(完整word版)高中的物理电学实验经典模型总结(word文档良心出品).pdf

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1、WORD 格式.可编辑技术资料.整理分享电学实验经典模型总结实验设计的基本思路(一)电学实验中所用到的基本知识在近年的电学实验中,电阻的测量(包括变形如电表内阻的测量)、测电源的电动势与内电阻是考查频率较高的实验。它们所用到的原理公式为:IrUEIUR,。由此可见,对于电路中电压U 及电流I 的测量是实验的关键所在,但这两个量的直接测量和间接测量的方法却多种多样,在此往往也是高考试题的着力点之处。因此复习中应熟练掌握基本实验知识及方法,做到以不变应万变。1电路设计原则:正确地选择仪器和设计电路的问题,有一定的灵活性,解决时应掌握和遵循一些基本的原则,即“安全性”、“方便性”、“精确性”原则,兼

2、顾“误差小”、“仪器少”、“耗电少”等各方面因素综合考虑,灵活运用。正确性:实验原理所依据的原理应当符合物理学的基本原理。安全性:实验方案的实施要安全可靠,实施过程中不应对仪器及人身造成危害。要注意到各种电表均有量程、电阻均有最大允许电流和最大功率,电源也有最大允许电流,不能烧坏仪器。方便性:实验应当便于操作,便于读数,便于进行数据处理。精确性:在实验方案、仪器、仪器量程的选择上,应使实验误差尽可能的小。2电学实验仪器的选择:根据不使电表受损和尽量减少误差的原则选择电表。首先保证流过电流表的电流和加在电压表上的电压均不超过使用量程,然后合理选择量程,务必使指针有较大偏转(一般要大于满偏度的1/

3、3),以减少测读误差。根据电路中可能出现的电流或电压范围选择滑动变阻器,注意流过滑动变阻器的电流不超过它的额定值,对大阻值的变阻器,如果是滑动头稍有移动,使电流、电压有很大变化的,不宜采用。应根据实验的基本要求来选择仪器,对于这种情况,只有熟悉实验原理,才能作出恰当的选择。总之,最优选择的原则是:方法误差尽可能小;间接测定值尽可能有较多的有效数字位数,直接测定值的测量使误差尽可能小,且不超过仪表的量程;实现较大范围的灵敏调节;在大功率装置(电路)中尽可能节省能量;在小功率电路里,在不超过用电器额定值的前提下,适当提高电流、电压值,以提高测试的准确度。明确目的选择方案选定器材拟定步骤数据处理误差

4、分析WORD 格式.可编辑技术资料.整理分享3测量电路的选择1.伏安法测电阻(1)原理:部分电路的欧姆定律。(2)电流表外接法,如图4 所示。误差分析:产生误差的原因:电压表V 分流。适用于测小阻值电阻,即Rx 远小于 Rv 时。(3)电流表内接法,如图5 所示。误差分析:产生误差的原因:电流表A 分压。适用于测大阻值电阻,即Rx 远大于 RA时。(4)内、外接法的选用原则计算临界电阻:若 RxR0,待测电阻为大电阻,用内接法若 RxR0,待测电阻为小电阻,用外接法即大电阻,内接法;小电阻,外接法。大内小外。方法二:在VR、AR均不知的情况下,可采用试触法。如图所示,分别将a 端与 b、c接触

5、,如果前后两次电流表示数比电压表示数变化明显,说明电压表分流作用大,应采用内接法;如果前后两次电压表示数比电流表示数变化明显,说明电流表分压作用大,应采用外接法。滑动变阻器的分压、限流接法:为了改变测量电路(待测电阻)两端的电压(或通过测量电路的电流),常使滑动变阻器与电源连接作为控制电路,滑动变阻器在电路中主要有两种连接方式:如图(甲)为滑动变阻器的限流式接法,XR为待测a b c 甲乙VVXVAVXAVUR RURRIRRII测真VVAXAAAUUURRRRII测真VAR图 4 R待AV图 5 0AVRR Ra VAR待b 图 6 文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3

6、ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z

7、8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3

8、ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z

9、8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3

10、ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z

11、8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3

12、ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1WORD 格式.可编辑技术资料.整理分享图 10-5 电阻。它的接线方式是电源、滑动变阻器与待测电阻三者串联。对待测电阻供电电压的最大调节范围是:ERRERXX(XR是待测电阻,R 是滑动变阻器的总电阻,不计电源内阻)。如图(乙)是滑动变阻器的分压式接法。接线方式是电源与滑动变阻器组成闭合电路,而被测电路与滑动变阻器的一部分电阻并联,该接法对待测电阻供电电压的调节范围是:E0(不计电源内阻时)。选取接法的原则:要求

