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1、12月大年夜学英语四级真题(1)PartWriting(30minutes)留心：此部分试题在答题卡1上，请在答题卡1上作答。Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionentitledEducationPaysbasedonthestatisticsprovidedinthechartbelow(Weeklyearningsof2010).Pleasewriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Education:AWorthyInvestmentWeeklyearnin
2、gsin2010($)Doctoraldegree1,5501,2721,038712626444MastersdegreeBachelorsdegreeSomecollege,nodegreeHighschooldiplomaLessthanhighschooldegreeSource:U.S.BureauofLaborStatisticsEducationPaysPartReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassag
3、equicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.ShouldSugarBeRegulatedlikeAlcoholandTobacco?Sugarposesenoughhealthrisksthatitshouldbeconsideredacontrolledsubs
4、tancejustlikealcoholandtobacco,argueateamofresearchersfromtheUniversity of California,SanFrancisco(UCSF).Inanopinionpiececalled“TheToxic(毒性的)TruthAboutSugarpublishedFeb.1 inNature,RobertLustig,LauraSchmidtandClaireBrindisarguethatitswrongtoconsidersugarjust“emptycalories.Theywrite:“Thereisnothingemp
5、tyaboutthesecalories.Agrowingbodyofscientificevidenceisshowingthatfructose(果糖)cantriggerprocessesthatleadtolivertoxicityandahostofotherchronicdiseases.Alittleisnotaproblem,butalotkillsslowly.Almosteveryonesheardoforpersonallyexperiencedthewell-knownsugarhigh,soperhapsthecomparisonbetweensugarandalco
6、holortobaccoshouldntcomeasasurprise.ButitsdoubtfulthatAmericanswilllookfavorablyuponregulatingtheirfavoritevice.Wereanationthatssweetonsugar:theaverageU.S.adultdowns22teaspoonsofsugaraday,accordingtotheAmericanHeartAssociation,andsurveyshavefoundthatteensswallow34teaspoons.Tocounterourconsumption,th
7、eauthorsadvocatetaxingsugaryfoodsandcontrollingsalestokidsunder17.Already,17%ofU.S.childrenandteensareobese(胖胖),andacrosstheworldthesugarintake(摄入)hasincreasedthreetimesinthepast50years.Theincreasehashelpedcreateaglobalobesityplaguethatcontributesto35millionannualdeathsworldwidefromnoninfectiousdise
8、asesincludingcancer,heartdiseaseanddiabetes.LindaMatzigkeit,aseniorvicepresidentatChildrensHealthcare,said“Wehavetodosomethingaboutthisorourcountryisindanger.Itsnotgoodifyourstatehasthesecond-highestobesityrate.Obesechildrenturnintoobeseadults.“Therearegoodcaloriesandbadcalories,justastherearegoodfa
9、tsandbadfats,goodaminoacids(氨基酸)andbadaminoacids,Lustig,directoroftheWeightAssessmentforTeenandChildHealthprogramatUCSF,saidinastatement.“Butsugaristoxicbeyonditscalories.Thefoodindustrytriestoimplythat“acalorieisacalorieisacalorie,saysKellyBrownell,directoroftheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYa
10、le University.“Butthisandotherresearchsuggeststhereissomethingdifferentaboutsugar,saysBrownell.TheUCSFreportemphasizesthemetabolic(新陈代谢)effectsofsugar.Excesssugarcanaltermetabolism,raisebloodpressure,affectthesignalingofhormonesanddamagetheliveroutcomesthatsoundsuspiciouslysimilartowhatcanhappenafte
11、rapersondrinkstoomuchalcohol.Schmidt,co-chairofUCSFsCommunityEngagementandHealthPolicyprogram,notedonCNN:“Whenyouthinkaboutit,thisactuallymakesalotofsense.Alcohol,afterall,issimplymadefromsugar.Wheredoesvodkacomefrom?Sugar.Buttherearealsootherareasofimpactthatresearchershaveinvestigated:theeffectofs
