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1、|反意疑问句一，定义：当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。例如: She is a teacher, isnt she?We are students, arent we?二，反义疑问句的结构结构一：前肯，+后否eg. He is a student, isnt he?结构二：前否，+后肯eg. He isnt a student, is he?三，反义疑问句的做题步骤同学们看到反义疑问句时，一定要想到以下这两个步骤1， 判定。判断用肯定还是否定。 （前面的句子中有否定词 not, never, few, little, nothing 的时
2、候，后面用肯定：反之，则用否定）eg. He has never been to paris, has he ?She knows little English, does she?2， 找动词。(用于提问的动词有三种：be, do 和 have。其中 be 动词包括 am, is, are, was, were. Do 包括 do, does, did. Have 包括 have 和 has，had.)eg. She is a doctor, isnt she? (这里是 be 动词)She likes music, doesnt she? (这里是一般性的行为动词，用 do 的各种形式来提
3、问)Mr. Smith has bought many books, hasnt he? (这里是 have 表示完成时态)注意：当看到 have 的时候。同学们一定要注意，当 have 表示 “有 ”和 “吃 ”的意思时，我们不用 have，而是用 do 的各种形式。例如：She has a book, doesnt she ? (有一本书)You have a good friend, dont you？(有一个好朋友)He usually has dinner with his parents, doesnt he ?也就是说：当看到 have+动词过去分词，表示完成时态的时候，用 ha
4、ve 或 has 的形式提问。当 have 表示 “有 ”和 “吃 ”的意思时，我们用 do 的各种形式提问。名词一， 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词1，只能修饰可数名词的词语有: many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of2，只能修饰不可数名词的词语有: much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of3，既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有: a lot of, lots of, plenty of二，可数名
5、词复数规则变化 ：1.一般情况加 s ： bookbooks，house-houses，girl-girls2.以 s, sh, ch, x 结尾的加 es ： class- classes, box-boxes, match-matches dishdishes3.辅音字母+ y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 es： city-cities, country-countries , party-parties |4.以 o 结尾的+es 的情况： heroes, tomatoes, potatoes (有生命的)以 o 结尾+s 的情况 ： radios, zoos, pianos , phot
6、os（无生命的）5.以 fe 结尾的 变 fe 为 v +es ： wifewives 不规则变化：manmen, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, childchildren, mousemice单复数同行的有: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese 合成词的复数形式 , 两个词都变化 . 例如： man teachermen teachers woman doctorwomen doctors代词主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词I 我 me my mine myselfYou 你 you your yours yo
7、urselfHe 他 him his his himselfShe 她 her her hers herselfIt 它 it its its itselfWe 我们 us our ours ourselvesYou 你们 you your yours yourselvesThey 他们 them their theirs themselves用括号中人称代词的适当形式填空：1.Her sister is helping _（we）.2. John and I are in the same school._（we）go to school together.3.Everyone likes_
8、(she)。 4. Danny gives the book to _ (you).5._ _(I) have many friends. Some of_（they）are good at English.6. Jim is English. _ (I) like playing with _(he).7.I love _（they ） very much.8.Miss Li often looks after_（she）. 9.They are waiting for_（they）.|10.Do you like Li Ming? No, _(I) dont like _(he).介词1,
9、具体在哪一天用介词 on 例如：在星期一 on Mondany, 在九月十号 on September 10th 2, 在哪一年用介词 in例如：在 2012 年, in 2012; 在 1999 年, in 19993, 穿什么颜色的衣服用介词 in例如：She is dressed in green today.4, 河上面有一座桥用介词 overThere is a bridge over the river.（over 在什么上面，两个物体不接触）5，表示一段时间，介词 for+时间例如：I have worked here for three years.6,about:关于 ；在前
10、面: in front of被动语态一，英语中语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。（主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象)例如： She wrote the book. 她写了这本书(主动句)The book was written by her.这本书是被她写的（被动句）二， 被动语态的结构：be+动词的过去分词二， 被动语态的标志性单词：by 和 with by 引出动作的执行者；with 引出行动使用的工具例如：He was killed by a robber.他被一个强盗杀死了。 （这里 by 引出动作的执行者：robber）He was ki
11、lled with a knife.他被人用刀杀死的。 （这里 with 引出行动使用的工具：knife）11. English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken2. This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made3 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep54 Doctors _ _ in every part of th
