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1、Period5GrammarTheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriodThisisthefifthperiod,whichwillcenteronthegrammar:usingthepastparticipleastheadverbialandattribute.Atthebeginningoftheperiod,theteachershouldoffersometimetogooverwhatthestudentslearnedinthelastperiod.Latertheteacherhadbetterpresentsomesentencescontainingthepast
2、participleusedastheadverbialandattributeonpurposebyaskingthestudentstodosomeexercises.Getthestudentstofindallthesentencescontainingthepastparticipleinthetwopassages.Afterfindingthem,theteachercanaskthestudentstoanalyzethemandunderstandthefunctionofthepastparticipleinthosesentences.Whiledoingit,thest
3、udentsshouldbegivensomeexplanationabouthowtousethepastparticiple.Thefollowingstepistopractisemoreaboutthegrammar.Theteachershouldarrangesomeactivitiescarefullyandcreatively.Firstletthemdosomesimpleexercises.Forexample,combinethetwosentencesusingthepastparticipleastheadverbialandattribute.Thenaskthem
4、studentstomakesomesentencesusingthepastparticiple.Besidesthat,theteachershouldhelpthestudentstoreviewtheotherusagesofthepastparticiple.Intheend,letthemwriteapassageusingthepastparticipleproperly.Apartfromtheusageofthepastparticiple,theteacherhadbettermakethestudentsunderstandthedifferencebetweenthep
5、astparticipleandthepresentparticiple.Inordertohavethestudentsmasterit,theteachershouldchoosesomeexercisestosupplythestudentswithsomeproblemstodealwith.Bydoingandpracticingmore,thestudentsmaymasterthegrammar.TeachingImportantPointsTolearnaboutthepastparticipleusedastheadverbialandtheattribute.Teachin
6、gDifficultiesToknowthedifferencebetweenthepastparticipleandthepresentparticiple.TeachingAidsMulti-mediaclassroomandothernormalteachingtools.ThreeDimensionalTeachingAimsKnowledgeAimsTolearnaboutthepastparticipleusedastheadverbialandtheattribute.AbilityAimsTousethepastparticipleusedastheadverbialandth
7、eattributefreelyandproperlyinspeakingandwriting.EmotionalAimsEncouragethestudentstostudybythemselves.Makethemknowonlybydoingmoreexercisescantheylearnthegrammarwell.TeachingProcedureStep1GreetingT:Hello,myfriends.Ss:Hello,MissWang.Step2RevisionT:Doyoustillrememberwhatyoulearnedinthisunit?Pleasesaysom
8、ethingaboutthelifeinthefuture.S:Thelifeinthefutureisquitedifferentfromthepresentlife.S:Peopleinthefuturewilltravelbyhoveringcarriage,whichwillbedrivenbycomputer.S:Peoplewillsufferfromthelackoffreshair,buttheywillwearmaskstofeelmuchbetter.S:Inthefuture,equipmentwillmakelifemuchmoreconvenientthannow.S
9、s:.T:Good.Nowpleaseanswersomequestionsaccordingtothepassage:IHaveSeenAmazingThings.Wheredidhevisitinthefirstplace?Whatdidhefindthere?S:Hisfirstvisitwastoaspacestationconsideredthemostmoderninthispartofspace.Itisanenormousroundplate,whichspinsslowlyinspacetoimitatethepulloftheearthsgravity.Inside,iti
10、sdividedintozoneswithextraordinarilydifferentatmospheresandgravities.Therethealiencreatureslivewhiletheyworkwithhumanspacescientistssearchingfornewworlds.T:Excellent.Wouldyoupleasedescribethefriendliestcreatureshemet?S:Thefriendliestcreaturesarethemu-mu,afamilyfromthePleiadesgroupofstars.Theycanseei
11、nthedarksotheyliveinanareawithoutlightofanykind.TheyhaveassistedinthediscoveryofplanetsroundthefourthstarinthePleiadessystem.Theyspeakinwhispersandeatfoodthatcontainscarbon.Theyhavesixarmsandoneshell-coveredleg.Theymovedforwardbyslowlyshakingfromsidetosideandtheyaretallandthinwithwhiteandblackfaces.
