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1、第八讲：雅思阅读配第八讲：雅思阅读配对题对题一、形式：三部分组成一、形式：三部分组成题目要求、选项的集合、题目的集合二、特点：难以捉摸二、特点：难以捉摸大多数是微小环节信息（段落配信息题除外）有乱序分布三、分类三、分类配对一方是特殊定位词配对一方是特殊定位词人名配观点人名配观点地点配解决措施地点配解决措施时间配事务时间配事务乱序乱序配对双方是长句子配对双方是长句子问题配答案问题配答案缘由配结果缘由配结果正序正序段落配信息段落配信息乱序乱序-语言实力语言实力四、基本解题步骤四、基本解题步骤识别配对的双方的类型以及各自的数量确定先定位哪一方通读配对另一方，划出全部定位词，逐段进行配对1.配对一方是
2、特殊定位词方法：A快速阅读定位词，在文中划出，没有出现定位词的段落一律不考虑。B通读配对题的另一方，划出定位词，逐段配对。例题：剑一T2P1Q1-7A AWhydohumans,virtuallyaloneamongallanimalspecies,displayadistinctleftorrighthandedness?Notevenourclosestrelativesamongtheapespossesssuchdecidedlateralasymmetry,aspsychologistscallit.Yetabout90percentofeveryhumanpopulationtha
3、thaseverlivedappearstohavebeenright-handed.ProfessorBryanTurneratDeaconUniversityhasstudiedtheresearchliteratureonleft-handednessandfoundthathandednessgoeswithsidedness.Sonineoutoftenpeopleareright-handedandeightareright-footed.Henotedthatthisdistinctiveasymmetryinthehumanpopulationisitselfsystemati
4、c.Humansthinkincategories:blackandwhite,upanddown,leftandright.Itsasystemofsignsthatenablesustocategoriesphenomenathatareessentiallyambiguous.BResearchhasshownthatthereisgeneticorBResearchhasshownthatthereisgeneticorinheritedelementtohandedness.Butwhileleft-inheritedelementtohandedness.Butwhileleft-
5、handednesstendstoruninfamilies,neitherleftnorhandednesstendstoruninfamilies,neitherleftnorrighthandlerswillautomaticallyproduceoff-springrighthandlerswillautomaticallyproduceoff-springwiththesamehandedness;infactabout6percentwiththesamehandedness;infactabout6percentofchildrenwithtworight-handedparen
6、tswillbeofchildrenwithtworight-handedparentswillbeleft-handed.However,amongtwoleft-handedleft-handed.However,amongtwoleft-handedparents,perhaps40percentofthechildrenwillparents,perhaps40percentofthechildrenwillalsobeleft-handed.Withonerightandoneleft-alsobeleft-handed.Withonerightandoneleft-handedpa
7、rent,15to20percentoftheoffspringhandedparent,15to20percentoftheoffspringwillbeleft-handed.Evenamongidenticaltwinswhowillbeleft-handed.Evenamongidenticaltwinswhohaveexactlythesamegenes,oneinsixpairswillhaveexactlythesamegenes,oneinsixpairswilldifferintheirhandedness.differintheirhandedness.CWhatthenm
8、akespeopleleft-handedifitisnotsimplyCWhatthenmakespeopleleft-handedifitisnotsimplygenetic?Otherfactorsmustbeatworkandgenetic?Otherfactorsmustbeatworkandresearchershaveturnedtothebrainforclues.Inresearchershaveturnedtothebrainforclues.Inthe1860stheFrenchsurgeonandanthropologist,Drthe1860stheFrenchsur
9、geonandanthropologist,DrPaulBocaPaulBoca,madetheremarkablefindingthatpatientsmadetheremarkablefindingthatpatientswhohadlosttheirpowersofspeechasaresultofawhohadlosttheirpowersofspeechasaresultofastroke(abloodclotinthebrain)hadparalysisofthestroke(abloodclotinthebrain)hadparalysisoftherighthalfofthei
10、rbody.Henotedthatsincetheleftrighthalfoftheirbody.Henotedthatsincethelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolstherighthalfofthehemisphereofthebraincontrolstherighthalfofthebody,andviceversa,thebraindamagemusthavebody,andviceversa,thebraindamagemusthavebeeninthebrainslefthemisphere,Psychologistsnowbeeninthebr
11、ainslefthemisphere,Psychologistsnowbelievethatamongrighthandedpeople,probably95believethatamongrighthandedpeople,probably95percenthavetheirlanguagecentreintheleftpercenthavetheirlanguagecentreinthelefthemisphere,while5percenthaveright-sidedhemisphere,while5percenthaveright-sidedlanguage,Left-handers
12、,however,donotshowthelanguage,Left-handers,however,donotshowthereversepatternbutinsteadamajorityalsoSome30reversepatternbutinsteadamajorityalsoSome30percenthaverighthemispherelanguage.percenthaverighthemispherelanguage.D D DrBrinkman,abrainresearcherattheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberra,hassug