12、ugaronthebrainandhowliquidcaloriesareinterpreteddifferentlybythebodythansolids.Researchhassuggestedthatsugaractivatesthesamerewardpathwaysinthebrainastraditionaldrugsofabuselikemorphineorheroin.Nooneisclaimingtheeffectofsugarisquitethatstrong,but,saysBrownell,“ithelpsconfirmwhatpeopletellyousometime
13、s,thattheyhungerforsugarandhavewithdrawalsymptomswhentheystopeatingit.Theresalsosomethingparticularlytrickyaboutsugarydrinks.“Whencaloriescomeinliquids,thebodydoesntfeelasfull,saysBrownell.“Peoplearegettingmoreoftheircaloriesthaneverbeforefromsugareddrinks.Othercountries,includingFrance,GreeceandDen
14、mark,imposesodataxes,andtheconceptisbeingconsideredinatleast20U.S.citiesandstates.Lastsummer,Philadelphiacameclosetopassinga2-cents-per-ouncesodatax.TheRudd Centerhasbeenastrongadvocateofamoremodest1-cent-per-puncetax.Butatleastonestudy,from2010,hasraiseddoubtsthatsodataxeswouldresultinsignificantwe
15、ightloss:apparentlypeoplewhoaredeterminedtoeatanddrinkunhealthilywillfindwaystodoit.Teensnosurprisearegoodatfindingwaystogetthethingstheycanthave,sostatepoliciesbanningallsugar-sweeteneddrinksfrompublicschoolsandprovidingonlywater,milkor100%fruitjuiceshaventhadtheintendedeffectofsteeringkidsawayfrom
16、drinkingsugareddrinks:theaverageteenconsumesabout300caloriesperdaythatsnearly15%ofhisdailycaloriesinsweeteneddrinks,andthefoodanddrinkindustryisonlytoohappytofeedthisneed.Ultimately,regulatingsugarwillproveparticularlytrickybecauseitgoesbeyondhealthconcerns;sugar,forsomanypeople,islove.Aplateofcut-u
17、pvegetablesjustdoesntpackthesameemotionalacupcakeandnotanappleasanafter-schooltreattoday.Wedontdothatregularlyitsthefirsttimethisschoolyear,actuallyandthatswhatmadeitspecial.Asasociety,couldweeverreachthepointwherewedthinkapplesnotacupcakearesomethingtogetexcitedover?SaysBrindis,oneofthereportsautho
18、rsanddirectorofUCSFsPhilipR.LeeInstituteforHealthPolicyStudies:“Werecognizethatthereareculturalandcelebratoryaspectsofsugar.Changingthesepatternsisverycomplicated.Forinroads(进展)tobemade,saytheauthorsintheirstatement,peoplehavetobebettereducatedaboutthehazardsofsugarandagreethatsomethingsgottochange:
19、Manyoftheinterventions(干预)thathavereducedalcoholandtobaccoconsumptioncanbemodelsforaddressingthesugarproblem,suchasimposingspecialsalestaxes,controllingaccess,andtighteninglicensingrequirementsonvendingmachines(自动售货机)andsnack-barssellhighsugarproductsinschoolsandworkplaces.“Werenottalkingprohibition
20、,Schmidtsaid.“Werenotadvocatingamajorimpositionofthegovernmentintopeopleslives.Weretalkingaboutgentlewaystomakesugarconsumptionslightlylessconvenient,therebymovingpeopleawayfromtheconcentrateddoes.Whatwewantistoactuallyincreasepeopleschoicesbymakingfoodsthatarentloadedwithsugarcomparativelyeasierand
21、cheapertoget.留心:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Whydosomeresearchersthinksugarshouldbeconsidered“acontrolledsubstance?AItcontainsnothingbutemptycalories.BItisasharmfulasmorphineandheroin.CItworksthesamewayasalcoholandtobaccointhehumanbody.DExcessiveintakeofsugarresultsinlivertoxicityandvariousdiseases.2.Whatmightb
22、eAmericansattitudetowardsgovernmentregulationofsugarconsumption?AEnthusiastic.BIndifferent.CDisapproving.DSupportive.3.Whatisaconsequenceofexcessivesugarintakeworldwide?AItcontributesto35millionnoninfectiousdisease-relateddeathsayear.BIthasincreasedthedeathtollnearlythreetimesinthepast50years.CItcon
