梁应有可靠的连接。（3）钢筋混凝土圈梁的宽度宜喻墙厚相同，当墙厚 240mm 时，其宽度不宜小于2h/3。圈梁高度不应小于120mm。纵向钢筋不宜少于410，绑扎接头的搭接长度按受拉钢筋考虑，箍筋间距不应大于300mm。（4）圈梁兼做过梁时，过梁部分的钢筋应按计算
5、用量另行增配。4.钢结构常用的连接方法有焊缝连接、螺栓连接和铆钉连接三种。焊缝连接优点：构造简单，连接方便，用料经济，不削弱截面，加工方便，可实现自动化操作，连接密闭性好，结构刚度大。焊缝连接缺点：容易产生残余应力，残余变形，对裂纹敏感，低温下产生冷脆等。螺栓连接优点：施工工艺简单、安装方便，特别适合于工地安装连接，也便于拆卸，适用于需要拆装结构和临时性连接，紧固工具和工艺较简单，易于实施，施工进度和质量容易保证。螺栓连接缺点：需要在板件上开孔使构件截面削弱；拼装时对孔，对制造的精度要求较高；被连接件常需相互搭接或设辅助板连接，因而构造繁琐且浪费钢材。铆钉连接优点：连接紧固，塑性和韧性好，传力
6、可靠，质量易于检查。铆钉连接缺点：构造复杂，费工费料。四、识图题1.构件名称构件代号构件名称构件代号构件名称构件代号板B 梁L 柱Z 空心板KB 连系梁LL 约束边缘暗柱YAZ 屋面板WB 圈梁QL 框架柱KZ 槽形板CB 屋面梁WL 芯柱XZ 折板ZB 吊车梁DL（2)Q235 表示屈服点的屈服强度为235MPa的钢材 Mu7.5 砌块的强度等级为MU7.5 2.柱下独立 100mm 强度等级为C10的素混凝土图略3.该梁编号为楼层框架梁（KL2)，有两跨，一端带悬挑，梁截面尺寸bh=300mm 650mm 梁内配有8 的双肢箍筋，箍筋间距在梁加密区与非加密区分别是100mm 和 200mm
7、 文档编码:CZ2G2Q9Y8E9 HT4H7Q3R2F7 ZO8I1Z5J3V8文档编码:CZ2G2Q9Y8E9 HT4H7Q3R2F7 ZO8I1Z5J3V8文档编码:CZ2G2Q9Y8E9 HT4H7Q3R2F7 ZO8I1Z5J3V8文档编码:CZ2G2Q9Y8E9 HT4H7Q3R2F7 ZO8I1Z5J3V8文档编码:CZ2G2Q9Y8E9 HT4H7Q3R2F7 ZO8I1Z5J3V8文档编码:CZ2G2Q9Y8E9 HT4H7Q3R2F7 ZO8I1Z5J3V8文档编码:CZ2G2Q9Y8E9 HT4H7Q3R2F7 ZO8I1Z5J3V8文档编码:CZ2G2Q9Y8E9 HT
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