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1、word 考生须知2018年北京市高级中等学校招生考试英语试卷姓名准考证号考场号座位号1.本试卷共 10 页，共五道大题，39 道小题，满分60 分。考试时间90 分钟。2.在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束，将本试卷、答题卡卡和草稿纸一并交回。知识运用（共 14 分）一、单项填空（共6 分，每小题 0.5 分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.My brother and I like foot
2、ball.play it together once a week.A.I B.They C.We D.You 2.Happy birthday,Peter!Here s a giftyou.A.for B.in C.with D.from 3.-do you usually go to school,Mary?-By bike.A.When B.How C.Where D.Why 4.Many people like pandas they are cute.A.though B.if C.while D.because 5.I go now,or Ill miss my train.A.c
3、an B.might C.must D.could 6.Tony is of the three boys,but he is the tallest.A.young B.younger C.youngest D.the youngest 7.Bill likes reading.He picture books with his dad every evening.A.read B.reads C.is reading D.has read 8.-Paul,what were you doing at nine Last night?-I a movie in the cinema with
4、 my friends.A.was watching B.watch C.have watched D.will watch 9.David a tennis player,He _ to play tennis when he was six years old.A.begins B.will begin C.began D.has begun 10.-Lucy,is your uncle a teacher?-Yes,he is.He _ history for nearly 20 years.A.teaches B.has taught C.is teaching D.will teac
5、h 11.A new international airport _ in the city next year.A.completes B.is completed C.will complete D.will be completed word 12.-Alice,could you tell me London?-Sure.Last Sunday A.when Mr.Smith left B.when Mr.Smith will leave C.when did Mr.Smith leave D.when will Mr.Smith leave 二、完形填空（共8 分，每小题 1 分）阅
6、读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。Real Solutions(解决方法）to Problems Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company.They were young and eager to learn.The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems One day,the team was called for a 13 in a hall.They were
7、quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various 14.As they entered,they found a box placed in the center,full of flat balloons The manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up.Then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的）balloons 15 so that the balloons would
8、nt blow out.All tried,but not everyone was 16.Five balloons blew out due to pressure(压力).Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were 17 out of the game.As a result,25 engineers came to the next level.All the balloons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room,here and there.
9、The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on,All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush.It was almost 15 minutes but no one was able to 19 the right one.The second level of the game was over.Then came the final level,the engineers were asked to
10、pick any balloon and give it to person named on the balloon.Within a couple of minutes,all balloons 20 the hands of the respective engineers.The manager announced this was the real solution to the problem.Many times in our life,sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems.13.A.gameB
11、.showC.concertD.patry14.A.purposesB.suggestionsC.thoughtsD.plans15.A.quietlyB.carefullyC.secretlyD.clearly16.A.bonestB.readyC.patientD.succeesful17.A.checkedB.helpedC.ruledD.cleanedword 18.A.collectedB.weighedC.tiedD.cleaned19.A.markB.hideC.numberD.find20.A.freedB.reachedC.liftedD.hit阅读理解（共 36 分）三、阅
12、读下列短文.根据短文内容，从文后各所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共 26 分，每小题 2 分）A Roger:Hi,there!It was my 15th birthday last Saturday.Some of my friends and Alan,my cousin,came to celebrate it.Everyone brought me a gift,we played games,sang songs and had a big birthday cake.It was really a wonderful day!Did you do anythin
13、g special last week?Jessica:Yes,My class were on a school field trip last week.First,We went to the University of North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team.Many basketball stars were students there.Then we visited a museum.We learned about how the plane was invented and took m
14、any pictures there.Sara:Well,I was lucky enough to go to a conference(会议）on charity(慈善）last Wednesday.I was excited to meet a lot of kind people there.One of them was a boy named Richard.He spoke at the conference about the charity work that he had done in the past few years.Martin:It was a differen
15、t week than usual,Last Thursday,my school band(乐队）went to Atlanta to perform in a competition.I played the violin and we won a prize!On Friday we went to the Georgia Aquarium and got to see different kinds of sea life from over the world.It was really cool!21.When did Roger have his birthday party?A
16、.Last Wednesday B.last thursday C.Last Friday D.Last Saturday.22.Who went on a school field trip last week?A.Alan.B.Jessica C.Sara D.Richard.23.Martin went to Atlanta.A.speak at a conference B.organize a party C.perform in a competition D.visit a university B A Beautiful Moment When I was in high sc
17、hool.I worked part-time helping Dad sell fruits and word vegetables at a matket.One day,as I was preparing the fruits.A little boy came by with his mom and sister.He was about eight years old,and the girl,five or six.They were looking the fruits in front of me.I heard the kids say to their mom(in Fr
18、ench)，Theyre good!I knew it was French.Because I can speak and understand it.Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits.At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them.But then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out.And oft
19、en asked her son if it looked okay,but looked way above where his face was.Putting what I saw together,I was sure she was blind.Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits.The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad,and the daughter handed them to her mom.The woman then
20、felt each one and smiled,and the daughter would put them into their basket.The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before.It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help.Most kids that age woul
21、d be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves,instead of helping their mom pick out fruits as the two kids did.It was great to witness the moment,but not so great because I didnt tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language.this is what I regret to this day.24.The wome
22、n and her kids came to the market to buy.A.fruits B.vegetables C.candies D.toys 25.According to what he saw,the writer was sure the mother couldn t.A.speak B.see C.smell D.hear 26.The writer was moved because.A.the mother was brave to face her problems.B.the kids were polite and kind to each other C
23、.the mother was careful in picking out things D.the kids were so willing to help their mother C Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around.They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain.These differences are