12、e world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need 5. New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used 6 A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building 数词一，基数词 one two three four five six seven eight nin
13、e ten eleven twelve序数词 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth|二，序数词的运用1. 一般要加 the 表示顺序, the First Lesson , the Third Floor2. 有限定词时，不用 the, 例如：This is Lilys second pen. Its our first lesson. Mary is my first teacher.三，dozen, hundred， thousand，million 和 billi
14、on1,当他们前面有数字时，后面不加 S, 例如：三打 three dozen 三百 three hundred 三千 three thousand2,当他们后面有加 S 时, 后面通常要跟 of, 例如：hundreds of 数以百计 thousands of 数以千计millions of 数百万 dozens of 几打主谓一致1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。2、由 and 或 bothand 连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：The poet and w
15、riter has come.3、一些只有复数形式的名词，如 people, police, cattle, clothes 等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。4、集体名词 family, class, team, group 等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。 5、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。6、由连词 notbut, or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。7、There be 句型、以 h
16、ere,there 开头的句子,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 8、 many a 单数名词 (许多) ；作主语，尽管意思是复数，但谓语动词还是用单数。Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空。做这类题时，必须找出句子的真正主语，然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。1）How time flies! Ten years _ passed.A. have B. has C. is D. are2) Not only his parents but also his bro
17、ther _to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone3）Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.A. were B.is C.are D. was4) There _ many new words in Lesson One. It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are|5) The Olympic Games _ held every_ years. A.
18、is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five 6). Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _good painters. A. are.are B. am.are C. is.is D. are.is7).-Two months _ quite a long time.-Yes. Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were8）. Many a professor _
19、 looking forward to visiting Germany now. Many scientists _ studied animals and plants in the last two years. A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is; are 9）.Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car. A. is B. are C. were D. be词汇短语句型1.So do I 我也是2. There is some
20、thing wrong with .出问题了3. What do you think of .? 你认为怎么样？How do you think ? 你认为怎么样？ How do you like? 你认为怎么样？4. Help yourself 请自便5. 打电话时 问：Who is that speaking?答：This is .speaking.6. 征求意见 问：Would you mind.?答：Of course not.7. Would rather sb. do sth. 宁愿某人做某事8. The answer to the question 问题的答案 the key t
21、o the door 门的钥匙9How long 多长 how much 多少（+ 不可数名词） how many 多少（+可数名词）how often 多久一次（表示频率） how soon 多快10. go fishing 钓鱼 go shopping 逛街11. turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn down 调小，调低 turn up 开大（声音） ，出现12. look for 寻找 find out 找出 look at 看一看13. arrive in/ at 到达 arrive in+大地方 arrive at+小地方14. be good at 擅长 be
22、bad at 不擅长 be good for 对有益 be bad for对有害15. on duty 值日 Im on duty today 今天我值日16. as soon as 一就17. catch up with 赶上 ，追上18. agree with sb 同意某人的意见19. get on well with 与和睦相处20. set up：创立，设立 put up：举起 抬起 pick up：拾起，捡起；无意间学|会（一门语言）21. tooto 太以至于不能 She is too young to go to school.sothat 如此.以至于 She is so y
23、oung that she cannot go to school.形容词副词的比较级和最高级关于形容词副词，考试时就主要考比较级和最高级形容词比较级的用法“as +原级+as” 1She is as smart as you.“比较级+than” 2Jim is taller than Tom.比较级+and+比较级：越来越. 3bigger and bigger:越来越大 more and more difficult:越来越难Her work is getting better and better. 她的工作干得越来越好I become more and more forgetful
