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1、Unit1GreatscientistsTeachingaims1. Tohelpstudentslearntodescribepeople2. TohelpstudentslearntoreadanarrationaboutJohnSnow3. Tohelpstudentsbetterunderstand“Greatscientists4. Tohelpstudentslearntousesomeimportantwordsandexpressions5. Tohelpstudentsidentifyexamplesof“ThePastParticiple(1)asthePredicativ
2、e&theattributePeriod1WarmingupandreadingTeachingProceduresI.WarmingupStepILeadinTalkaboutscientist.T:Hi,morning,class.Nicetoseeyouonthisspecialday,thedaywhenyoubecomeaseniortwograder.IamhappytobewithyouhelpingyouwithyourEnglish.Todaywearetoreadaboutacertainscientist.Butfirstletsdefinetheword“scienti
3、st.WhatisascientistAscientistisapersonwhoworksinscience,tryingtounderstandhowtheuniverseorotherthingswork.Scientistscanworkindifferentareasofscience.Herearesomeexamples:Thosethatstudyphysicsarephysicists.Thosethatstudychemistryarechemists.Thosethatstudybiologyarebiologists.StepIIAskthestudentstotryt
4、hequizandfindoutwhoknowsthemost.T:Therearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.CanyounamesomeofthemWhatkindofroledotheyplayinthefieldofscienceDotheseachievementshaveanythingincommonMatchtheinventionswiththeirinventorsbelowbeforeyouanswerallthesequestions.1.Archimedes,AncientGreek(2
5、87-212BC),amathematician.2.Charles Darwin, Britain(1808-1882).ThenameofthebookisOriginofSpecies.3.ThomasNewcomen,British(1663-1729),aninventorofsteamengine.4.GregorMendel,Czech,abotanistandgeneticist.5.MarieCurie,PolishandFrench,achemistandphysicist.6.ThomasEdison,American,aninventor.7.LeonardodaVin
6、ci,Italian,anartist.8.SirHumphryDavy,British,aninventorandchemist.9.ZhangHeng,ancientChina,aninventor.10.StepperHawking,British,aphysicist.II.Pre-readingStepIGetthestudentstodiscussthequestionsonpage1withtheirpartners.Thenaskthestudentstoreporttheirwork.Encouragethestudentstoexpresstheirdifferentopi
7、nions.1. WhatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseasesInfectiousdiseasescanbespreadtootherpeople.Theyhaveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.Peoplemaybeexposedtoinfectiousdisease,somayanimals,suchasbirdflu，AIDS,SARSareinfectiousdiseases.Infectiousdiseasesaredifficulttocure.2. Whatdoyouknowaboutc
8、holeraCholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVibriocholerae.Itinfectspeoplesintestines(肠),causingdiarrheaandlegcramps(抽筋).Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminated(净化)withthebacteria.Choleracanbemild(不严格的)orevenwithoutimmediatesymptoms(病症),butaseverec
9、asecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment.3.DoyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearchAnybodymightcomeoutwithanewidea.ButhowdoweproveitinscientificresearchTherearesevenstagesinexamininganewideainscientificresearch.Andtheycanbeputinthefollowingorder.WhatorderwouldyouputtheseveninJustguess.Fin
10、daproblemMakeupaquestionThinkofamethodCollectresultsAnalysetheresultsDrawaconclusionRepeatifnecessaryIII.ReadingStepIPre-reading1. DoyouknowJohnSnowJohnSnowisawell-knowndoctorinthe19thcenturyinLondonandhedefeated“KingCholera.2. DoyouknowwhatkindofdiseaseischoleraItisakindofterriblediseasecausedbydri
11、nkingdirtywateranditcausedalotofdeathsintheoldtimesanditwasverydifficulttodefeat.LetsgettoknowhowDr.JohnSnowdefeated“KingCholerain1854 inLondoninthisreadingpassage:StepIISkimmingReadthepassageandanswerthequestions.1. Whodefeats“KingCholera“(JohnSnow)2. Whathappenedin1854(CholeraoutbreakhitLondon.)3.
