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1、大学英语新编第一册大学英语新编第一册B2U6B2U6Useful information Food is a basic necessity,so every culture has important norms（规范）（规范）and customs related to it.The forms of dining vary in cultures.Some use formal meals as a way of meeting,socializing,while others treat meals as a form of recreation or entertaining.Bec
2、ause of the fast pace of modern life,eating away from home in resaurant,taverns(小酒馆小酒馆)or hotels has long been an option of people.As eating habits have changed,table manners tend to decline,though proper etiquette is still needed on formal occasions.OthersEgg,bean curd,crab（蟹）（蟹）,cake,cookie,biscui
3、t,cracker(薄脆饼干）薄脆饼干）,nut,shrimp（虾）（虾）,fish,lobster（龙虾）（龙虾）clam（蚌（蚌,蛤蜊）蛤蜊）prawn(对虾)DrinkTea,coffee,Coke,rum(朗姆酒朗姆酒),Pepsi,wine,Seven-up,Sprite,beer,whiskey,bandy,milk,juice,soda water,lemonade,mineral water,pure waterYoghurt(酸乳酸乳)sour milkIn-Class Reading Food and CultureIndia 1.Cow help plow the fie
4、ld.2.Cow manure can be used as fertilizer.3.Manure can be made into cooking fire.cowThe United Statesdog 1.Dog serve as companions for people.2.Dogs serve as protection against thieves.AncientEgypt&Israelpork 1.Pork cooked insufficiently may spread disease.2.People didnt want to stay in one Place to
5、 raise pigs.Key Language PointsSome people in Africa think African termites Some people in Africa think African termites makemake a delicious meal a delicious meal.(L8)The word make means be good enough to be or become,or have the qualities that are necessary for a particular job,use or purpose(宜用作，
6、具有宜用作，具有 的素质，品质的素质，品质)Become/be/feel Sick(恶心)(L9),vomit/throw up(呕吐),nauseate(恶心恶心)E.g.She felt sick after eating too much chocolate.He is nauseated by the smell of meat cooking.*Be sick/tired of=be fed up withAfford(L L35)35)（usu.With can,could,be able to）having enough time,space,money,etc.for a sp
7、ecific purposeE.g.They walked because thay couldnt They walked because thay couldnt afford afford(to take)a taxi.(to take)a taxi.We could afford more examples if we could We could afford more examples if we could afford the space.afford the space.假如我们能匀出篇幅来，就可以多举些例子。假如我们能匀出篇幅来，就可以多举些例子。against(L42,4
8、7)(1)in opposition toin opposition toe.g.Most people are against the proposal.We were rowing against the current.(逆水划船)She was married against her will.（有违本意）(2)in preparation for,in anticipation ofin preparation for,in anticipation ofE.g.an injection against rabies （狂犬病预防针）（狂犬病预防针）Protect trees aga
9、inst frost （以防霜冻）（以防霜冻）Insurance against theft/fire (盗窃险，火险盗窃险，火险)(3)In contact withIn contact withE.g.He was leaning against the tree.Translation1.We regard him as one of the best players in the game.2.The scientist picked up those little pieces of rock and carefully put them into a box.3.The popul
10、ation of China is almost five times as large as that of the United States.4.The reason why the grass is green was once a mystery to the little boy.5.She was standing by the window,apparently quite calm and relaxed.6.Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales.7.She put on dark glas
11、ses as a protection against the strong light.8.He could no longer be trusted after that accident.After-Class Reading Passage 1 The Menu Development of the MenuRecitation of dishesWritten menuHand written on a chalkboardListed on a board easily seenPrinted menuSimple(in)design(1830s)Highly decorated(
12、late19th century)New menu graphics(the 20th century)The highly decorated late 19The highly decorated late 19th th century munus,century munus,gave way togave way to modern art in the 20 modern art in the 20th th century.century.(L14)Give way to sth.=be replaced by（被替代）“19世纪后期的菜单 到20世纪被现代艺术所取代.”Give
13、way to sb./sth.=make concessions to(让步妥协)e.g.We shouldnt give way to their demands.=let oneself be overcome(by sth.)（被制服）e.g.give way to despair(陷于绝望)Distinctive(L16),distinct Distinctive(of sth.)that distinguishes sth.by making it different from others (特别的，有特色的)E.g.Long complex sentences are disti
14、nctive of his writing style.他作品的风格特色是擅长写长的复合句。Distincteasily heard,seen,felt or understand;definite(清楚，明确的清楚，明确的)E.g.There was a distinct sense of embarrassment in the air.周围的气氛中有一种明显的局促不安周围的气氛中有一种明显的局促不安的感觉。的感觉。(from sth.)different kind,separate(种类不同的，分开的种类不同的，分开的)E.g.Astronomy,as distinct from ast
