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1、The accomplished exploration The discovery of new continentThe exploration of the North Pole and the South PoleThe exploration of the Moon The discovery of new continent Christopher Columbus(c.1451 20 May 1506)was an Italian navigator,colonizer,and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean le
2、d to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere.With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola,all funded by Isabella I of Castile,he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshado
3、wed general European colonization of the New World.Columbus voyages across the Atlantic Ocean began a European effort at exploration and colonization of the on his first voyage of 1492,he did not actually reach the mainland until his third voyage in 1498.Likewise,he was not the earliest European exp
4、lorer to reach the Americas,as there are accounts of European transatlantic contact prior to 1492.Nevertheless,Columbuss voyage came at a critical time of growing national imperialism and economic competition between developing nation states seeking wealth from the establishment of trade routes and
5、colonies.Therefore,the period before 1492 is known as Pre-Columbian.The exploration of the North Pole and the South PoleIn 1990,the 8 circumpolar nations established the International Arctic Science Committee,1996 and the establishment of the Intergovernmental Arctic Council,almost all the northern
6、hemisphere countries have carried out the Arctic Research activities.China joined the organization in 1996,became the sixteenth member country.In 1999 July,Chinese first Arctic scientific expedition route East China Sea,the Yellow Sea,Japan,sea of Okhotsk Sea,the Bering Sea,Chukchi Sea,the Bering Se
7、a,Arctic sea ice area,Canada Basin and multiyear sea ice area were integrated ocean survey and comprehensive study of ice.The expedition to establish a joint ice station in the vicinity of 75 degrees north latitude,the comprehensive observation for up to 7 days of sea-Ice-gas-biological.Antarctic co
8、ntinent except Antarctica is outside the surrounding islands of land,is the worlds latest discovery of the continent,alone at the southernmost tip of the Earth.Antarctica more than 95 percent of the area of high thickness of the ice and snow coverage,known as the white continent,said.6 in the world
9、in the mainland,the mainland Antarctica than Australia,ranked No.5.In November 20,1984,China sent 591 members of the Antarctic expedition,by the XiangYangHong 10 ship first went to the Antarctic station and investigation.In 1985 February China Great Wall Railway Station in the Antarctic Fildes Penin
10、sula of King George Island,south of Great Wall Railway Station.November 20,1988-April 10,1989,China Antarctic expedition established the Chinese Antarctic ZhongShan Railway Station in the Antarctic continent Larsemann Hills,In January 27,2009,China built victory in the Antarctic dome A construction
11、of the Kunlun station,The exploration of the MoonIn the 1600s,the famous Italian scientist Galileo was the first person to look at the Moon through a telescope.He saw dark spots that he thought were oceans.He called them maria,the Latin word for“seas.”Galileo thought the light areas were large landm
12、asses called continents.Today,we know a lot more about the Moon.We know that nothing lives on the Moon,and there are no oceans.The maria are dry,flat plains covered with rocks.The Moon is the only place in space that human beings have visited.The first astronauts landed on the Moon in 1969.They trav
13、eled in a United States spacecraft named Apollo 11.The astronauts set up experiments on the Moon and brought some moon rocks back to Earth.Later,five more Apollo missions explored different parts of the Moon.The astronauts on these missions brought back more rocks and soil.Scientists learned many th
14、ings about the Moon from the Apollo space missions.They also learned from other spacecraft that orbited(went around)the Moon.Some of these spacecraft sent robot landers down to the surface of the Moon.The dry,gray Moon might seem like a boring place now.But you should have seen it several billion ye
