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1、 Unit 1lexf Organization: -PartsParagraphs Main IdeasPart OneParas 1-2Introduction Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part TwoParas 3-11Napoleons military campaign against RussiaPart ThreeParas 12-20Hitlers military campaign against the
2、 Soviet UnionPart FourPara 21ConclusionThe elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.2.SectionsParagraphsMain IdeasSection OneParas 12-13Hitlers blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalins scorched earth policySection TwoParas 14-18the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalin
3、gradSection ThreeParas 19-20the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 3) stroke 5) minus 7) declarations2) at the cost of 4) limp6) regions 8) siege9) raw10) bide his time11) have taken their toll12) in the case of2.1) is faced with2) get bogged down3) is pr
4、essing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3.1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers
5、 strike.3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obsolete.4. 1) Being fac
6、ed with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In man
7、y cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops wi
8、thstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II. More Synonyms in Context1)During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2)Elizabe
9、th made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all mywords.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weat
10、her.- 90 -Appendix IIII. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeksand nobody knew anything about it.3) Its said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work1) Dont sit too close to the fi
11、re to keep warmyou could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.4) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.5) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Structure1.1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice th
12、at can increase the yield by30 percent.2) To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.3) To our disappointment, our womens team lost out to the North Koreans.4) We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christmas.2.1) These
13、birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.2) By 1948, the Peoples Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River.3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the UnitedStates at the age of four. 4)The Col
14、umbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States forabout 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze2.stand in the way4.catching. off his guard6.declaration8.drag on10.bringing.to a halt(A)1. invasion3. Conquest5. launching7. campaign
15、9. reckon with Appendix I- 91 -(B)1. allow2.reckoned3. highly4.forecasts5. rapidly6.instant7. delivery8.advantage9. observing10.Powerful II. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are eq
16、uipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, t
17、he village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs. The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battali
18、on to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great
19、 difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught
20、 off guard, soon surrendered.Part III TextB.-2. d 4. aComprehension Check1. d 3. b- 92 -Appendix ITranslation(#JE Appendix III)Language Practice1. boast2.obstacles3. was concerned4.call .off5. paid off6.was pinned down7. are contesting8.prior to9. holdout10.objective11. responsible for12.in case13.
21、favorable14.due to15. on the eve of16.cancel17. complications18.stiff19. withstand20.absentPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksWriting StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing:It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had nohesitation in ordering th
22、e assault on Normandy.Eisenhowers chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:. He sat there . tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, well, well go.Model PaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people ta
23、lk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of mans success in harnessing new forms of
24、 energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms ofAppendix I- 98 -disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclea
25、r power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.(154 words)Unit 2Text org. Ex. 2 On P
26、381. Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act;2. They can eliminate most of car accidents3. They can alert the police and provide precise location of your car if stolen4. They can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby;5. They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;6. They
27、 can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.Language Sense Enhancement on P 38-391) cure 2) impact 3) orbiting4) warn of 5) location 6) At any given time 7)vibrate 8) detected 9) calculate 10) convertedI. Vocabulary: Ex.1 on P41-421.expansion 2. automated 3. vapor 4. take control of5. ha
28、zards 6. satellite 7.vibrated 8.magnetic 9. bunched 10. in the air 11. got stuck in 12.approximatelyVocabulary: Ex.2 on P421. send out 2. stand up for 3. pass for 4. were closing in on 5. starting up 6. went through 7. fill out8. fall intoVocabulary: Ex.3 on P431) incorporates all the latest safety
29、features.2) two trees ten feet apart.3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) are correlated in all racial groups.Vocabulary: Ex.4 on P431) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised
30、to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word Formation on P45KilogramMedical careMemorandumElectronic mailGymnasiumCommunications satelliteLiberationNews broadcastDoctorSky hijackVeterinarianEuropean dollarPreparatoryBreakfast and lunchAutomobileTelevisio
31、n broadcastinfluenzaOxford and Cambridge-III. Usage on P45-461) swimming pool2 ) drawing board3 ) enriched Middle English4 ) disturbing change5 ) fully developed prototype6 ) Canned foods7 ) working population8 ) puzzling differencesComprehensive Exs.: I. cloze 1. text-related on P461) computerized
32、2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2. theme-related on P471) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manu
33、facturing8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation Ex. 1 on P47-481) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an incr
34、ease in social problems.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal fr
35、om the coach.Translation : Ex. 2 on P48 Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer techn
36、ology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving rad
37、io signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams. UNIT3Language Sense Enhancement on P72 1) checked with 2) interview 3) grill 4) clippings5) be right for 6) follow up 7) indicating8）hand-delivered 9) prepared 10) prospective Language focu
38、sVoc. Ex. 1 on P751) rude 2) physically 3) structure4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling7) Measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner Voc. Ex. 2&3 on P76 Ex. 2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up7)
39、 be hooked up to 8) closed upEx. 3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderellas wildest dreams that she could oneday dance in the Kings palace3) will be in readers hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars. Voc . Ex
40、. 4 on P771）applicants, veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to goafter3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barely II. Words with Multiple Meanings on P 781. Behave 2. used to avoid repetition 3. clean4. get along 5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete7. Stud
41、y 8. be enough 9. be acceptable iii. Usage on P79-80 1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where tobegin.OK,Ill talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmascard. Bythe way, I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easil
42、y understoodby anyone who can read the daily newspaper.Now, why isthis an advantage?4. Im going to work out the outline and will let you know howit goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan toattend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job.Now, howto maximize your profitswith as
43、little effort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia.Incidentally, thosepicturesyou sent me are wonderful. Comprehensive Exercises Cloze 1. text-related on P80(1) Prospective (2)As I see it(3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) Endeavor (6) structure (7) Partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack
44、(10) from the standpoint(11) make a difference (12) follow up2. theme-related on P81(1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibit Translation on P81-82 1) Despite theinadequatelength of the airstrip in thisemergency la
45、nding, theveteran pilotmanaged to stop theplane aftertaxiing foronly a short while.2)Grilled bythe reporters, the movie star eventuallyblurted(out) thatshe had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and ourpartner hasthe capital.Working together, well have the futurein our hands.4
46、) If I had knownbeforehand thatyou would bring so manyfriends home, I would have made betterpreparations. Yousee, I havebarely enoughfood and drinks for a snack.5) People gavegenerously uponlearning that new schoolrooms with strongerstructures wereto be built in theearthquake-stricken area. Translation 2. on P82 Well begun, half done,as the saying goes. It isextremely important for a jobappl