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1、专四之虚拟语气专四之虚拟语气TEM 4 系列辅导九大常考语法点：九大常考语法点：1.虚拟语气2.非谓语动词3.定语从句4.状语从句5.名词性从句（定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）6.情态动词7.反义疑问句8.时态9.一些特定功能词汇的用法（much,more,such,anything but,enough等）虚拟语气概要：虚拟语气概要：现代英语中有三种语气：现代英语中有三种语气：1.陈述语气（indicative mood）2.祈使语气（imperative mood）3.虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）TEM 4 系列辅导A.虚拟语气概要：虚拟语气概要：专业四级考试语法与词汇部
2、分（除2001年外）每年至少有一道相关试题涉及虚拟语气，平均下来达到每年2题，总计有30题。年年92939495969798990001020304050607合计合计题数题数322112121/2133423010/30/20224 虚拟条件句结构表虚拟条件句结构表If If 从句从句主句主句与现在事实相与现在事实相反反动词的过去式动词的过去式(be(be 为为were)were)Would(should)Would(should)+动词原形动词原形与过去事实相与过去事实相反反动词的过去完成动词的过去完成式式(had+(had+动词的动词的过去分词过去分词)Would(should,Woul
3、d(should,could,might)+could,might)+have+have+动词的过动词的过去分词去分词与将来事实相与将来事实相反反1.1.动词的过去式动词的过去式（be be 为为werewere）2.Were+2.Were+不定式不定式3.Should+3.Should+动词动词原形原形 Would(should,Would(should,could,might)+could,might)+动词原形动词原形1.IF 虚拟句虚拟句在叙述与将来事实相反的情况时，需要使用虚拟语气。条件状语从句谓语动词一般结构为：一般过去式，werewas十不定式，或should动词原形。主句的谓语
4、动词一般用wouldshould十动词原形。10/30/20227If she were to marry Jack,she would be happyIf it should rain again,what else could I do？If it snowed tomorrow,I shouldwould stay at home.10/30/202281.1 在表示纯然假设的情况或是发生的可能性不大的情况的虚拟条件句中：表示现在及将来情况的虚拟条件句：If you explained the situation to your solicitor,he able to advise
5、you much better than I can.(2005.51)A.would be B.will have beenC.was D.were答案：A。本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时explained，说明其内容与现在或将来的情况相反，因此主句谓语动词应由“would+动词原形”构成。译文：如果你把情况说给你的律师，他的建议会比我的建议更好。例2：If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer.（199843）A.shall need B.should
6、needC.would needD.will need真题举例及分析真题举例及分析10/30/202211例2：I _ writing the paper as scheduled,but my mothers illness interfered.I hope you will excuse me。（199354）A.am to have finished B.was to have finishedC.was to finish D.ought to finish真题举例及分析真题举例及分析10/30/202212师大商学院外国语学院1.2与过去事实相反的虚拟语气与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结
7、构：结构：在描述与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，需要使用虚拟语气。条件从句的谓语动词通常用had过去分词，结果主句的谓语动词用should（第一人称）或would（第二、三人称）have过去分词;10/30/2022131.2 表示过去情况的虚拟条件句中：All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there quite such a crowd of people there.(2000.49)A.werent B.hasnt beenC.hadnt been D.wouldnt be 答案：C。根据此句的主句，可以判断出是对过去情
8、况的虚拟，其从句应该使用had done结构。译文：如果没有那么多人的话，晚会上我们就会玩得愉快得多。什么时候可以省略If？如果条件从句中包含有were,had,should 或 could,有时可以把if 省略掉，但这时要把were,had,should 或 could放在主语前面，如：Had we made(=If we had made)adequate preparations,we might have succeeded.Should there be(=If there should be)a flood,what should we do?省略连词省略连词if的虚拟语气的虚拟语
9、气1.be动词动词were提到从句主语的前面。提到从句主语的前面。Were I you,I would take an umbrella with me.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened，should there be a sudden loud noise.10/30/2022172动词动词should/had提到从句主语的前面。提到从句主语的前面。Should I have time,I would call her。Had I known it,I have told youHad the
10、 damage been worse，the insurance company would have paid more。10/30/202218真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例1:_ you were busy,I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.（1994-62）A.if I realizedB.Had I realizedC.I realized that D.As I realized10/30/202219 _for the fact that she broke her leg,she might have passed th
11、e exam.(2002.50)A.Had it not been B.Hadnt it beenC.Was it not D.Were it not答案：A。由于主句中使用了might have done结构，说明此句表示的内容是对过去事实的虚拟，所以从句中一般使用had done结构。Had 提前，但not不应提前。译文：要不是摔断腿，她也许已经通过了考试。_you further problems with your printer,contact your dealer for advice.(2005.63)A.If,had B.Have,hadC.Should,have D.In