24、associated(关联)with beneficial effects on cognitive function(认知功能）.This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain.Lifelong word exposure(接触）to green space in the living places was recordedusing the info
25、rmation on the childrens addresses from birth up through to the time of the study.Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中）were graded with computers.“This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure t
26、o green space and brain structure.”Says Dr.Payam Dadvand，the leading researcher of the study,“Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated wi
27、th white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain.Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests.Moreover,larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary
28、 for brain development in children.Another study of 2，593 children shows that children in school with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.Humans are believed to be tied to nature.Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities t
29、o search and learn.Accordingly,green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery,creativity and risk taking.These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.Dr.Dadvand s study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green spaces
30、on cognitive development,it also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations,settings and climates.And researchers need t
31、o examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.27.The second paragraph is mainly about.A.how the study was performed B.what was recorded in the study C.how long the study lasted D.who took part in the study 28.The word“prompt”in paragraph 6 probably means“”.A.control B.enco
32、urage C.balance D.change 29.What can we learn from the passage?A.Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.B.Dr.Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.C.Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain.word D.Living in greener neighborhoo
33、ds benefits children in brain development.D We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power.However,there s always something staring at us right under our nose but we dont see it.The only time we think of unlocking our self-im
34、provement power is when everything gets worst.When do we realize that we need to change diets?When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us.When do we stop eating candies and chocolates?When all of our teeth have fallen off.When do we realize that we need to stop smoking?When our lungs have gone ba
35、d.We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart.We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change,but change becomes more painful when we ignor
36、e(忽视）it，Change will happen,like it or hate it.At one point or another,we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so.But because we realize its for our own good.Happy people don t just accept change;they embrace(拥抱）it.Unlocking our self-improvement power
37、means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are.It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.Jane always tells everyone that she doesnt have the courage to be around groups of people.She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people.Over the y
38、ears,that is what Jane has believed.Every time a great crowd come,she steps back and locks herself up in a room.Jane not only believes in her story,but lives it!Self-improvement may not be everybodys favorite word,but if we look at things in a different way,we might have greater chances of enjoying
39、the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved.Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life.Reading books every day would build up knowledge.And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize tha
40、t we?re beginning to take things light and become happy.30.The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that A.we learn our lessons when we experience pain.B.we are responsible for the problems we meet.C.life fails us when we get into the wrong way.word D.life is a long journey ful
41、l of ups and downs.31.What is the key to solving Jane s problem?A.She needs to remember why she started.B.She has to know how to get on with people.C.She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.D.She needs to understand the importance of confidence.32.The writer probably agrees that.A.the
42、 world tells us how to improve ourselves.B.people change when they find it easy to do that.C.welcoming change in life is a drive to become better.D.enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler.33.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Is it important to take
43、things light?B.Is it necessary to embrace challenges?C.To hold on to the last moment or to give up?D.To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题.（共 10 分，每小题 2 分）When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework,you might notice that there is no letter E.Have you ever
44、 thought about why that is so?In the A,B,C,D and F grading system,the first four letters are typically considered passing grades.An F in this system simply stands for“fail”.The word“fail”happens to start with the letter F,which seems to leave out the letter E.The fact”.Some schools have U grade for“
45、unsatisfactory”，or I grade for“incomplete”.Even with all this said,we should also point out that E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of lettergrades in the US.The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke Coll
46、ege.In 1897，they began to use the following grading scale:A:95-100%(excellent)B:85-94%(good)C:76-84%(fair)D:75%(barely passed)E:below 75%(failed)We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US.However,many schools decided to drop t
47、he E grade and go straight to F.There is no word evidence(证据)to really support this,but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for“excellent”.Why do we have letter grades?Well,part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a
48、 time of great change for schools.As the 20th century began,growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms.Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.Today,more and more people argue that letter gr
49、ades don?t fully reflect(反映）student learning。However,as teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids,they are familiar(熟悉）and easy for parents to understand.So while they might not be perfect,the letter grades probably arent going away any
50、 time soon.34.what does an F stand for in the A、B、C、D and F grading system?35.when was the letter grading system first used in the US college?36.what is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?37.what did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?38.why do many p