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1、厦门大学2003年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入 学 考 试 试 题招 生 专 业 英语语言文学 考 试 课 程 阅读及英美文学、语言学417研 究 方 向_注意：答案必须标明题号，按序写在专用答题纸上，写在本试卷上或草稿纸上者一律不给分。Part One Reading Comprehension 70 pointsDirections: Each passage is followed by questions based on its content. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Ans
2、wer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.Passage 1 The place of the child in society has varied for thousands of years and has been affected by different cultures and religions. In ancient times unwanted children were occasionally abandoned, p
3、ut to death, exploited, or offered for religious sacrifices, and in any event a large percentage of them didnt survive their physically hazardous existence to achieve maturity. In Western civilization within the last few hundred years, there have been many changes in attitude toward the young. In ag
4、ricultural Europe, and later with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the children of the poor worked long hours for little or no pay, and there was no public concern for their safety or welfare. Punishment could be brutal and severe, and sometimes religious passions were expressed violently
5、 with a view toward saving the childs soul. By the eighteenth century the harsh, deterministic, doctrinaire methods began to show some change. Society slowly accorded children a role of more importance. Books were written expressly for them and gradually laws were passed for their protection. In the
6、 past few decades parents have become more attentive to the needs of their children. Better health care is available and education is no longer reserved for a limited few. With so many now able to go to college, many educators feel that we have too many students and too few competent scholars. Some
7、say the pendulum in child rearing has swung so far toward permissiveness that many children are growing up alienated from society and with no respect for law or parental authority. The tendency today is for teachers and parents to emphasize individual responsibility and to stress that educational go
8、als for students should be tailored to their chosen vocations rather than provide a generalized higher education. 1. What does the article say about children? A. They have always been the hope of mankind. B. In certain periods of history no one cared about them. C. In the mid-eighteenth century west
9、ern attitudes toward children began to change. D. There were laws barring child labor during the industrial revolution. 2. What does the article say about children in ancient times? A. They were often cruelly beaten. B. At times they were used as sacrificial offerings. C. People who didnt want child
10、ren usually murdered them. D. Though they were abused or neglected by their parents, children survived to adulthood with little difficulty. 3. What changes have occurred in the past few decades with regard to the childs place in society? A. Child raising has become more permissive.B. Public health c
11、are has improved so much that children now need no particular health care. C. Children are becoming more intelligent. D. Children are becoming more respectful toward their parents. 4. What is the present trend in child discipline and education? A. Giving as many young people as possible a popular ge
12、neralized college education. B. Creating more regimentation of the individual. C. Teaching children to conform to rigorous rules. D. Emphasizing individual responsibility. Passage 2Many experimental cars have been designed as one-of-a-kind models to be shown privately or presented in auto shows, but
13、 never produced for actual sale. One purpose of such cars is to test consumer reaction to the various features shown. They are also the results of inspired as well as innovative ideas developed in the automakers workshops. One experimental car, the Firebird by General Motors, had a single stick cont
14、rol system eliminating the conventional steering wheel, brake pedal and accelerator. Moving the stick to right steered the car in those directions. Pushing forward accelerated the car and pulling back applied the brakes. The control stick was in the center of the front compartment and either the dri
15、ver or the passenger could operate it.5. In this paragraph what is meant by an experimental car? A) A display car that customers can have made to order B) One that the company will produce in volume the following year C) A car to suit the tastes of the very wealthy. D) A car to test public reaction
16、to new features.6. What was said about the Firebird put out by General Motors? A) It immediately proved to be immensely popular. B) It was a car that could be maneuvered with the use of fewer knobs and pedals than conventional cars. C) It was a new system that was practically foolproof. D) It gave t
17、he driver a sense of security.7. What do the manufacturers accomplish by making experimental cars? A) They can test out new design ideas conceived in the engineering department. B) They are used to deceive their competitors about the direction of their future designs. C) They are displayed to show p
18、eople how bizarre in design they may become. D) They serve to occupy the spare time of design engineers during slack seasons.Passage 3One-room schools are part of the United States, and the mention of them makes people feel a vague longing for the way things were. One-room schools are an endangered
19、species, however. For more than a hundred years one-room schools have been systematically shut down and their students sent away to centralized schools. As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 one-room schools in the United States. By 1970 there were 1,800. Today, of the nearly 800 remaining one-room
20、 schools, more than 350 are in Nebraska. The rest are scattered through a few other states that have on their road maps wide-spaces between towns.Now that there are hardly any left, educators are beginning to think that maybe there is something yet to be learned form one-room schools, something that
21、 served the pioneers that might serve as well today. Progressive educators have come up with progressive-sounding names like peer-group teaching and multi-age grouping for educational procedures that occur naturally in the one-room schools. In one-room schools, the children teach each other because
22、the teacher is busy part of the Time teaching someone else. A fourth grader can work at a fifth-grade level in math and a third-grade level in English without the stigma associated with being left back or the pressures of being skipped ahead. A youngster with a learning disability can find his or he
23、r own level without being separated from the other pupils. In larger urban and suburban schools today, this is called mainstreaming. A few hours is a small school that has only one classroom and it becomes clear why so many parents feel that one of the advantages of living in Nebraska in their child
24、ren have to go to a one-room school.8. What is the authors main purpose in the passage? A) To discuss present-day education in the United States. B) To mention some advantages of one-room schools. C) To persuade states to close down one-room schools. D) To summarize the history of education in the U