12、case,had答案：C。本句很显然是对现在和将来情况的虚拟。条件句其实是：If you should have further problems,现将should提前，成为Should you have further problems.通常这类从句后面，主句可以用祈使语气或陈述语气，如：Should you require anything,just give me a ring.译文：要是你的打印机还有其他问题，请和经销商联系以获得帮助。真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例5:_ you _ further problems with your printer,contact your dea
13、ler for advice.（200563）A.If,had B.Have,hadC.Should,have D.in case,had10/30/202224练习练习1:_ right now,she would get there on Sunday A.Would she leaveB.If she leavesC.Were she to leaveD.If she had left?10/30/2022252:_ before we depart the day after tomorrow,we should have a wonderful dinner party A.Had
14、they arrivedB.Would they arriveC.Were they arrivingD.Were they to arrive10/30/202226【补充】混合虚拟式，或交错虚拟式：有时，从句的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作不一致，这时就要使用混合虚拟式。*If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning,I would not be wet now.*If I were you,I wouldnt have missed the film last night.10/30/202227师大商学院外国语
15、学院1.3 错综时间条件句_ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?(2004.44)A.Would you be surprisedB.Were you surprisedC.Had you been surprisedD.Would you have been surprised 答案：答案：A A。通常情况下，虚拟条件从句如果使用的。通常情况下，虚拟条件从句如果使用的是过去完成时，主句则使用是过去完成时，主句则使用“would+have donewould+have done”形式，表示对过去情况的假
16、设。但当条件从句表示形式，表示对过去情况的假设。但当条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间不一致时，的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间不一致时，比如这句话，条件从句是对过去情况的假设，而主比如这句话，条件从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句却是对被提问者现场当时感受的假设，主句动词句却是对被提问者现场当时感受的假设，主句动词的形式就要根据表示的时间调整，采用的形式就要根据表示的时间调整，采用“would+would+动词原形动词原形”的形式。这种句子可以成为的形式。这种句子可以成为“错综时间错综时间条件句条件句”。有时情况跟此句正好相反，如：。有时情况跟此句正好相反，如：If you If
17、you were in better health,we would have allowed you were in better health,we would have allowed you to join them in the work.to join them in the work.译文：如果昨天没有提前告诉你，我就来了，你译文：如果昨天没有提前告诉你，我就来了，你会觉得奇怪吗？会觉得奇怪吗？If only the patient a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics,he might still be a
18、live now.(2007.54)A.had received B.ReceivedC.should receive D.were receiving 答案：A。这里的从句和主句在时态上为错综关系，从句部分表示的是对过去发生的事情的虚拟，谓语动词用“had done”，主句则是与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词用“might+动词原形”。译文：如果那个病人没有使用抗生素而是其他疗法，他现在可能还活着呢！2.虚拟语气在其他从句中虚拟语气在其他从句中2.1在表示愿望、建议、命令等主观意向的主语从句中以下真题都属于虚拟语气在表示主观意向或祈使语气的主语从句中的应用，that从句使用“(should)+
19、动词原形”的形式。这种虚拟结构常见有：it is desired,it is suggested,it is requested,it was ordered,it was proposed,it is necessary(important,essential,imperative,advisable,desirable,preferable,better,best,proper,vital,crucial,etc.),it has been decided。It is imperative that students their term papers on time.(2004.46)A
20、.hand in B.would hand inC.have to hand in D.handed in答案：A。译文：学生们必须按时上交学期论文。It is imperative that the government more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(2006.59)A.attracts B.shall attractC.attract D.has to答案：C。译文：政府应该在船坞制造业吸引更多的投资。It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite o
21、f some learning difficulties.(2007.65)A.will continue B.ContinuedC.continue D.continues 答案：C。译文：尽管学习上有一定的困难，威廉姆有必要继续他的学业。2.2在表示惊奇、惶惑、怀疑、不满等情绪的主句之后的从句中：I am surprised this city is a dull place to live in.(2006.57)A.that you should thinkB.by what you are thinkingC.that you would thinkD.with what you w
22、ere thinking答案：答案：A A。此处的。此处的“(should)+(should)+动词原形动词原形”表示一种表示一种惊讶的语气。在下面这些从句中常用到这种形式的惊讶的语气。在下面这些从句中常用到这种形式的虚拟语气：虚拟语气：expect,believe,think,suspectexpect,believe,think,suspect等动词的等动词的否定或译文形式后的宾语从句；否定或译文形式后的宾语从句；it is a pity(a it is a pity(a shame,incredible,strange,no wonder)shame,incredible,strange