23、tributestotheri搜索引擎优化fpricesofsugarandsugaryfoods.DIthasincreasedtheglobalobesityratetosome17percent.4.Thefoodindustrytriestorelievethepublicworryaboutsugarintakebysuggestingthat.AsugarisnomorethanasourceofenergyBsugarisnotharmfullikealcoholortobaccoCthehazardofsugartothebodyisexaggeratedDtheconsump
24、tionofsugariseasilycontrollable5.AccordingtoBrownell,liquidsugar.AisespeciallyattractivetoyoungchildrenBismucheasierandquickertoabsorbthansolidsugarCeffectivelystimulatespeoplesappetiteDincreasesyourcalorieintakewithoutyourknowingit6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepracticeofimposingsugartaxes?AItwillhar
25、mthefoodanddrinkindustry.BItisunlikelytoyieldtheintendedeffect.CItislikelytoalterpeopleseatinghabits.DItcansteerkidsawayfromsugarfoods.7.Regulatingsugarwillprovetrickybecause.ApeopleconsumesugarinlargequantitiesBnothinghasbeenfoundtoreplacesugarCsugarmayconveyasen搜索引擎优化floveDmanyfoodswillbecometaste
26、less8.Inordertoreducesugarconsumption,educationshouldbeconductedtoraisepeoplesawarenessofits.9.Toaddressthesugarproblem,theauthorsuggeststhatthelicensingrequirementsonvendingmachinesandsnack-barssellinghighsugarproductsbe.10.Agentlewaytosteerpeopleawayfromsugaristomakeinexpensive,low-sugarfoods.Part
27、ListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmu
28、streadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.AHeneedsanotherweekforthepainting.BThepaintingwascompletedjustintime.CThebuildingwontopenuntilnextweek.DHisartisticworkhasbeenwellrec
29、eived.12.AGocamping.BRentatent.CDecoratehishouse.Dorganizeaparty.13.AShetalkedwithMr.Wrightonthephone.BSheisabouttocallMr.Wrightssecretary.CShewillseeMr.Wrightatlunchtime.DShefailedtoreachMr.Wright.14.AHeisactuallyveryhardworking.BHehasdifficultyfinishinghisproject.CHeneedstospendmoretimeinthelab.DH
30、eseldomtellsthetruthabouthimself.15.ARulesrestrictingsmoking.BWaystoquitsmoking.CSmokershealthproblems.DHazardsofpassivesmoking.16.AHeisoutoftownallmorning.BHeistiedupinfamilymatters.CHehasbeenwritingareport.DHehasgotmeetingstoattend.17.AHeisnoteasy-going.BHeisthespeakersboss.CHeisnotathomethisweeke
31、nd.DHeseldominvitespeopletohishome.18.ATakeabreak.BRefuelhiscar.CAsktheway.DHaveacupofcoffee.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.ATheyareasgoodashistoricalfilms.BTheygiveyoungstersathrill.CTheyhavegreatlyimproved.DTheyarebetterthancomicsonfilm.20.ATheeffectswereverygood.BTheacting
32、wasjustso-so.CTheplotwastoocomplicated.DThecharacterswerelifelike.21.ATheytriumphedultimatelyoverevilinthebattle.BTheyplayedthesameroleinWaroftheWorlds.CTheyarepopularfiguresamongyoungpeople.DTheyaretwoleadingcharactersinthefilm.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.AItisscheduledon
33、Thursdaynight.BItissupposedtolastnineweeks.CIttakesplaceonceaweek.DItusuallystartsatsix.23.ATomakegoodu搜索引擎优化fhersparetimeintheevening.BTomeettherequirementsofherin-servicetraining.CToimproveherdrivingskillsasquicklyaspossible.DTogetsomebasicknowledgeaboutcarmaintenance.24.AParticipateingroupdiscuss
34、ions.BTaketurnstomakepresentations.CListentotheteachersexplanation.DAnswertheteachersquestions.25.AMostofthemarefemale.BSomehaveapart-timejob.CTheyplantobuyanewcar.DAfewofthemareoldchaps.SectionBDirection:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththep
35、assageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.ASheisnotgo
