《中考英语阅读解题技巧 课件(共33张PPT).pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中考英语阅读解题技巧 课件(共33张PPT).pptx（33页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、中考英语阅读理解中考英语阅读理解解题技巧解题技巧Whats the feeling on their faces?1.Twelve students in a big city sold vegetables at a local market together.Within 12 days,theymade more than 1,500 yuan.(2018.武汉)2.When it comes to shopping for clothes,my mother and I have always disagreed on what fits me well.(2018.荆州)3.When
2、 you fear,you may lose control over your thoughts and actions.(2018.宜昌)4.For several years after I started learning.I wasoften afraid of talking with others in English because I didnt want to make mistakes.(2018 襄阳)读者与作者产生共鸣读者与作者产生共鸣细节理解细节理解推理判断推理判断猜测词义猜测词义主旨大意主旨大意15%10%10%55%阅阅读读理理解解考考点点所所占占比比例例襄阳中
3、考（襄阳中考（3篇）篇）主主 旨旨 大大 意意 型型事事 实实 细细 节节 型型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命题题类类阅读理解命题特点：阅读理解命题特点：推推 理理 判判 断断 型型一一:主旨大意题主旨大意题1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whatsthemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whatdoesthestorytellus?5)Whatsthebesttitleforthispassage?6)Thebesttitleofthestoryshou
4、ldbe_.主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:Main Idea/Best TitleHow to find the main idea of a passageSometimes the first sentence of a passage is the topic sentenceSometimes the last sentence is the topic sentenceSometimes the topic sentence is in the middle of a passageSometimes you have to put several key s
5、entences together to get the main ideaSometimes you cant find the topic sentence in the passage.You have to sum it up yourself.Passage 1Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type
6、 of class.No teaching method can be given to satisfy all students at the same time.（2 2）主题句出现在段尾主题句出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据,层层推层层推理论证理论证,最后自然得出结论最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。它是此段内容的结论。应试技巧应试技巧 如何寻找主题句如何寻找主题句Passage2 People have different tastes in food.Some feel th
7、at they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a ha
8、mburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.（2）主题句在段首）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。Passage3(2018.襄阳）襄阳）PeopleoftenaskmeforsuggestionsabouthowtolearnEnglish.Asforit,everyoneisdifferent.Illsharesomeofmyexperience.IoncetookaschoolyearEnglishcourseinWuhanUniversity,but
9、ImostlylearnedEnglishonmyown.OnethingIcantellyouisthat,onceyouvestartedlearning,youshouldtrytothinkinEnglishasmuchasyoucan.ForseveralyearsafterIstartedlearning.IwasoftenafraidoftalkingwithothersinEnglishbecauseIdidntwanttomakemistakes.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe_ATheimportanceofEnglishB.MyEng
10、lishlearningExperienceCMyUniversityLifeDMyAmericanFriends Passage4(2018.安徽安徽)Wouldyouliketoliveinacitywherebuildingsturnthelightsoffforyou,andself-drivingcarsfindthenearestparkingspacethemselves?Althoughitmightsoundalittlefarfromyou,livingina“smart”citylikethiscouldhappensoonerthanyouthink.Greatchan
11、geshavetakenplaceintownsthatwehavelivedinforcentruies,whilecompletelynewcitiesarebeingbuilt.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.FutureEducationB.SmartCitiesC.GovernmentServicesD.FamousCompanies二：事实细节型二：事实细节型1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthef
12、ollowingisnotmentioned?3.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_.4.Inthepassagethewriterthinksthat_.5.Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/where/why/how.?Skills:1.usescanning(寻读寻读)tofindouttheanswerdirectly2.getridofthewrongones（排除法）（排除法）在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：题常有以下几种命题方式
13、：大体可分为大体可分为直接理解题直接理解题和和语义转换题语义转换题，所提问题一般可所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中在文章中找到答案。找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。等。细细节节型型提问方式灵活多样，涉及文章当中的各提问方式灵活多样，涉及文章当中的各种细节，如时间，地点，原因，方式等。种细节，如时间，地点，原因，方式等。细节理解应注意的问题：细节理解应注意的问题：1）首先要从问题中找出关键词，运用略读）首先要从问题中找出关键词，运用略读的技巧在文中查找这一细节，并仔细阅读，仔的技巧在文中查找这一细节，并仔