23、,no wonder)等结构后的等结构后的主语从句；主语从句；I am sorry,we were surprised,they I am sorry,we were surprised,they were disappointedwere disappointed等结构后的状语从句。等结构后的状语从句。译文：你竟然认为住在这个城市里没什么意思，我译文：你竟然认为住在这个城市里没什么意思，我很吃惊。很吃惊。以lest,in case,for fear that（以免）引导的目的状语从句。如：*You should exercise vigilance lest you should be ki
24、lled.*Take your coat in case it（should）rain用用“（should）+动词原形动词原形”表示虚拟语气表示虚拟语气的结构的结构2.3-“It is(high,about,the)time.”在句型“It is(high,about,the)time”虚拟语气中的谓语动词通常用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该做某事而已经有些晚了”。10/30/202244师大商学院外国语学院“It is(high,about,the)time.”中的虚拟中的虚拟语气语气Its the time the children learned how to behave pr
25、operly.Its about time people took notice of what women did during the war.10/30/202245真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例1：-“What courses are you going to do next semester?”-“I dont know.But its about time _ on something.”（200251）A.Id decide B.I decidedC.I decide D.Im deciding10/30/202246真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例2：If you have re
26、ally been studying English for so long,its about time you _ able to write letters in English.（199949）A.could be B.wereC.must be D.are10/30/202247例3：That was not the first time he _ us.I think its high time we _ strong actions against him.(200560)A.betrayedtake B.had betrayedtookC.has betrayedtookD.h
27、as betrayedtake10/30/202248例4：Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.（2006.54）A.stopped B.had to stopC.shall stopD.stop10/30/202249 If you have really been studying English for so long,its about time you able to write letters in English.(1999.49)A.can be B.WereC.must be D.are答案：B。译文：如果你真的已经
28、学了这么久的英语，那么你现在应该能用英语写信了。“What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I dont know.But its about time on something.”(2002.51)A.Id decide B.I decidedC.I decide D.Im deciding 答案：B。译文：“下学期你准备学些什么课程？”“我不知道，但我该做出决定了。”Its high time we cutting down the rainforests.(2006.54)A.stopped B.had to stopC.shall
29、 stop D.stop答案：A。译文：该市停止砍伐雨林的时候了。以上真题考查的是虚拟语气固定句型之一，It is high(about)time的用法。此句型后面的从句谓语动词用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”，且should不可省略，表示应该着手做的事情。2.4在某些表示祝愿、感叹等的句子中 If only I play the guitar as well as you!(2006.52)A.would B.couldC.should D.might答案：B。译文：我弹吉它要是能像你弹得那么好就好了！If only the patient a different treatment
30、 instead of using the antibiotics,he might still be alive now.(2007.54)A.had received B.receivedC.should receive D.were receiving 答案：答案：A A。译文：如果那个病人没有使用抗生素而是其他疗译文：如果那个病人没有使用抗生素而是其他疗法，他现在可能还活着呢！法，他现在可能还活着呢！If only If only 常用来表达强烈的愿望或感叹，其语义和常用来表达强烈的愿望或感叹，其语义和用法相当于用法相当于I wishI wish。后面的谓语动词用一般过去时。后面的谓语
31、动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去的愿望，表示目前的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去的愿望，用用would/could do would/could do 表示对将来的期望。其他一些表表示对将来的期望。其他一些表示祝愿等的句子中也常使用虚拟语气，有的用原形示祝愿等的句子中也常使用虚拟语气，有的用原形表示：表示：Long live world peace!Long live world peace!有的用有的用“may+may+动词原动词原形形”构成：构成：May you be happy all your lifeMay you be happy all your life。3
32、.让步状语从句中的虚拟让步状语从句中的虚拟Though,if,even if,even though,whatever,however,granted that 等连接代词或副词引导的让步状语从句中可以使用虚拟语气，但是主句一般用直陈语气。10/30/202261However dangerous it might be,I would have a try.We wont change our plan even if the rumor be true.Though everyone desert you,I will not10/30/202262真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例1：Muc
33、h as _,I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didnt have that much spare cash。（199952）A.I would have liked to B.I would like to haveC.I should have to like D.I should have liked to10/30/202263真题举例及分析真题举例及分析例2：Home is home,_ ever so homely （199252）A.it is B.it wereC.be itD.it be10/30/202264结束结束