15、ars ago.Many times over the past two or three billion years,chunks of rock and ice have come whizzing toward the Moon.The space rocks and ice are asteroids and comets.They slam into the Moons surface.The biggest ones came just after Earth and the other planets were formed.When they hit the Moon,thes
16、e large objects threw up tons of rock and dust.There are billions of big and small pits on the Moon made by the space rocks.These pits are called craters.No one knows for sure how the Moon was formed.By testing moon rocks,scientists have learned that the Moon is about 4.6 billion years old.This is t
17、he same age as the solar system.Scientists think that at that time something as big as a planet crashed into Earth.The collision blasted huge pieces of Earth into space.Some of the pieces came together to make the Moon.Scientists continue to study moon rocks for clues.There is still much to learn ab
18、out the Moon.The unsolved mysteryThe mystery of the PyramidsThe mystery of the Bermuda Triangle The mystery of AlienThe mystery of the PyramidsEgyptian pyramids(Pyramids)founded in 4500,is the ancient Egyptian pharaoh(the king)and Queen s tomb.The tomb is cone-shaped building builds with the giant s
19、tone,because of the shape of Chinese characters “gold”word,it is translated as “Pyramid”.Egypt has been found in large and small Pyramid 110,mostly built in the ancient dynasty of Egypt.The riddle of the Egyptian pyramids is in the human history the biggest mystery.Its magic is far more than the hum
20、an imagination.In Egypt a total of about 110 the size of Pyramid,three of Pyramids most famous is the Giza highlands(The Great Pyramid,Pyramid of Khafre,Pyramid of Menkare),of which the Pyramid of Khufu(Chi Apps)is the largest Pyramid in egypt.The Pyramid covers an area of 13.1 acres,nearly 2600000
21、pieces of stone from at least 2.5 tons of building,a total weight of about 6250000 tons.Who is built on such a grand project,has been the public opinions are divergent.So far,there are four main explanations:guess a:crystalline million slaves earned guess two:concrete results forecasted three:lost c
22、ivilization heritage to guess four:extraterrestrial civilization.The mystery of the Bermuda Triangle The Bermuda Triangle(English:Bermuda Triangle,also known as the devils triangle or killed the hell,sometimes referred to as the Bermuda delta;but the region is not the Delta,and different origin),is
23、located in the North Atlantic in the Sargasso Sea,is formed by the British Bermuda,the Puerto Rican and the United States of America the tip of Florida,Delta area sea,allegedly paranormal events occur frequently and in violation of the laws of physics,an area of about 3900000 square kilometers(15000
24、00 square miles).All kinds of strange events since twentieth Century,the most puzzling about to occur in a series of aircraft and ships the Bermuda Triangle disappearances.The Bermuda Triangle,north of Bermuda,West to the United States in Florida,Miami,a triangular area south of Puerto Rico.From the
25、 beginning of 1945,hundreds of planes and ships have disappeared mysteriously in here.Now,the Bermuda Triangle has become the various mysterious,inexplicable disappearance of the pronoun.The mystery of Maya civilizationUFO called the UFO,UFO(also known as unidentified flying object,referred to as UF
26、O)is unknown,unknown,unknown,unknown nature of space structure,but floating,flying objects.Some people believe that it is from other planetary spacecraft,some people think that UFO is a natural phenomenon.Began the nineteen forties,the United States of America above that the flying saucers,then know
27、n as the flying saucer,which is interested in the contemporary of UFOs beginning,then people focus on the world s UFO report,but has not yet found evidence of its authenticity.Many UFO photos by experts as a fraud,some are regarded as ball lightning,but there was always some according to the existin
28、g scientific knowledge cannot explain.pan v.摇摄 flicker v.闪烁 extinguish 使破灭,使消逝 plummet v.垂直下落 intimidate v.恐吓 eclipse v.被遮挡 stern adj.严厉的 pulverise v.把弄碎 fluke n.侥幸 blizzard n.暴风雪 plaintive adj.哀痛的，可怜的 expedition n.考察 mechanic n.技工crevasse n.破口，崩裂处 meteorological adj.气象的drastically adv.彻底地 astrophysics n.天体物理学 detect v.发觉，发觉ozone v.臭氧 confine v.限制