12、T:Youdidagoodjob.Whataboutthemostinterestingcreatures?S:ThemostinterestingcreaturesarethetinydimpodsfromagalaxynearNGC6240.Theyskiparoundthepipesandbetweenthewoodenwallsofthespacestation.Theyrequirethesameatmosphereashumansandaregreatengineers.Theywillbeabletotravelmanylightyearsawayfromtheearth.The
13、yalsocanproduceaspecialliquidfromtheirbodies.Theyarenoteasytotalkto,becauseyouhavetousealanguage-changertohelpandtheyshoutloudlyinyourear.Theyareverysmallwithmanyarmsandlegs.Theyarepurpleorblueandthecolorchangesdependingontheirmood.Step3PresentationT:Canyoufindthefollowingsentenceinthereadingpassage
14、?Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.T:Inthissentencethepastparticipleisusedasanadverbialphrase.Itisawayofjoiningtwoclausestogether:AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Nowpleasepickoutthreemoresentencesfromthereadingpassageswithpastparticiplesusedastheadve
15、rbial.Youareallowedtofindasmanysentencesaspossibleintwominutes.(Twominuteslater,askthestudentstoreportwhattheyhavefound.)S:Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparentscompanynamed“FutureTourstransportedmesafelyintothefutureinatimecapsule.S:Confusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.S:Exhauste
16、d,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.S:Describedasanenormousroundplate,itspinsslowlyinspacetoimitatethepulloftheearthsgravity.T:Good.Youjustfoundallthesentencescontainingthepastparticiplesusedastheadverbials.Besidesusingastheadverbials,thepastparticiplescanalsobeusedastheattributes.Canyoufindthesentences
17、withpastparticiplesusedasattributes?Finishitintwominutes.(Twominuteslater,letthestudentsreadthesesentenceswithpastparticiplesastheattributes.)S:Myfirstvisitwastoaspacestationconsideredthemostmoderninthispartofspace.S:Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparentscompanynamed“FutureTourstransportedmesafelyin
18、tothefutureinatomecapsule.S:SoonIwasbackonmyfeetagainandfollowedhimtocollectahoveringcarriagedrivenbycomputer.S:Tomorrowyouwillbereadyforsomevisitsorganizedbythecompany.S:Themu-mudrinkastrangemixtureofcarrotjuiceandcocoa,whilethedimpodsdrinklemonademixedwithherbs.S:Theymoveforwardbyslowlyshakingfrom
19、sidetosideonashell-covered“leg.Step4PractisingT:Fromthesentencesmentionedjustnow,whatdoyouknowabouttheusageofpastparticiplesasadverbialsandattributes?S:Weusepastparticiplesasattributeswhenwewanttojointwoclausestogether,whichisanattributiveclause.T:Yes.过去分词作定语,在语态上,表主动;在时刻上,表示举动已经发生或完成,与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动
20、宾关系。过去分词作定语时,所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于主动句中的主语,过去分词相当于谓语。过去分词作定语表示举动在谓语举动之前发生,已经完成并存在主动意思。偶尔也不表示时刻性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来,因为只需及物动词才有主动意思。比如:Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.他是个特不受老师亲爱的教师。也无效不迭物动词的过去分词作定语的情况,一般作前置定语,它不表示主动意思,只表示主动意思,夸张举动完成。不克不迭像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。比如:fallenleaves落叶retiredworkers退休工人therisensun升起的太阳T:N
21、owcombinethesetwosentencesusingthepastparticipleastheattribute.Soonwelostsightofthatfamousastronomer.HeiscalledLiQiang.S:SoonwelostsightofthatfamousastronomercalledLiQiang.T:Iamgoingtobuyapainting.ItiscopiedfromVincentVanGogh.S:IamgoingtobuyapaintingcopiedfromVincentVanGogh.T:Ilikethatoldprivatehous
22、e.Itisbuiltofwoodandmud.S:Ilikethatoldprivatehousebuiltofwoodandmud.T:Theroomiscompletelyempty.Theroomisconnectedtotherestofthehousebyalongpassage.S:Theroomconnectedtotherestofthehousebyalongpassageiscompletelyempty.T:Thequeenwassittinginaroyalcarriage.Thecarriagewasdrawnbyfourhorses.S:Thequeenwassi
23、ttinginaroyalcarriagedrawnbyfourhorses.T:Thevehicleismentionedinthebook.Thevehicleisunknowntome.S:Thevehiclementionedinthebookisunknowntome.T:Thecastleisunderrepair.Itwasbuiltin1432.S:Thecastlebuiltin1432isunderrepair.T:Justnowwepracticedpastparticiplesusedasattributes.Therearestillsomenotesweshould
24、payattentionto.留心下面过去分词作定语的几多种情况:1.单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。比如:Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers.我们需要更多的合格工人。Myfriendisareturnedstudent.我的冤家是个回国的留老师。单个分词也能够作后置定语,用以夸张举动。比如:Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他们决定更换应用的材料。2.过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,作后置定语,其感染相当于一个定语从句。比如:Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.(=
