《2019高考物理一轮复习精炼：第一章运动的描述匀变速直线运动的研究微专题8速度-时间图象的理解和应用含答案.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2019高考物理一轮复习精炼：第一章运动的描述匀变速直线运动的研究微专题8速度-时间图象的理解和应用含答案.pdf（4页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、8 速度-时间图象的理解和应用 方法点拨 (1)只有直线运动才有速度(不分解的)时间图象，vt图象中用速度的正负表示速度的方向(与规定正方向相同或相反)(2)vt图象的斜率大小表示加速度大小，斜率正负表示加速度方向(3)vt图象与t轴所围面积表示位移t轴以上的面积表示正方向的位移，t轴以下的面积表示负方向的位移(4)vt图象不含有t0 时刻的位置信息，不能确定出发点1一物体以某一初速度冲上光滑且足够长的斜面，并做直线运动，则下列描述该物体在斜面上运动的速度时间图象可能正确的是()2(2018山东青岛二中模拟)运动质点的vx图象如图1 所示，图线为顶点在坐标原点、开口向右的一条抛物线，则下列判断
2、不正确的是()图 1 A质点做初速度为零的匀加速直线运动B质点的加速度大小为5 m/s2C质点在3 s 末的速度大小为30 m/s D质点在03 s 内的平均速度大小为7.5 m/s 3有一质点从x轴的坐标原点开始沿x轴做直线运动，其速度随时间变化的图象如图2 所示，下列四个选项中a表示质点运动的加速度，x表示质点的位移，其中正确的是()图 2 第 1 页，共 4 页4 ABS是 Anti Lock Brake System 的英文缩写，即“刹车防抱死系统”某汽车在启用ABS刹车系统和未启用该刹车系统紧急刹车过程中，车速与时间的变化关系分别如图3 中的图线所示，由图可知()图 3 A启用 AB
3、S刹车时间大于未启用ABS刹车时间B启用 ABS汽车做匀速运动，未启用ABS汽车做匀减速运动C 0t1的时间内，启用ABS加速度大于未启用ABS加速度D 0t1的时间内，启用ABS平均速度大于未启用ABS平均速度5(2017广东揭阳高三期末)甲、乙两个物体在同一时刻沿同一直线运动，其速度时间图象如图4 所示，下列有关说法正确的是()图 4 A在 46 s 内，甲、乙两物体的加速度大小相等，方向相反B前 6 s 内甲通过的路程更大C前 4 s 内甲、乙两物体的平均速度相等D甲、乙两物体一定在2 s 末相遇6(2017湖北省八校第二次联考)如图 5 所示，直线a与四分之一圆弧b分别表示两质点A、B
4、从同一地点出发，沿同一方向做直线运动的vt图象当B的速度变为0 时，A恰好追上B，则A的加速度为()第 2 页，共 4 页文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F
5、7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU
6、2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F
7、7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU
8、2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F
9、7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU
10、2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7图 5 A 1 m/s2B2 m/s2C.2 m/s2D m/s27如图 6 所示为甲、乙两物体从同一地点沿同一方向的直线运动的vt图象和xt图象(速度与位移的正方向相同)，则下列说法中正确的是()图 6 At0 时甲、乙两物体运动方向相
11、同B物体甲先做加速度增大的减速运动，tt1时开始做匀减速运动，tt2时刻后做匀速运动C物体乙先做减速运动，tt1时开始做反方向的匀加速运动，tt2时刻后做匀速运动Dtt1时物体甲开始反向运动，而物体乙的运动方向不变第 3 页，共 4 页文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7
12、W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档
13、编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7
14、W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档
15、编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7
16、W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档
17、编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7答案精析1 C 2 C 由题图可知，图线满足v2 10 x，由运动学公式v2v022ax，可得v00，a5 m/s2，质点做
18、初速度为零的匀加速直线运动，3 s 末的速度大小v3at315 m/s,0 3 s 内的平均速度vv0v327.5 m/s，选 C.3 B 4.D 5 B vt图象的斜率表示加速度，斜率的正负表示加速度的方向，故在46 s 内，两者的加速度大小相等，方向也相同，A错误；vt图象与t轴围成的面积表示位移，前6 s 内甲图线与坐标轴围成的面积之和较大，所以甲通过的路程更大，B 正确；同理，前4 s 内甲的位移大于乙的位移，故甲的平均速度大于乙的平均速度，C 错误；前 2 s 内两物体的位移相等，但不确定是从同一地点出发的，故不能判定二者是否相遇，D错误 6 C 7 D 由vt图线及xt图线中斜率的
19、意义可知，物体甲在0t1时间内沿正方向做加速度减小的减速运动，t1t2时间内沿负方向做匀加速运动，tt2时刻后做匀速运动，物体乙在0t1时间内沿负方向做减速运动，t1t2时间内做匀速运动，tt2时刻后静止，B、C错；t0 时甲、乙两物体运动方向相反，tt1时物体甲开始反向运动，而物体乙的运动方向不变，A错，D对 第 4 页，共 4 页文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2
20、R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9
21、S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2
22、R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9
23、S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2
24、R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7文档编码:CW9L1H2R8D7 HU2K7W3M3V1 ZH9S8M6R5F7