12、 Howmanypeoplediedin10days(500)4. WhyistherenodeathatNo.20and21 Broad StreetaswellasatNo.8and9 Cambridge Street(ThesefamilieshadnotdrunkthewaterfromtheBroad Streetpump.)(Optional)Skimthepassageandfindtheinformationtocompletetheformbelow.WhoWhenWhatHowResultJohnSnow1854helpingordinarypeopleexposedtoc
13、holeraExaminingthesourceofallwatersuppliesandfindingnewmethodsofdealingwithpollutedwaster“KingCholeradefeatedStepIIIScanningReadthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened.2JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.1AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.4JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.7Heannouncedthat
14、thewatercarriedthedisease.3JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.8KingCholerawasdefeated.5Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.6Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.StepIVMainideaandcorrectstageReadthepassageandputthecorrectstagesintothereadingaboutresearchintoadisease
15、.JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholeraParagraphStagesGeneralideas1Findaproblem:WhatcausethecholeraThecausesofcholera2Makeupaquestion:WhichisrightThecorrectorpossibletheory3Thinkofamethod:TesttwotheoryCollectdataonwherepeoplewereillanddiedandwheretheygottheirwater4Collectresults:MarkthedeathPlotinformationonam
16、aptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie5Analyzetheresults:FindtheresourceofthewaterLookintothewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness6FindsupportingevidenceFindotherevidencestoconfirmhisconclusion7DrawaconclusionThepolluteddirtysourceofdrinkingwaterwastoblameforthecauseoftheLondoncholeraStepVGroupdiscu
17、ssionAnswerthequestions(Finishexercise2onPage3)1.JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit(JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater.)2.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthispr
18、oblemwithoutthemap(No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythosehouseholdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.)3.Choleraisa19thcentury
19、disease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday(Twodiseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARSandAIDSbecausetheyarebothserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.StepVIUsingthestagesforscientificresearchandwriteasummary.Period2&3LanguagefocusStepIWarmingup1. characteristic n.aqualit
20、yorfeatureofsth.orsomeonethatistypicalofthemandeasytorecongnize.特点；特点WhatcharacteristicsdistinguishtheAmericansfromtheCanadians.a.verytypicalofaparticularthingorofsomeonescharacer典范性的，Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhim.WindydaysarecharacteristicofMarch.辨析characteristic与charactercharacteristic是可数名词，意
21、为“异乎寻常的特点“character表示团体、团体、平易近族特有的“性情、质量，还意为“人物；笔墨Whatyouknowabouthimisnthisrealcharacter.2.putforward:tostateanideaoropinion,ortosuggestaplanorperson,forotherpeopletoconsider提出Heputforwardanewtheory.Theforeignershaveputforwardaproposalforajointventure.Aninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospher
22、earoundMarshasbeenputforward.puton穿上;戴上;添加putout燃烧(灯);毁灭(火)putupwith忍耐putdown写上去;放下；putoff耽误;延期putup树破;修建,putup举起，搭建，粘贴3.analyze:toexamineorthinkaboutsomethingcarefullyinordertounderstanditvt.剖析后果、检查、细察Acomputeranalysesthephotographssentbythesatellite.Theearthquakeexperttriedtoanalyzethecauseoftheea
23、rthquakeoccurredonMay12,2020.Letsanalyzetheproblemandseewhatwentwrong.Heanalyzedthefoodandfoundthatitcontainedpoison.Wemusttrytoanalyzethecausesofthestrike.analysisn.剖析，剖析，剖析4.conclude:decidethatsth.istrueafterconsideringaltheinformationyouhave得出论断；推论出toendsth.suchasameetingorspeechbydoingorsayingon