15、rology,is an exact science.天文学是一门严谨的学科，与占星述完全天文学是一门严谨的学科，与占星述完全不同不同。Preserve(L59)Preserve 保护维护 维持，保留 保存食物 preservative 防腐剂conserve 保护 保留 保藏 conservative 保守的Reserve /保留,储备 预订订购 reserved 矜持的，内向的1.We should _ wild animals in that area.2.Salt and spices can help to _meat.3.Efforts to _the peace have fai
16、led.4.God _ us!5._your strength for climbing.6.Please _ a table for two in the name of Mariah.Conserve/preservepreservepreservepreserveConserve/PreservereservePassage 2 Cooking and CuisinesQuestions:1.What are the three acknowledged great national cuisines?2.What are the characteristics of each of t
17、hem?3.3.What are the threats to keeping national cuisines?Appeal(L4)有吸引力有吸引力 恳求，呼吁恳求，呼吁 上诉上诉1.The police _the crowd not to panic.2.She _ the high court against the sentence.3.His sense of humor _her enormously.4.The idea of camping has never _ me.Appealed forAppealed toAppealed toAppealed toBe typic
18、al of(lineline 1313)特有的，独特的特有的，独特的E.g.it was typical of her to forget.Be characteristic of 构成人或事物特构成人或事物特征之一部分的，典型性的征之一部分的，典型性的E.g.Such bluntness is characteritic of him.他就是这么迟钝。他就是这么迟钝。Be distinctive of特别的，有特色的特别的，有特色的if omitted连词+分词结构作状语，分词与主语有逻辑上的动宾关系Conjunctions with such usage are:When,while,on
19、ce,until,If,unless,Though,although,as,As if,as thoughE.g.He went on talking,though continually interrupted.But the separation into three major cuisines does mark some kind of distinctive characteristic and three major cuisines,(each based on a different major characterist,)have persisted for a long
20、time through human history.（L31）它们确实是因为各有其显著特点而分成它们确实是因为各有其显著特点而分成三大类的，这三种特色各异的菜系，三大类的，这三种特色各异的菜系，在人类历史上长期发展，持续至今在人类历史上长期发展，持续至今。Take up(L42)-fill or occupy(space or time)填满，占据填满，占据 take sth.up lift up,raise 拿起，举起拿起，举起-adopt sth.as a hobby or pastime 以某事作为消遣爱好以某事作为消遣爱好-start or begin sth.as a job 开始
21、从事开始从事1.She has taken up yoga recently.2.Move the table to the corner.It takes up too much space.3.He will take up his duties/responsibilities next week.爱好，作为消遣爱好，作为消遣占据空间占据空间他下周开始他下周开始履行职责履行职责。What unites all great national cuisines,(besides regional variety,ingenious use of available resources and
22、 an influence international eating habits),is the attitude toward food.(line 69)所有著名的国菜，除了地方菜的种类繁所有著名的国菜，除了地方菜的种类繁多、可用资源的巧妙利用和对世界饮食多、可用资源的巧妙利用和对世界饮食习惯的影响这几方面外，它们共同具有习惯的影响这几方面外，它们共同具有的是对食物的态度。的是对食物的态度。Most of the preparation time is taken up by the cutting of vegetables and the chopping of meat,not b
23、y the actual cooking process.绝大部分的准备时间是用来切菜和剁肉,而不是用在真正的烧菜过程中.Translation Practice(P222)1.What is unusual is the fact that many.What is unusual is the fact that many students dont eat vegetables.students dont eat vegetables.2.Students from the North like pasta,for 2.Students from the North like pasta
24、,for example,noodles and dumplings.example,noodles and dumplings.3.Students brought up near the sea eat sea 3.Students brought up near the sea eat sea food,while those from West China enjoy food,while those from West China enjoy beef and lamb.beef and lamb.4.What is worth mentioning is some girls 4.
25、What is worth mentioning is some girls are on diet to keep a lim figure.are on diet to keep a lim figure.5.Food likes and dislikes vary from one student to 5.Food likes and dislikes vary from one student to another.another.6.Some students are keen on meat of all 6.Some students are keen on meat of a
26、ll kinds,while others prefer fruits and nuts.kinds,while others prefer fruits and nuts.7.In some families,parents do most of the 7.In some families,parents do most of the cooking,cooking,while in others,grandparents will take on while in others,grandparents will take on the responsibility.the respon
27、sibility.8.Generally speaking,most of the students eat at 8.Generally speaking,most of the students eat at the school cafeteria,but some students from the school cafeteria,but some students from wealthy families havre meals in restaurants.wealthy families havre meals in restaurants.9.It is very surprising that some students often eat at restaurants because students dont usually earn money.10.Cooking,trditionally undertaken by mothers,has beeb often taken over by fathers nowadays.