13、负载上电压或电流变化范围大,且从零开始连续可调,须用分压式接法。负载电阻Rx 远大于滑动变阻器总电阻R 时,须用分压式接法,此时若采用限流式接法对电路基本起不到调节作用。采用限流电路时,电路中的最小电流(电压)仍超过电流表的量程或超过用电器的额定电流(电压)时,应采用变阻器的分压式接法。负载电阻的阻值Rx 小于滑动变阻器的总电阻R 或相差不大,并且电压表、电流表示数变化不要求从零开始起调,可用限流式接法。两种电路均可使用时应优先用限流式接法,因为限流电路结构简单,总功率较小。例 1、用伏安法测量一个定值电阻的器材规格如下:待测电阻Rx(约 100 );直流电流表(量程 010 mA、内阻 50

14、 );直流电压表(量程03 V、内阻 5 k );直流电源(输出电压4 V、内阻不计);滑动变阻器(015 、允许最大电流1 A);开关 1 个,导线若干.根据器材的规格和实验要求画出实验电路图.【审题】本题只需要判断测量电路、控制电路的接法,各仪器的量程和电阻都已经给出,只需计算两种接法哪种合适。【解析】用伏安法测量电阻有两种连接方式,即电流表的内接法和外接法,由于RxvARR,故电流表应采用外接法.在控制电路中,若采用变阻器的限流接法,当滑动变阻器阻值调至最大,通过负载的电流最小,Imin=xARRRE=24 mA 10 mA,此时电流仍超过电流表的量程,故滑动变阻器必须采用分压接法.如图

15、 10-5 所示.【总结】任一种控制电路必须能保证电路的安全,这是电学实验的首要原则,限流接法虽然简洁方便,但必须要能够控制电路不超过电流的额定值,同时,能够保证可获取一定的电压、电流范围,该题中,即便控制电流最小值不超过电流表的量程,因滑动变阻器全阻值相对电路其它电阻过小,电流、电压变化范围太小,仍不能用限流接法。文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L

16、8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文

17、档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L

18、8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文

19、档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L

20、8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文

21、档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1WORD 格式.可编辑技术资料.整理分享4

22、实物图的连接:实物图连线应掌握基本方法和注意事项。注意事项:连接电表应注意量程选用正确,正、负接线柱不要接错。各导线都应接在接线柱上,不应在导线中间出现分叉。对于滑动变阻器的连接,要搞清楚接入电路的是哪一部分电阻,在接线时要特别注意不能将线接到滑动触头上。基本方法:画出实验电路图。分析各元件连接方式,明确电流表与电压表的量程。画线连接各元件。(用铅笔画线,以便改错)连线方式应是单线连接,连线顺序应先画串联电路,再画并联电路。一般先从电源正极开始,到电键,再到滑动变阻器等。按顺序以单线连接方式将干路中要串联的元件依次串联起来;然后连接支路将要并联的元件再并联到电路中去。连接完毕,应进行检查,检查

23、电路也应按照连线的方法和顺序。(二)定值电阻的测量方法1欧姆表测量:最直接测电阻的仪表。但是一般用欧姆表测量只能进行粗测,为下一步的测量提供一个参考依据。用欧姆表可以测量白炽灯泡的冷电阻。2替代法:替代法的测量思路是等效的思想,可以是利用电流等效、也可以是利用电压等效。替代法测量电阻精度高,不需要计算,方法简单,但必须有可调的标准电阻(一般给定的仪器中要有电阻箱)。例 2、在某校开展的科技活动中,为了要测出一个未知电阻的阻值Rx,现有如下器材:读数不准的电流表A、定值电阻R0、电阻箱 R1、滑动变阻器R2、单刀单掷开关S1、单刀双掷开关 S2、电源和导线。画出实验电路图,并在图上标出你所选用器

24、材的代码。写出主要的实验操作步骤。【解析】实验电路如右图所示。将 S2与 Rx 相接,记下电流表指针所指位置。将S2与 R1相接,保持R2不变,调节R1的阻值,使电流表的指针指在原位置上,记下R1的值,则RxR1。3伏安法:伏安法的测量依据是欧姆定律(包括部分电路欧姆定律和全电路欧姆定律),需要的基本测量仪器是电压表和电流表,当只有一个电表(或给定的电表不能满足要求时),可以用标准电阻(电阻箱或一个定值电阻)代替;当电表的内阻已知时,根据欧姆定律I=U/R电压表同时可以当电流表使用,同样电流表也可以当电压表用。4伏安法拓展:某些问题中,因实验器材不具备(缺电流表或电压表),或因实验条件限制,或

25、因实验精度不允许而不能用“伏安法”。这时我们就得依据问题的具体条件和要求重新选择实验原理,用“伏安法”的替代形式“比较法”来设计实验方案。利用已知内阻的电压表:利用“伏伏”法测定值电阻的阻值文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:

26、CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z

27、7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:

28、CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z

29、7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:

30、CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z

31、7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1WORD 格式.可编辑技术资料.整理分享例 3、用以下器材测量一待测电阻Rx 的阻值(900 1000):电源 E,具有一定内阻,电动势约为9.0V;电压表 V1,量程为