25、Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.)穿白色衣服的老师是我的女儿。3.假定被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所形成的复合代词或教唆代词those等时,即使一个单一的分词作描绘词用,也要放在被修饰词的后面。比如:Isthereanythingunsolved?尚有没处置的咨询题吗？ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.自从我分开那个城镇以来,几乎不什么变卦。4.单个过去分词前加一个名词或副词,常用连字符将它们连接起来形成一个复合描绘词,放在其修饰的名词前,作
26、前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的举动或举动主体,所加的副词表示办法、时刻、程度、性质等意思。比如:Thisisastate-ownedfactory.这是一家国有工厂。Thisisourschool-runfactory.这是我们的校办工厂。T:Nowletslearnpastparticiplesusedasadverbials.分词作状语分词在句子中作状语,能够表示时刻、条件、缘故、结果、让步、伴随等。分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语不合。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。比如:Accompaniedbyhisfriend,hewenttotherailwaystation.Give
27、nbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.Helookedtiredanddepressed,visiblydisturbedbythenewsofhismothersillness.分词在句子中作状语,应用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用如今分词,动宾或主动关系用过去分词。比如:1.Nothavingenoughhands,weturnedtothemforhelp.(Wedonthaveenoughhands.)2.Taughtbymistakesandsetbacks,wehavebecomewiserandhandledour
28、affairsbetter.(Wearetaughtbymistakesandsetbacks.)3.InspiredbytheInternational,theworkingpeopleofallcountrieshavebeenfightingfortheirfinalliberation.(Theworkingpeoplewereinspired/inspiretheworkingpeople.)4.Nomatterhowfrequently_,theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudiences.(CET-41995,6)A.performing
29、B.performedC.tobeperformedD.beingperformed本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演,可见分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,该当用过去分词,故答案为B。5._asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.(CET-41996,1)A.BeingpublishedB.PublishedC.PublishingD.Tobepublished本句中as指导的是让步状语从句,意思为:他的作品尽管在被如此的时候出版,依然引起了关注,可见分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,该当用过去分词,故答案为B。T:Nowletscombine
30、thesetwosentencesusingthepastparticipleastheadverbial.Iwasfrightenedbytheloudnoise.Iwenttoseewhatwashappening.S:Frightenedbytheloudnoise,Iwenttoseewhatwashappening.T:Hewashitbythelackoffreshair.Hegotabadheadache.S:Hitbythelackoffreshair,hegotabadheadache.T:Ifeltverytiredafterthelongjourney.Istillenj
31、oyedmeetingthealiensonthespacestation.S:Tiredafterthelongjourney,Istillenjoyedmeetingthealiensonthespacestation.T:Thelittlegirlwasfrightenedbythenoiseoutside.Thelittlegirldarednotsleepinherbedroom.S:Frightenedbythenoiseoutside,thelittlegirldarednotsleepinherbedroom.T:Themuseumwasbuiltin1910.Themuseu
32、misalmost100yearsold.S:Builtin1910,themuseumisalmost100yearsold.T:Thestudentwasgivensomeadvicebythefamousscientist.Thestudentwasnotworriedabouthisscientificexperimentanymore.S:Givensomeadvicebythefamousscientist,thestudentwasnotworriedabouthisscientificexperimentanymore.Step5Applying(output)T:Nowlet
33、sdosomeexercisestoapplypastparticiples.1.Once_(recover),hethrewhimselfintohisworkandmadeeveryefforttodoitwell.2.If_(translate)wordbyword,thepassagewillbedifficulttounderstand.3.Afteranight_(spend)inexcitementandsleeplessness,Iforcedmyselftotakealongwalkalongthebeachthenextday.4.Hewalkedupanddown,_(l
34、ose)inthought.5.Susanseldomspeaksinclassuntil_(speak)to.6.Withthewaterpipe_(choke),therewasntanymorewaterforuse.7.Withoutanything_(leave)inthekitchen,theWangsdecidedtoeatout.(Theteachershouldletthestudentsdoitfirstandthenchecktheanswers.)Suggestedanswers:17:recovered,translated,spent,lost,spoken,cho
35、ked,leftStep6ConsolidationT:Inthisperiod,wemainlyfocusonthepastparticipleusedasadverbialsandattributes.Afterclass,wouldyoupleasewriteapassagecontainingpastparticiplesandpresentparticiples,whichshowsthatyouhaveknownhowtousepastparticiplesproperly?Besidesthat,youwillalsohavetofinishtheexercisesonPages
36、57and58topractiseusingthepastparticiple.TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboardUnit3LifeinthefuturePeriod5GrammarPastparticiplesusedasadverbialsPastparticiplesusedasattributes.1.Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.2.Givenmoretime,theslowlearnerswouldhavedonebetter.3.Exhausted,Islidin