25、nited States.9. The author implies that many educators and parents today feel that one-room schools A) are too smallB) put pressure on teachers C) are too far apartD) provide a good education10. According to the passage, why are one-room schools in danger of disappearing? A) They all exist in one st
26、ate. B) There is no fourth-grade level in any of them. C) There is a trend towards centralization. D) They skip too many children ahead.11. According to the passage, about how many one-room schools are there in the United States today?A) 149,000 B) 1,800C) 800D) 35012. In the second paragraph, what
27、is mentioned as a major characteristic of the one-room school system? A) It causes many children to be left back. B) It must work in conjunction with an urban school. C) It does not allow teachers to do any individual teaching. D) It does not limited to one grade level at a time.13. The attitude of
28、the author toward one-room school is one of A) humorB) indifferenceC) commendationD) angerPassage 4In the past, evolutionary biologists contemplating the absence of wheels in nature agreed that the explanation was not undesirability; wheels would be good for animals, just as they are for us. Animals
29、 were prevented from evolving wheels, the biologists reasoned, by the following dilemma: Living cells in an animals body are connected to the heart by blood vessels, and to the brain by nerves. Because a rotating joint is essential to a wheel, a wheel made of living cells would twist its artery, vei
30、n, and nerve connections at the first revolution, making living wheels impracticable.However, there is a flaw in the argument that the evolution of wheeled animals was thwarted by the insoluble joint problem. The theory fails to explain why animals have not evolved wheels of dead tissue with no need
31、 for arteries and nerves. Countless animals, including us, bear external structures without blood supply or nerves for example, our hair and fingernails, or the scales, claws, and horns of other animals. Why have rats not evolved bony wheels, similar to roller skates? Paws might be more useful than
32、wheels in some situations, but cats claws are retractable; why not retractable wheels? We thus arrive at the serious biological paradox flippantly termed the RRR dilemma: natures failure to produce rats with retractable roller skates.14. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (A)
33、Evolutionary Biology: New Research Methods (B) How Do Living Joints Function? (C) Wheels for Animals: A Biological Possibility? (D) The Evolutionary History of The Wheel15. The passage discusses the evolution of animals in terms of their _ (A) genetic structures(B) reproductive cycles (C) anatomy (D
34、) behavior16. The structural material of the wheels discussed in the passage in would be similar to that of _ (A) nerves(B) joints (C) arteries and veins (D) scales and horns17. The concept of retractable roller skates, mentioned in the last sentence, would be best explained as _ (A) an evolutionary
35、 variation of claws (B) a complex structure of living tissue (C) an example of human intervention in natural development (D) a new discovery by evolutionistsPassage 5When the persuading and the planning for the western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the d
36、angerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines. The men who took it on comprised the most cosmopolitan work crew in American history. They included Civil War veterans and freed slaves, Irish and German immigrants, Mormons and atheists, Shoshonis, Paiutes, Washos, an
37、d Chinese.At the peak of their labors, the work crews laid two to five miles of track a day. The men filled ravines, ran spidery trestles across rivers and valleys, and punched holes through mountains. And they did all these jobs largely by their own muscle power.Flatcars carried rails to within hal
38、f a mile of the railhead; there the iron was loaded onto carts. An eyewitness described the procedure: “A light car, drawn by a single horse, gallops up to the front with its load rails. Two men seize the end of a rail and start forward, the rest of the gang taking holding by twos until it is clear
39、of the car. They come forward at a run. At the word of command, the rail is dropped in its place, right side up. Less than thirty seconds to a rail for each gang, and so four rails to down to the minute.”18. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?(A)An Eyewitness Report (B
40、)A Difficult Task(C)The Hiring Of a Construction Crew(D)The Railroad And The Civil War 19. According to the passage, in addition to laying railroad track, the work crew did which of the following?(A)Climbed over mountain peaks. (B)Planned railroads.(C) Caught horses(D)Made tunnels. 20. In second par
41、agraph, the word “they” refers to _ (A) men(B) valleys (C) mountains (D) jobs21. Which of the following phrases could be substituted for the phrased “clear of” (in the third paragraph) without changing the meaning of the sentence? (A) put through(B) visible to (C) away from (D) open toPassage 6With
42、the show Rodeo, Agnes de Mille had been an innovator in the world of ballet. But with the show Oklahoma!, she revolutionized the Broadway stage brought to an end the dance line routine of high kicks and mechanized movement, and gave in its place dance and plot smoothly integrated, choreography reinf
43、orcing the action. Twenty-five years later, in March, 1968, a New York Times article by the theater critic Walter Kerr, headed “In the Beginning Was Oklahoma!”, stated, “Oklahoma! had a plot. It had to do with whether a boy would succeed in taking emotional implications had to be danced out at great
44、 length in what remains the most exhilarating dancing ever devised for the United States musical comedy stage.”The impact of Oklahoma! was instantaneous. The song “Beautiful Morning” sounded out via radios, in restaurants, from cars passing on the highways, in shoeshine parlors. Full skirts of gingh
45、am patterns, street shoes made to look like ballet slippers, the ponytail hairdo, were the rage. The play ran for five years and nine weeks in New York City. A traveling road company played it for nine and a half years. It also toured abroad for several years. In 1955 it became a movie. A newly asse
46、mbled all-star company was sent abroad by the State Department as representative of a part of United States culture.As for Agnes de Mille, her days of giving recitals and losing $300 to $1,000 each time were over. She became the most sought-after choreographer on Broadway.22. What is the authors mai
47、n purpose in the passage? (A) To explain the background of the song “Beautiful Morning” (B) To compare Rodeo and Oklahoma! (C) To describe Agnes de Milles success with Oklahoma! (D) To discuss the fashions made popular by Oklahoma!23. The author cites Walter Kerr because he was _ (A) the composer of
48、 the music for Oklahoma! (B) a dancer who performed with Agnes de Mille (C) a critic who praised Agnes de Milles choreography (D) the owner of The New York Times24. In the second paragraph, the expression “were the rage” could best be replaced by _(A)created chaos (B)made people crazed(C) made people angry(D)were very popular 25. Ac