32、1.5V,内阻 r1750;电压表 V2,量程为5V,内阻 r22500;滑动变阻器R,最大阻值约为100;单刀单掷开关K,导线若干。测量中要求电压表的读数不小于其量程的1/3,试画出测量电阻Rx 的一种实验电路原理图。【解析】如图所示利用已知内阻的电流表:利用“安安”法测定值电阻的阻值例 4 用以下器材测量一待测电阻的阻值。器材(代号)与规格如下:电流表 A1(量程 250mA,内阻 r1为 5);标准电流表A2(量程 300mA,内阻 r2约为 5);待测电阻 R1(阻值约为100);滑动变阻器R2(最大阻值10);电源 E(电动势约为10V,内阻 r 约为 1);单刀单掷开关S,导线若干

33、。要求方法简捷,并能测多组数据,画出实验电路原理图,并标明每个器材的代号.需要直接测量的物理量是_,用测的量表示待测电阻R1的计算公式是R1_。【解析】实验电路图如图所示。两电流表A1、A2的读数为I1、I2和电流表A1的内阻为r1,待测电阻R1的阻值的计算公式是:11211rIIIR电压表、电流表混合用例 5 有一电阻 Rx,其阻值在100 200之间,额定功率为0.25W。要用伏安法较准确地测量它的阻值,实验器材有:安培表 A1,量程为50mA,RA1=100安培表 A2,量程为1A,RA2=20文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM

34、5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G

35、3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM

36、5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G

37、3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM

38、5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G

39、3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM

40、5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1WORD 格式.可编辑技术资料.整理分享电压表 V1,量程为5V,RV1=10k 电压表 V2,量程为15V,RV2=30k 变阻器 R1,变阻范围020,2A变阻器 R2,变阻范围01000,1A9V 电源,电键,导线。实验中应选用的电流表、电压表、变阻器分别是:。画出所用实验电路图。【解析】允许通过电阻中电流可能的最大值由:RIP2得,mAImAI503521。因为电阻可能为200,所以通过被测电阻的电流的最大值可能是35mA,应用电流表的示数

41、来 控 制 通 过 电 阻 的 电 流,因 此,电 流 表 应 选A1。又 因 为RUP2,所 以VUVU1.7521。因为电阻可能为100,所以允许加在电阻两端的电压的最大值可能是 5V,应用电压表的示数来控制加在电阻两端的电压,因此电压表应选V1。因为 R1 R2,且 2A35mA,所以应选变阻器R1。因为R1Rx所以滑动变阻器连接方式应选用分压电路。因为xRVARR,所以应选用外接电路。实验所用电路如图所示(三)电表内阻的测量方法1互测法:电流表、电压表各一只,可以测量它们的内阻:两只同种电表,若知道一只的内阻,就可以测另一只的内阻:两只同种电表内阻都未知,则需要一只电阻箱才能测定电表的

42、内阻:2替代法:V A V A V1 V2 A2 A1 R A1 A2 V2 V1 R R 2 1 S A1A R 2 1 S V1V 文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4

43、V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2

44、T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4

45、V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2

46、T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4

47、V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2

48、T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1文档编码:CM5Z8M2T8Y6 HM1L8J8Z7G3 ZO4V1L5Y3T1WORD 格式.可编辑技术资料.整理分享3、半值法(半偏法)。半值法是上面比例法的一个特例,测电流表内阻和测电压表内阻都可以用半值法,电路图如图 10-15 所示。甲图实验时先断开开关S,闭合 S,调整滑动变阻器R01(限流

49、法连接),使电流表A 满度(即指针指满刻度处);再闭合S,调整电阻箱R1,使电流表A的指针恰好指到半满度处,读出此时电阻箱的阻值R,则电流表 A的电阻rA=R。(测量结果偏小)乙图实验时先闭合开关S及S,调整滑动变阻器R02(分压法连接),使电压表V满度;再断开 S,调整电阻箱R2,使电压表V的指针恰好指到半满度处,读出此时电阻箱的阻值R,则电压表V的电阻rV=R。(测量结果偏大)例 6(2000 年全国)从下表中选出适当的实验器材,设计一电路来测量电流表A1的内阻 r1,要求方法简捷,有尽可能高的测量精度,并能测得多组数据。在虚线方框中画出电路图,标明所用器材的代号。器材(代号)规格电流表(

50、A1)量程 10mA,内阻 r1待测(约40)电流表(A2)量程 500A,内阻 r2=750电压表(V)量程 10V,内阻 r3=10电阻(R1)阻值约 100,作保护电阻用滑动变阻器(R)总阻值约50电池(E)电动势 1.5V,内阻很小导线若干,电键 K 若选测量数据中的一组来计算r1,则所用的表达式为r1=_,式中各符号的意义是 _。【解析】如图所示。2121rIIr,I1表示通过电流表A1的电流,I2表示通过电流表A2的电流,r2表示电流表A2的内阻。【备考提示】在很多情况下,电压表和电流表(已知内阻)的功用可以互换。有时利用一块电表配合定值电阻也可以完成功能的互换。实际上就是部分电路

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