36、odatmakingfriends.BSheisnotwelloff.CSheenjoyscompany.DShelikestogotoconcertsalone.27.ATheirsimilarsocialstatus.BTheirinterdependence.CTheircommoninterest.DTheiridenticalcharacter.28.AInvitePattoaliveconcert.BBuysomegiftsforPatskids.CHelptakecareofPatskids.DPayforPatsseasontickets.29.AItcandevelopbet
37、weenpeoplewithabigdifferentinincome.BItcanbemaintainedamongpeopleofdifferentagegroups.CItcannotlastlongwithoutsimilarfamilybackground.DItcannotbesustainedwhenfriendsmovefarapart.PassageTwoQuestions30o32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.APriorityofstudentsacademicachievements.BEqualeducationopp
38、ortunitiestoallchildren.CSocialequalitybetweenteachersandstudents.DRespectforstudentsindividuality.31.AEfficient.BComplicated.CLengthy.DDemocratic.32.ATohelpthemacquirehands-onexperience.BTotrytocutdownitsoperationalexpenses.CToprovidepart-timejobsforneedystudents.DToenablethemtolearntotakeresponsib
39、ility.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.AThebestwaytoworkthroughafingermaze.BIndividualdoingbetterinfrontofanaudience.CResearchershavingcontributedgreatlytopsychology.DImprovementsontheclassificationofhumanbehavior.34.AWhenyoufeelencouragedbytheaudience.BWhenyoutryto
40、figureoutaconfusinggame.CWhenyoualreadyknowhowtodosomething.DWhenyoucompetewithotherpeopleinagroup.35.APracticingconstantly.BWorkingbyoneself.BLearningbydoing.DUsingprovenmethods.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencareful
41、lyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblank,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyouro
42、wnwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.留心：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。Americantodayhavedifferenteatinghabitsthantheyhadinthepast.Thereisawide(36)offoodavailable.Theyhaveabroader(37)ofnutrition(营养),sotheybuymorefreshfruitand(38)thaneverbefore.Atthesametime,Americans(39
43、)increasingquantitiesofsweetsandsodas.Statisticsshowthatthewaypeoplelive(40)thewaytheyeat.Americanlifestyleshavechanged.Therearenowgrowingnumbersofpeoplewholivealone,(41)parentsandchildren,anddouble-incomefamilies.Thesechanginglifestylesare(42)fortheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhomust(43)mealsorsometime
44、ssimplygowithoutthem.ManyAmericanshavelesstimethaneverbeforetospendpreparingfood.(44).Moreover,Americanseatoutnearlyfourtimesaweekonaverage.Itiseasytostudytheamountsandkindsoffoodthatpeopleconsume.(45).Thisinformationnotonlytellsuswhatpeopleeating,butalsotellsusaboutthechangesinattitudesandtastes.(4
45、6).Instead,chicken,turkeyandfishhavebecomemorepopular.Salesofthesefoodshavegreatlyincreasedinrecentyears.PartReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirection:Inthissection,thereisapassagewith10blanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordblankfollowin
46、gthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceintheblankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemakethecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.UUUYoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenCarl
47、yFiorinabecameHewlett-Packardsfirstfemalechiefexecutiveofficer,theexistenceofherhousehusband,FrankFiorina,whohadretiredearlyfromAT&Ttosupporthercareer,wasamini-sensation(小惊扰);nowthisarrangementisntUUU47UUUatall.Sevenofthe18womenwhoareUUU48UUUCEOs,ofFortune500companiesincludingXeroxsUrsulaBurnsandPepsiCosIndraNooyihave,oratsomepointhavehad,astay-at-homehusband.SodoscoresofUUU49UU