初中定语从句综合讲解与训练.doc

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1、 初中定语从句综合讲解与训练 【考点扫描】 中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面： 1定语从句的功用和结构 2关系代词和关系副词的功用 3各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。 【名师精讲】 一. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如： This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. Do you kno

2、w everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. 二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。 1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如： I d

3、ont like people who talk much but do little. The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： Whats the name of the young

4、man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4. 作状语 Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. This is the house where I was born. 三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如： The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing th

5、e black jacket is very clever. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如： Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？ Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如： The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

6、A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： Il

7、l never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 四. 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 wh

8、om 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如： That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题： 1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况： (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only,

9、no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret. (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year. (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如： He talked about the people and the things he

10、remembered. 2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况： (1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如： The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词 关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 【中考范例】 1. (2004年哈尔滨中考试题) -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A.

11、which B. whose C. where D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。 2. (2004年常州市中考试题) The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。 3. (2004年扬州市中考试题) -Where is t

12、he scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。 4. (2004年益阳市中考试题) I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词

13、的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。 【满分演练】 一. 单项填空 1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigner _ vi

14、sited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom 4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which 6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A

15、. that B. which C. why D. when 7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why 8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 10. Mr. White, _ car

16、 had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which 11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where 12. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where 13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zh

17、ou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where 14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where 15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when 二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 1. The boy is my young

18、er brother. He was here a minute ago. 2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college. 3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there. 4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her. 5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other d

19、ay. 6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us. 7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week. 9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science. 10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor. 三. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1. The hou

20、se _ we live in is very big. 2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday. 4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer. 5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited. 6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten

21、 him. 7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class. 8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children. 9. Is this the place _ your father once lived? 10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League. 【练习答案】 一. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B 二. 1.The

22、 boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother. 2. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor. 3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square. 4. The woman whom you were talking about is here now. 5. This is the hall where we listened to the repo

23、rt the other day. 6. The car which just passed us was going 90 miles an hour. 7. The man who waved us was my uncle. 8. I enjoyed reading the book you gave me last week. 9. The subject I prefer is science. 10.The man I spoke to is a professor. 三. 1.that/ which 2.who/ that 3.that/ which 4.who/ that 5.

24、that 6.that 7.which 8.which/ that 9.where 10.when 用适当的关系词填空： (n,zN,F t= vvlQ; 1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house. Uye CTz 2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week. WYfSg 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there. G&XNKd2r 4. I will ne

25、ver forget the days _I spent with your family. #i G(?Fr| 5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together. P QRd 6. This is the school _I used to study. XHMbd2E 7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week? rMiT e8? 8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibitio

26、n? kxUzYmsM 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake? 6%gpbZ 10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake? p8&U;f 11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers. 5x(pQev 12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China. fQOJX. 13. There was a time _there were slaves

27、 in the USA. E2TR 14. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake. cpY;?+#1 15. It was in the street _I met John yesterday. OQ. m g+T 16. It was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. tl-i!Duu 17. The moment _I saw you, I recognized(认出)you. Q- 6yah_ 18. T

28、his is the very novel about_weve talked so much. JJ Ikl9 19. This is the way_he did it. E(? N 20. Who is the student _was late for school today? #)Ue 21. Who _knows him wants to make friends with him? 3lEwsTC 22. What else was there in my brother_you didnt like? ?Gqx ;gW 23. He lives in the room_win

29、dow faces to the south. %e;th 24. He lives in the room, the window_faces to the south. p+tdiuxN 25. This is Mr. John for_son I brought a book yesterday. QFqbaI 26. This is Mr. John for_I bought a book yesterday. 77yi4n2q 27. This is the hour_the place is always full of women and children. MZ9Vai4m 2

30、8. And there is one point _Id like your advice. &-Q4gKDHd 29. Winter is the time of year_the days are short and nights are long. G9muMk1 30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend. |WJ|Xl 5R3# U .A KEYS: %F5_)6T 3s%PD: 1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5.

31、that JfR2W D 6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where tK;$lkHMr font=arial11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that %$+Zre+ 16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that )Jf-51NV 21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose kTJRDZ3,= 26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where/font g+G )R9