24、as Im getting old.随着年龄的增长，我变得越来越健忘了。the +比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子. 越越 4The more you get, the more you want. 得到的越多，想要的就越多。The faster the air is moving, the stronger the wind is.空气流动地越快，风就越大。形容词比较级前可用 much, a lot, far, a bit 等词修饰。 5例如： a lot better 好多了 much taller 高多了 much more comfortable 舒服多了也可以用数词+名词构成 例如
25、：two years younger 少两岁2 形容词最高级的用法通常由“+the+ 形容词最高级+介词短语” 1例如：He is the tallest boy in our class.He is the most interesting teacher in our school有时，最高级前有 the second, the third 等修饰 2例如：Los Angeles is the second largest city in America.洛杉矶是美国的第二大城市。( ) 2 Li Lei is_ student in our class.A. tall B. taller
26、 C. tallest D. the tallest( ) 3 The fifth orange is_ of all. Give it to that small child.A. big B. bigger C. the bigger D. the biggest( )4 Who is-of you three?A. the oldest B. much older C. oldest D. older( ) 1 Tom is one of _ boys in our class.A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall( ) 2 En
27、glish is one of_ spoken in the world.A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language( ) 3 Beijing is one of_ in China.A. the largest city B. the large cities C. the larger cities D. the largest cities动词和时态|终止性动词 延续性动词：borrow keep b
28、uy / get hadie be dead open be open close be closed begin / start (开演) be on finish / end / complete be over leave / start (出发) be away go to school be at schooljoin the army be in the army join the Party be in the Partyfall asleep / get to sleep be asleep receive / get a letter from / hear from hav
29、e a letter from 持续性动词后面可以加 for+时间段现在完成时1 形式：have+过去分词； has+过去分词Eg. I have finished my homework. 我已经写完了我的家庭作业He has returned from school. 他已经从学校回来2.用法1.表示截止到现在已经完成的动作eg By now, I have collected all the data that I need. 2.表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作eg She has been to the United States.3.表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可
30、能还要延续 eg I have learned English for 8 years.过去完成时：had+ 过去分词1.发生在“过去的过去”eg When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 2.与一个表示过去的时间状语连用eg Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.3.在过去某时之前开始一直延续到这一时间eg By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
31、过去将来时1.宾语从句或间接引语中eg He didnt expect that we would all be there. 2.表示过去习惯性的动作eg During that period, he would do this every day.3.表示过去的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句eg They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 一般过去式标志性词：yesterday, the day before yesterday, two years ago, last month the other day 不久前一 天 in 1999
32、9 （在过去的年月）现在进行时标志性词：now, look! Listen!Look, they are playing basketball.|Listen, she is singing.重要的动词Keep 的用法1.keep +形容词 2.keep+sth/sb +形容词3.keep +doing 一直做某事4.keep . from doing . 阻止做某事。5.keep a pet 饲养一个宠物6.How long may I keep this book ？ keep 指借。Stop 的用法1. stop from + v.-ing “阻止” 、“阻拦”“阻止做某事”。 2. s
33、top to do“停下来做某事” ，强调停下来去做另外一件事。 3. stop doing“停止做某事”，强调停止正在做的事情。 Forget 和 remember 的用法1，forget to do，忘记还没做的事情2，forget doing 忘记已经做过的事1，remember to do，忘记还没做的事情2，remember doing 忘记已经做过的事Buy 的用法1. 用作动词，表示“买”，可带双宾语；若双宾易位，通常要用介词 for。如：我叔叔为我买了本英语词典。正：My uncle bought me an English dictionary. 正：My uncle bou
34、ght an English dictionary for me. 2. 表示向某人买某物，通常用介词 from。如：He bought this watch from a friend. 他从一位朋友那儿买了这块手表。3. 表示用多少钱买某物，通常用介词 for。如：I bought the computer for $600. 我花 600 美元买了这台电脑。He bought it for very little money. 他买它只花了一点点钱。【注】有时也用介词 at, 侧重指价格。如(from )：He bought them for at 10p each. 他以每个 10 便士的价格买下了它们。4. 是终止性动词，因此在肯定句中不宜与一段时间连用。如：这房子我已买了十年。正：I bought this house ten years ago. Borrow: 借入 borrow sth. from sb.Lend : 借出 lend sth. to sb.由于时间有限，就总结这些知识给同学们复习了。祝同学好运，考出好成绩！