13、gestedthatevolutionofspeechwentwithright-handedpreference.AccordingtoBrinkman,asthebrainevolved,onesidebecamespecializedforfinecontrolofmovement(necessaryforproducingspeech)andalongwiththisevolutioncameright-handpreference.AccordingtoBrinkman,mostleft-handershavelefthemispheredominancebutalsosomecap
14、acityintherighthemisphere.Shehasobservedthatifaleft-handedpersonisbrain-damagedinthelefthemisphere,therecoveryofspeechisquiteoftenbetterandthisisexplainedbythefactthatleft-handershaveamorebilateralspeechfunction.EInherstudiesofmacaquemonkeys,Brinkmanhasnoticedthatprimates(monkeys)seemtolearnahandpre
15、ferencefromtheirmotherinthefirstyearoflifebutthiscouldbeonehandortheother.Inhumans,however,thespecializationinfunctionofthetwohemispheresresultsinanatomicaldifferences;areasthatareinvolvedwiththeproductionofspeechareusuallylargerontheleftsidethanontheright.Sincemonkeyshavenotacquiredtheartofspeech,o
16、newouldnotexpecttoseesuchavariationbutBrinkmanclaimstohavediscoveredatrendinmonkeystowardstheasymmetrythatisevidentinthehumanbrain.FFTwoAmericanresearchers,Geschwind and Galaburda,studiedthebrainsofhumanembryosanddiscoveredthattheleft-rightasymmetryexistsbeforebirth.Butasthebraindevelops,anumberofth
17、ingscanaffectit.Everybrainisinitiallyfemaleinitsorganisationanditonlybecomesamalebrainwhenthemalefetusbeginstosecretehormones.Geschwind and Galaburda knewthatdifferentpartsofthebrainmatureatdifferentrates;therighthemispheredevelopsfirst,thentheleft.Moreover,agirlsbraindevelopssomewhatfasterthanthato
18、faboy.So,ifsomethinghappenstothebrainsdevelopmentduringpregnancy,itismorelikelytobeaffectedinamaleandthehemispheremorelikelytobeinvolvedistheleft.Thebrainmaybecomelessliberalizedandthisinturncouldresultinleft-handednessandthedevelopmentofcertainsuperiorskillsthathavetheiroriginsinthelefthemispheresu
19、chaslogic,rationalityandabstraction.Itshouldbenosurprisethenthatamongmathematiciansandarchitects,left-handerstendtobemorecommonandtherearemoreleft-handedmalesthanfemales.GGTheresultsofthisresearchmaybesomeconsolationtoleft-handerswhohaveforcenturieslivedinaworlddesignedtosuitright-handedpeople.Howev
20、er,whatisalarming,accordingtoMr.CharlesMoore,awriterandjournalist,isthewaythewordrightreinforcesitsownvirtue.Subliminallyhesays,languagetellspeopletothinkthatanythingontherightcanbetrustedwhileanythingontheleftisdangerousorevensinister.Wespeakofleft-handedcomplimentsandaccordingtoMoore,itisnocoincid
21、encethatleft-hand,oftendevelopastammerastheyarerobbedoftheirfreedomofspeech.However,asmoreresearchisundertakenonthecausesoflefthandedness,attitudestowardsleft-handedpeoplearegraduallychangingforthebetter.IndeedwhenthechampiontennisplayerIndeedwhenthechampiontennisplayerIvanLendwasaskedwhatthesinglet
22、hingimprovehisgame,hesaidhewouldliketobecomealeft-hander.Questions1-7Questions1-7Usetheinformationinthetexttomatchthepeople(listedA-E)Usetheinformationinthetexttomatchthepeople(listedA-E)withtheopinions(listed1-7)below.Writetheappropriateletterwiththeopinions(listed1-7)below.Writetheappropriatelette
23、r(A-E)in(A-E)inboxes 1-boxes 1-7onyouranswersheet.Somepeoplematch7onyouranswersheet.Somepeoplematchmorethanoneopinion.morethanoneopinion.ADrBocaADrBocaBDrBrinkmanBDrBrinkmanCGeschwindandGalaburdaCGeschwindandGalaburdaDCharlesMooreDCharlesMooreEProfessorTurnerEProfessorTurner 1Humanbeingsstartedtosho
24、wapreferenceforright-1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhenhandednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.theyfirstdevelopedlanguage.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-h
25、anded.4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmore4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklyquicklythanright-handedpeople.thanright-handedpeople.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusually5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallyloselosetheirpowerofsp
26、eech.theirpowerofspeech.6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbefore6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.birth.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowa1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferencepreferenceforf
27、orright-handednesswhenright-handednesswhentheyfirsttheyfirstdevelopedlanguagedevelopedlanguage.2Societyis2Societyisprejudicedprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.againstleft-handedpeople.33BoysBoysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.aremorelikelytobeleft-handed.4Afterastroke,left-handedpeople4Afterastroke,le
28、ft-handedpeoplerecovertheirrecovertheirspeechspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.morequicklythanright-handedpeople.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthe5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallybrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.losetheirpowerofspeech.6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelop
29、different6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsfunctionsbeforebirth.beforebirth.77AsymmetryisacommonfeatureAsymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.ofthehumanbody.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeopl
30、e.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.Henot
31、edthatthisdistinctiveasymmetryinthehumanpopulationisitselfsystematic.Humansthinkincategories:blackandwhite,upanddown,leftandright.Itsasystemofsignsthatenablesustocategoriesphenomenathatareessentiallyambiguous.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.Inthe1860stheFrenchsurgeonandanthropologist,Dr Pau
32、l Boca,madetheremarkablefindingthatpatientswhohadlosttheirpowersofspeechasaresultofastroke(abloodclotinthebrain)hadparalysisoftherighthalfoftheirbody.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.Dr Brinkman,abrainresearcherattheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberra,ha
33、ssuggestedthatevolutionofspeechwentwithright-handedpreference.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.Shehasobservedthatifaleft-handedpersonisbrain-damagedinthelefthemisphere,therecoveryofspeechisquiteoftenbetterandthisisexplainedbythefactthatleft-hander
34、shaveamorebilateralspeechfunction.4.Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.TwoAmericanresearchers,Geschwind and Galaburda,studiedthebrainsofhumanembryosanddiscoveredthattheleft-rightasymmetryexistsbeforebirth.6.Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctions
35、beforebirth.Moreover,agirlsbraindevelopssomewhatfasterthanthatofaboy.So,ifsomethinghappenstothebrainsdevelopmentduringpregnancy,itismorelikelytobeaffectedinamaleandthehemispheremorelikelytobeinvolvedistheleft.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.However,whatisalarming,accordingtoMr.Charles Moore,awrite
36、randjournalist,isthewaythewordrightreinforcesitsownvirtue.Subliminallyhesays,languagetellspeopletothinkthatanythingontherightcanbetrustedwhileanythingontheleftisdangerousorevensinister.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.2.双方都是长句子方法：A划出题目中的定位词，定位到段落。B划出选项中的定位词，逐段进行配对。例题：剑七T2P3Q36-39 剑七剑七剑七剑
37、七T2P3Q36-39T2P3Q36-39 Questions 36-39Questions 36-39Complete each sentence witComplete each sentence with h the correct ending,AJ,below.the correct ending,AJ,below.Write the correct letter,AJ,in boxes 36-39 on your answer sheet.Write the correct letter,AJ,in boxes 36-39 on your answer sheet.36Constr
38、uctionoffootbridges,stepsandhandrails36Constructionoffootbridges,stepsandhandrails37FrequentbreakdownofbusesandtrucksinMakete37FrequentbreakdownofbusesandtrucksinMakete 38Theimprovementofsecondaryroadsandpaths38Theimprovementofsecondaryroadsandpaths39TheisolationofMaketeforpartoftheyear39Theisolatio