37、tobedandfellfastasleep.4.Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparentscompanynamed“FutureTourstransportedmesafelyintothefutureinatimecapsule.1.Myfirstvisitwastoaspacestationconsideredthemostmoderninthispartofspace.2.Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparentscompanynamed“FutureTourstransportedmesafelyintothefut
38、ureinatomecapsule.3.SoonIwasbackonmyfeetagainandfollowedhimtocollectahoveringcarriagedrivenbycomputer.ResearchandActivitiesSupposeyouareSherlockHolmes,thegreatdetective.Youaretellingusthestorylikethis:OnedayIwassittingatmydesk,absorbedbywhatIwasreadingwhenthedoorbellrang.Ayoungladycamein,frighteneda
39、ndpuzzled,whichcouldbereadinhereyes.IaskedherwhatIcoulddoforher.ThenshebegantotellmeanaliencreaturecalledFuture,.Pleasecontinuethestorywithyourimagination.Becauseitisfictional,whateveryoumakeupispossible.Youhadbettermakeyourdescriptionsoundreasonableandattractiveonconditionthattherearesomesentencesw
40、ithpastparticiplesusedasadverbialsandattributes.ReferenceforTeachingGrammar如今分词跟过去分词的用法如今分词跟过去分词要紧差异在于:如今分词表示“主动跟进展,过去分词表示“主动跟完成(不迭物动词的过去分词不表示主动,只表示完成)。分词能够有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语,能够表示时刻、条件、缘故、结果、让步、伴随等。分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语不合。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。比如:Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Usingwhatyo
41、uknowofwordstemsandwordformations,youcanmakeaguessatthemeaningofanewword.Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.Accompaniedbyhisfriend,hewenttotherailwaystation.Givenbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.Helookedtiredanddepressed,visiblydisturbedbythenewsofhismothersillness.分词在句子中作状语
42、,应用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用如今分词,动宾或主动关系用过去分词。比如:1._theearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedge.(CET-41996,6)A.HavingbelievedB.BelievingC.BelievedD.Beingbelieved本句意思为:相信地球是平的,非常多人担忧哥伦布会从边上丢掉下去。非常多人与相信之间是主谓关系,及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此,应用如今分词,答案为B。2.Nomatterhowfrequently_,theworksofBeethovenalwa
43、ysattractlargeaudiences.(CET-41995,6)A.performingB.performedC.tobeperformedD.beingperformed本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演,可见分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,该当用过去分词,故答案为B。3._asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.(CET-41996,1)A.BeingpublishedB.PublishedC.PublishingD.Tobepublished本句中as指导的是让步状语从句,意思为:他的作品尽管在被如此的时候出版,依然引起了关注
44、,可见分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,该当用过去分词,故答案为B。2)“while(when,once,until,if,though等连词)分词构造如今分词或过去分词作状语时,偶尔能够在分词前加while,when,once,although,until,if等连词。比如:Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.Whilewaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithmysisteraboutherwork.Oncerecovered,hethrewhimselfintohisworkandmadeeverye
45、fforttodoitwell.Althoughworkingveryhard,hefailedtopassthefinalexam.3)分词作定语分词作定语时,单个的分词素日放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。如今分词修饰的是发出该举动的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该举动的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。比如:1.Wewillgoonwithourexperimentassoonaswegettheaddedfund.2.Thisisreallyanexhaustingdaytoallofus!3.Wecanseethepartofthemoonlighte
46、dbysunlight.4.Afteranightspentinexcitementandsleeplessness,Iforcedmyselftotakealongwalkalongthebeachthenextday.5.Moreandmoredevelopingcountriesestablishedstrategicpartnershipwithdevelopedcountries.6.TheyoungsittingbetweenmysisterandmybrotherismycousinJack.7.Asearlyas1649Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax
47、-supportedschoolsmustbeestablishedineverytown_50householdsormore.(CET-41998,1)A.havingB.tohaveC.tohavehadD.havinghad后面由分词作定语,同时town本身有50或以上人家,故town与分词间为主谓关系,该当用如今分词,答案为A。4)分词作宾语补足语如今分词在see,watch,hear,observe,notice,feel,find,glimpse,glance等感官动词跟lookat,listento等短语动词以及have,keep,get,catch,leave,set,start,send等使役动词后面与名词或代词形成复合宾语,作宾语补语的因素。比如:Onthetopofthehill,wecouldseesmokerisingfromthechimneysinthevillage.Thelittleboysatbesidetherailwaylineandwatchedthetrainsroaringby.Wesh