24、efinalthingvt.&vi终了，停止；Weconcludedthemeetingat8oclockwithaprayer.Fromhisappearancewemaysafelyconcludethatheisaheavysmoker.WhatdoyouconcludefromthesefactsWeconcludetogoout/thatwewouldgoout.conclusionn.论断arriveataconclusion;cometoaconclusion;drawaconclusion;reachaconclusionWhatconclusiondidyoucometo/r
25、each/draw/arriveatFromthesefactswecandrawsomeconclusionsabouthowthepyramidswerebuilt.Step2Reading1.defeatvt.towinavictoryoversomeoneinawar,competition,gameetc.战胜，战胜，使受挫Ivetriedtosolvetheproblem,butitdefeatsme!Ourteamdefeatedtheirsinthegame.n.掉败，输failuretowinorsucceedThismeansadmittingdefeat.Theyhave
26、gotsixvictoriesandtwodefeats.辨析win,beat与defeatwin“博得赛事、战事、某物；后接人时，意为“争夺博得的好感或支撑；压服beat“战胜“击败比赛中的敌手，可与defeat调换Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.Icaneasilybeat/defeathimatgolf.Heistraininghardtow
27、intheraceandrealizehisdreamofbecomingachampionatthe2020OlympicGames.2.expertn.someonewhohasaspecialskillorspecialknowledgeofasubject专家，妙手anexpertinpsychologyanagriculturalexperta.havingspecialskillorspecialknowledgeofasubject熟练的，有专门技巧的anexpertrideranexpertjob需专门常识的任务Heisexpertin/atcooking.3.attendvt
28、.&vi参与，留意，照顾bepresentat参与attendaceremony/lecture/amovie/school/class/ameetingIshallbeattendingthemeeting.Pleaseletmeknowifyouareunabletoattendtheconference.attendto(on):tolookafter,carefor,serve服侍,照顾，关照Thequeenhadagooddoctorattendingonher.DrSmithattendedherinhospital.治疗Areyoubeingattendedto招待Motherh
29、adtoattendtohersickson.attendto处置，留意谛听attendtothematterAnurseattendstohisneeds.CanyouattendtothematterimmediatelyImaybelateIhavegotoneortwothingstoattendto.Excuseme,butIhaveanurgentmattertoattendto.辨析attend,join,joinin与takepartin attend指参与集会、上课、上学、听讲演等 join指参与某构造、集团，成为此中一员 joinin指参与某种活动；表示与或人一同做某事jo
30、insb.insth. takepartin指参与正式的、有构造的活动，切在活动中起踊跃感化Only2peopleattendedthemeeting.HejoinedtheCommunistYouthLeaguein2007.WillyoujoinusinthegameWeoftentalepartintheafter-classactivities.4.expose:toshowsth.thatisusuallycovered裸露exposesth.tothelightofday把某事裸露于青天白日之下Ithreatenedtoexposehim(tothepolice).我要挟要(向警员
31、)揭穿他.Heexposedhisskintothesun.他把皮肤裸露在阳光下.Theoldmanwasleftexposedtowindandrain.Whenhesmiledheexposedasetofperfectwhiteteeth.5.curevt.&n.tomakesomeonewhoisillwellagian治疗,康复WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.curesbofadiseaseWhenyouhaveapaininyourshoulders,youwillgotoseeadoctor.Thedoctorwillcureyou
32、.Theonlywaytocurebackacheistorest.HewillcurethepaininyourshouldersWhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.Theillnesscannotbecuredeasily.Althoughtheboywasbeyondcure,hisparentstriedtocurehimofbadhabits.acureforadiseaseAspirinissaidtobeawonderfulcureforthepain.Thereisstillnocureforthecommoncold.Isthere
33、acertaincureforcanceryetacureforsth.:toremoveaproblem,orimproveabadsituation处置征询题，改良窘境Thepricesaregoingupeveryday,butthereisnocureforrisingprices.辨析cure与treat cure要紧指康复，夸年夜的是后果 treat夸年夜治疗过程，指经过药物、特不的食品或活动治疗病人或疾病，不夸年夜后果。Theycuredmeofmyinfluenza.Theytreatedmewithanewdrug.6.controlvt.&n. vt.：tohavepowe
34、rover,rule,direct把持，安排，管理Hecannotcontrolhisfeelings/anger.YouaretryingtocontrolmeasthoughIwereyourslave.Thegovernmenttriesitsbesttocontrolprices. beunderthecontrolof;beincontrolof;take/gaincontrolof;get/beoutofcontrol;losecontrolof;beyondcontrolGeorgetook/gainedcontrolofthebusinessafterhisfatherdied
35、.Thecarwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothepole.theheadincontrolofthecountryThedriverlostcontrolofhiscaranditknockedintoatree.Mr.Brownisincontroloftheshop./TheshopisinthecontrolofMr.Brown.ThismoneyisundercontrolofMrBrown.WhosincontroloftheprojectThefirehasbeenbroughtundercontrol.7.suggestv.倡议；表示；阐明sugg