39、nofMaketeforpartoftheyear AprovidedthepeopleofMaketewithexperienceinrunningbusAprovidedthepeopleofMaketewithexperienceinrunningbusandtruckservices.andtruckservices.Bwasespeciallysuccessfulinthenorthernpartofthedistrict.Bwasespeciallysuccessfulinthenorthernpartofthedistrict.Cdifferedfromearlierphases
40、inthatthecommunitybecameCdifferedfromearlierphasesinthatthecommunitybecamelessactivelyinvolved.lessactivelyinvolved.Dimprovedpathsusedfortransportupanddownhillsides.Dimprovedpathsusedfortransportupanddownhillsides.Ewasnolongeraproblemoncetheroadshadbeenimproved.Ewasnolongeraproblemoncetheroadshadbee
41、nimproved.Fcostlessthanlocallymadewheelbarrows.Fcostlessthanlocallymadewheelbarrows.GwasdoneonlyattherequestoflocalpeoplewhowerewillingGwasdoneonlyattherequestoflocalpeoplewhowerewillingtolendahand.tolendahand.HwasatfirstconsideredbyMIRTPtobeaffordablefortheHwasatfirstconsideredbyMIRTPtobeaffordable
42、forthepeopleofthedistrict.peopleofthedistrict.IhinderedattemptstomaketheexistingtransportservicesIhinderedattemptstomaketheexistingtransportservicesmoreefficient.moreefficient.J J wasthoughttobethemostimportantobjectiveofPhaseIII.wasthoughttobethemostimportantobjectiveofPhaseIII.Mostgoodsweretranspo
43、rtedalongthepathsthatprovideshort-cutsupanddownthehillsides,butthepathswerearealsafetyriskandmadethejourneyonfootevenmorearduous.Itmadesensetoimprovethepathsbybuildingsteps,handrailsandfootbridges.36Constructionoffootbridges,stepsandhandrailsDimprovedpathsusedfortransportupanddownhillsides.Theeffort
44、stoimprovetheefficiencyoftheexistingtransportserviceswerenotverysuccessfulbecausemostofthemotorizedvehiclesinthedistrictbrokedownandtherewerenoresourcestorepairthem.37FrequentbreakdownofbusesandtrucksinMaketeIhinderedattemptstomaketheexistingtransportservicesmoreefficientPathsandsecondaryroadswereim
45、provedonlyattherequestofcommunitieswhowerewillingtoparticipateinconstructionandmaintenance.38TheimprovementofsecondaryroadsandpathsGwasdoneonlyattherequestoflocalpeoplewhowerewillingtolendahand.Theroadimprovementsandaccompanyingmaintenancesystemhadhelpedmakethedistrictcentreaccessiblethroughouttheye
46、ar.39TheisolationofMaketeforpartoftheyearEwasnolongeraproblemoncetheroadshadbeenimproved.练习：剑五T2P2Q24-273.段落配信息题方法：划出定位词，以段落为单位，读完一段话，返回来阅读一遍定位词，假如有对应内容就选，没有就不选例题：剑六T1P2Q14-17Question14-17Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?Writethecorrectletter,AI，inboxes1417.14.asuggestionforimprovementt
47、radeinthefuture15.theeffectoftheintroductionofelectronicdelivery16.thesimilarcostinvolvedintransportingaproductfromabroadorfromalocalsupplier17.theweakeningrelationshipbetweenthevalueofgoodsandthecostoftheirdelivery14.asuggestionforimprovementtradeinthefuture最终一段IInAmericatheperiodofhugeproductivity
48、gainsintransportationmaybealmostover,butinmostcountriestheprocessstillhasfartogo.Stateownershipofrailwaysandairlines,regulationoffreightratesandtolerationofanti-competitivepractices,suchascargo-handlingmonopolies,allkeepthecostofshippingunnecessarilyhighanddeterinternationaltrade.Bringingthesebarrie
49、rsdownwouldhelptheworldseconomiesgrowevencloser.15.theeffectoftheintroductionofelectronicdeliveryFThisisevenmoretrueofthefast-growinginformationindustries.Filmsandcompactdiscscostlittletotransport,evenbyaeroplane.Computersoftwarecanbeexportedwithouteverloadingitontoaship,simplybytransmittingitoverte
50、lephonelinesfromonecountrytoanother,sofreightratesandcargo-handlingschedulesbecomeinsignificantfactorsindecidingwheretomaketheproduct.Businessescanlocatebasedonotherconsiderations,suchastheavailabilityoflabour,whileworryinglessaboutthecostofdeliveringtheiroutput.16.thesimilarcostinvolvedintransporti