14、细阅读，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的区别。细比较所给选项与文中细节的区别。2）此类题更多地倾向于将题目中的信息与原文此类题更多地倾向于将题目中的信息与原文有关细节信息进行语义上的转换，在转换过程有关细节信息进行语义上的转换，在转换过程中，做题时易犯的错误是未注意到转换的准确中，做题时易犯的错误是未注意到转换的准确性，常常将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色性，常常将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变，从而导致错误。彩等改变，从而导致错误。PeopleoftenaskmeforsuggestionsabouthowtolearnEnglish.Asforit,everyoneisdifferen
15、t.Illsharesomeofmyexperience.IoncetookaschoolyearEnglishcourseinWuhanUniversity,butImostlylearnedEnglishonmyown.1.The writer learned English in Wuhan University for about _.A.a week B.a month C.a term D.a year Passage 5 2018.2018.襄阳襄阳 Passage 6 2018 武汉武汉3.Theybargainedwiththesellersto_.A.cutdownthec
16、ostB.sharetheirfeelingC.getbiggervegetablesD.attractmorecustomers They learned to work hard to sell their veggies.Every morning they had to wake up at 3 oclock.Some of them went to the farmers marketto buy vegetable.Some of them went to the local market to take up a temporary stall.To lower the cost
17、,they learned to bargin with the sellers.三：词义猜测型三：词义猜测型 要求正确理解短文中一些关健词、短语或句子的含义。常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。1透彻理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境判断理解，推敲斟酌，最后确定含义。2 要熟悉常见的设问形式：1)The underlined word in the paragraph refers to/means _.2)What does“_”in paragraph stand for/mean?3)“_”could best be
18、 replaced by which of the following?4)The expression/phrase“_”means _.5)The word“_”is closest in meaning to _.词句理解题词句理解题解题方法解题方法1.Unlike his brother,who is truly a handsome man,John is quite homely“homely”means“”.ugly（反义词、同义词）（反义词、同义词）反义词反义词常见信号词：常见信号词：however,but,while,whereas,unlike,otherwise等；等；同
19、义词同义词常见信号词：常见信号词：or,namely,that is,i.e.,that is to say,等。等。2.Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeousIt was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest比赛比赛“gorgeous”means3.Today was a very hectic day for meI woke up late，hurried to the office，worked until four，went to the store，co
20、oked dinner and washed clothesI did so many things that I was certainly very tired“hectic”means“”.beautiful（根据上下文）（根据上下文）（根据常识）（根据常识）busy 生活生活常识常识上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同位同位关系关系同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义定义猜猜How to guess the meaning of words?四：四：推理判断型推理判断型推理判断题推理判断题：中考题目并不多，因为这种题型着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。以原文内容以
21、原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推推理理判判断断型型正确选项一般不是文中的原句正确选项一般不是文中的原句推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：常见的命题方式有：1.The passage implies(暗示暗示)that_.2.We can conclude(得出结论得出结论)from the passage that_.3.Which of the following can be inferred(推论推论)?4.What is the opinion of the author?5.What is th
22、e purpose(目的目的)of this passage?“If I had planted the tree near the road,strangers would have stolen the fruit.If I had planted the tree in one of my fields,my neighbors would have come at night and stolen some of the apples.If I had planted it near my house,my own children would have taken the fruit
23、.”“Yes,”said the friend,“but at least someone could enjoyed the fruit.Now you not only have robbed everyone of the fruit,but also you have destroyed a good apple tree！”2018.黄冈黄冈What does the story tell us?A.should care about others feelings.B.We should learn to share beautiful things.C.The young tre
24、e can provide apples for us when it grows up.D.The young tree can grow up one day.Try to use these skills to finish exercises on Reading Comprehension.Exercise:课标要求：课标要求：阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。工能力。阅读理解能力的重
25、要标志是阅读速度和阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。理解力的正确率。因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。提高命中率。1 1、快速浏览。、快速浏览。2 2、带着问题，找答案。、带着问题，找答案。（找出处、划线）（找出处、划线）3 3、仔细斟酌不确定的答案。、仔细斟酌不确定的答案。4 4、核对。（总体把握）、核对。（总体把握）阅读理解答题阅读理解答题步骤步骤 如何才能巧答阅读理解题呢？可以采取以下如何才能巧答阅读理解题呢？可以采取以下几种应试技巧和解题步骤：几种应试技巧和解题步骤：注意：注意：先看试题先看试题,然后带着问题再看文章然后带着问题再看文章.阅读基本技能阅读基本技能 1 1 略读略读skimming（适用于判断短文（适用于判断短文 主旨大意及中心思想）主旨大意及中心思想）2 2 扫读扫读scanning(适用于细节搜索、适用于细节搜索、捕捉、提取及理解捕捉、提取及理解)3 3 细读细读(carefulreading)（适用于（适用于 推理判断、揣摩、理解作者意图）推理判断、揣摩、理解作者意图）(五个五个W,who,what,when,where,why)