36、est+doing/sth./that-clauseMaysuggestedapicnicattheweekend.WhatdidyousuggesttotheheadmasterIsuggestedleavingearlyfortheairport.Shesuggestedthatherfather(should)giveupsmoking.他倡议咱们不雅赏长城。HesuggestedtousavisittotheGreatWall.HesuggestedusvisitingtheGreatWall.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreatWall. su
37、ggest(表示，阐明)+从句不必虚构语气。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasseriouslyill.Hisworksuggeststhatheisacarefulman.8.absorb totakesth.inespeciallygradually接收Plantsabsorbcarbondioxide.Incoldclimates,housesneedtohavewallsthatwillabs
38、orbheat.Paperthatabsorbsinkiscalledblottingpaper吸墨纸.Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.tounderstandfactsorideascompletelyandrememberthemItshardtoabsorbsomuchinformation.beabsorbedin=concentrateon一心于HeisabsorbedintheresearchofChinesehistoryrecently.Thewriterwas
39、soabsorbedinhiswritingthatheforgottoflicktheashesfromhiscigar.IwassoabsorbedinabookthatIdidnthearyoucall.absorbonesattentionChinesehistoryabsorbshisattentionrecently.9.suspect:tothinkthatsomethingisprobablytrueorlikely,especiallysomethingbadvt.怀疑，猜忌n.怀疑犯，有怀疑的人adj.可疑的，靠不住的suspectsb.ofdoingsth.怀疑或人做Sh
40、esuspectedhimoftakinghermoney. 认为，猜想Wesuspectedthathehadfinisheddoinghishomework.10.severea.soserious,sobad严格的，刻薄的，严厉的Comeon!Dontbesoseverewiththechildren.Hisreportcontainsseverecriticismofthecompanysactions.Hisseverelooksfrightenedme.veryharmfulorpainful,seriousoruncomfortable痛苦悲伤猛烈，的严格的，Iwascaught
41、inaseverestormlastnightandcouldntgobackhomeintime.Hehassuchasevereillnessthathehasbeeninhospital.Isufferedasevereattackoftoothache.Hehadaseverepainintheleg.11.foresee:toknowthatsth.isgoingtohappenbeforeitactuallyhappensvt.预感，预料Themethodwasusedinwaysthatcouldnthavebeenforeseenbyitsinventors.Fewanalys
42、tsforesawthatoilricewouldrisesosteeply.Noonecouldhaveforeseenthingswouldturnatthisway.Itsimpossibletoforeseehowlifewillworkout.12.blamev.指摘；指摘；把归咎于n.差错；指摘 blamesb./sth.forsth.:tosayorthinkthatsb.orsth.isresponsibleforsth.bad因而指摘Itsnotfairtoblameme.Itsnotmyfault.Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayofthe
43、plan.ManychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.blamesth.onsb./sth.把归咎于:beresponsibleforsth.badThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjackscarelessdriving.(be)toblame应受指摘自动表主动；承担义务Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.WhichdriverwastoblamefortheaccidentEitherheorIamtoblam
44、e.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheonetoblame.Whoistoblameforthefiretaketheblame承担义务tosaythatsth.isyourfaultHeisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.puttheblameon怪在身上Itsnouseblamingourdefeatonhim.13.lookinto考察，了解，研讨，浏览，向里看Welllookintothecaseassoonaspossible.Butnowthe
45、authorityislookingintothecostofmodifyingallofitswindows.Thebuildingaroundthecornercaughtfirelastnight.Thepolicearenowlookingintothematter.lookaround;lookafter,lookdownupon;lookfor;lookforwardto;looklike;lookover浏览，过目一遍;lookout;lookthrough浏览，反省;lookon;lookupto;14.handlevt.todealwith处置，交易，操纵n.把手，痛处The
46、childrenaresonaughtythatIcanthandlethem.处置Thisshophandlespaperandstationery.交易Wedonthandlethatsortofbook.交易Howshallwehandletheproblem.处置Canyouhandlethesituationatpresent处置Ithasafreehandle.活把手Helearnthowtohandletheaxe.操纵15.linkv.衔接，联系Thetwotownsarelinkedbyarailway.Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.Televisionstationsaroundtheworldarelinkedbysatellites.Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.n.Researchershavedetectedalinkbetweensmokingandheartdisease.IstherealinkbetweensmokingandlungdiseaseAlotoflinksfittedtogetherformachain.linkup(with)衔接，联合;linkwith/to把与相衔接16.annou