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1、1 全国高中数学联赛金牌教练员讲座兰州一中数学组第十讲二项式定理与多项式知识、方法、技能二项式定理1二项工定理nkkknknnnbaCba0*)()(N2二项展开式的通项)0(1nrbaCTrrnrnr它是展开式的第r+1 项.3二项式系数).0(nrCrn4二项式系数的性质(1)).0(nkCCknnkn(2)).10(111nkCCCknknkn(3)若 n 是偶数,有nnnnnnnnCCCCC1210,即中间一项的二项式系数2nnC最大.若 n 是奇数,有nnnnnnnnnnCCCCCC1212110,即中项二项的二项式系数212nnnnCC 和相等且最大.(4).2210nnnnnnC
2、CCC(5).21531420nnnnnnnCCCCCC(6).1111knknknknCknCnCkC或精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 1 页,共 8 页 -2(7)).(nkmCCCCCCmmknmknmkmnmnmkkn(8).1121nknnknnnnnnnCCCCC以上组合恒等式(是指组合数mnC满足的恒等式)是证明一些较复杂的组合恒等式的基本工具.(7)和(8)的证明将在后面给出.5证明组合恒等式的方法常用的有(1)公式法,利用上述基本组合恒等式进行证明.(2)利用二项式定理,通过赋值法或构造法用二项式定理于解题中.(3)利用数学归纳法.(4)构造组合问题模型,将证明方
3、法划归为组合应用问题的解决方法.赛题精讲例 1:求7)11(xx的展开式中的常数项.【解】由二项式定理得77)1(1)11(xxxx77772271707)1()1()1()1(xxCxxCxxCxxCCrr其中第)70(1rr项为rrrxxCT)1(71在rxx)1(的展开式中,设第k+1 项为常数项,记为,1kT则)0(,)1(2,1rkxCxxCTkrkrkkrkrk由得 r2k=0,即 r=2k,r 为偶数,再根据、知所求常数项为.39336672747172707CCCCCCC【评述】求某一项时用二项展开式的通项.例 2:求62)321(xx的展开式里x5的系数.【解】因为6662)
4、1()31()321(xxxx.1)3()3()3(316665564463362261666633622616xCxCxCxCxCxCxCxCxCxC所以62)321(xx的展开式里x5的系数为26363362624616563)(33)(1CCCCCCC.16813)(356516464CCC精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 2 页,共 8 页 -文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S
5、8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9
6、W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B
7、10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C
8、8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:C
9、K9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU
10、7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO
11、6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y43【评述】本题也可将62)321(xx化为62)32(1xx用例 1 的作法可求得.例 3:已知数列)0(,0210aaaa满足),3,2,1(211iaaaiii求证:对于任何自然数n,nnnnnnnnnnnnnnxCaxxCaxxCaxxCaxCaxp)1()1()1()1()(111222211100是 x 的一次多项式或零次多项式.(1986 年全国高中数学联赛试题)【思路分析】由211niiiaaaa知是等差数列,则),2,1(01iidadaaii从而可将)(xp表示成da 和0的表
12、达式,再化简即可.【解】因为),3,2,1(211iaaaiii所以数列na为等差数列,设其公差为d 有),3,2,1(0iidaai从而nnnnnnnnnxCndaxxCdaxxCdaxCaxP)()1()2()1()()1()(0222011000,)1(2)1(1)1()1(222111100nnnnnnnnnnnnnnxnCxxCxxCdxCxxCxCa由二项定理,知,1)1()1()1()1(222110nnnnnnnnnnxxxCxxCxxCxC又因为,)!1()1()!1()!1()!(!11knknnCknknnknknkkC从而nnnnnnnxnCxxCxxC22211)1(
13、2)1()1()1(12111nnnnxxxCxnx.)1(1nxxxnxn所以.)(0ndxaxP当xxPd为时)(,0的一次多项式,当为时)(,0 xPd零次多项式.例 4:已知 a,b 均为正整数,且,sin)(),20(2sin,2222nbaAbaabbann其中求证:对一切*Nn,An均为整数.【思路分析】由nsin联想到复数棣莫佛定理,复数需要cos,然后分析An与复数的关系.【证明】因为.sin1cos,20,2sin2222222babababaab所以且精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 3 页,共 8 页 -文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y
14、2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4
15、文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P
16、3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M
17、7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7
18、Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L
19、9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C
20、1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y44 显然nin)sin(cossin为的虚部,由于ni)sin(cos.)()(1)2()(1)2(2222222222222nnnnbiabaabibabaibaabbaba所以.)()sin(cos)(222nnbianinba从而nnnbianbaA222)(sin)(为的虚部.因为 a、b 为整数,根据二项式定
21、理,nbia2)(的虚部当然也为整数,所以对一切*Nn,An为整数.【评述】把An为与复数ni)sin(cos联系在一起是本题的关键.例 5:已知yx,为整数,P 为素数,求证:)(mod)(PyxyxPPP【证明】PPpPPPPPPPyxyCyxCyxCxyx1122211)(由于)1,2,1(!)1()1(PrrrpppCrP为整数,可从分子中约去r!,又因为P 为素数,且pr,所以分子中的P 不会红去,因此有).1,2,1(|PrCPrP所以).(mod)(PyxyxPPP【评述】将Pyx)(展开就与PPyx有联系,只要证明其余的数能被P整除是本题的关键.例 6:若)10*,()25(1
22、2Nmrmr,求证:.1)(m【思路分析】由已知1)()25(12mmr和猜想12)25(r,因此需要求出,即只需要证明1212)25()25(rr为正整数即可.【证明】首先证明,对固定为r,满足条件的,m是惟一的.否则,设1112)25(mr,),1,0(,*,2121212122mmmmmN则)1,0()0,1(,021212121Zmmmm而矛盾.所以满足条件的m 和是惟一的.下面求及m.因为12212212211212012121222)5(2)5()5()25()25(rrrrrrrrrCCC精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 4 页,共 8 页 -文档编码:CK9W3L9P
23、3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M
24、7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7
25、Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L
26、9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C
27、1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8
28、W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W
29、3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y45 22)5(2)5()5(12212212211212012rrrrrrrCCC*252525 222)5(2)5(21212121231312112123223122112NrrrrrrrrrrrrrCCCCC又因为)1,0()25(),1,0(2512r从而所以)2252525(21
30、212121231312112rrrrrrrrrCCCm12)25(r故.)25()(12rm.1)45()25(1212rr【评述】猜想121212)25()25(,)25(rrr与进行运算是关键.例 7:数列na中,)2(3,311naaann,求2001a的末位数字是多少?【思路分析】利用n 取 1,2,3,猜想nnaa 及的末位数字.【解】当n=1 时,a1=3,3642733321aa27)81(3)81(3)3(3336363643642732aa,因此32,aa的末位数字都是 7,猜想,.*,34Nmman现假设 n=k 时,.*,34Nmmak当 n=k+1 时,34341)1
31、4(33mmakka34034342412434124134034034)1(4)1(4)1(4)1(4mmmmmmmmmmCCCC,3)1(414TT从而*)(34Nmman于是.27)81(33341mmanna故2001a的末位数字是7.【评述】猜想34man是关键.例 8:求 N=19881 的所有形如badba,(,32为自然数)的因子d 之和.【思路分析】寻求N 中含 2 和 3 的最高幂次数,为此将19 变为 201 和 18+1,然后用二项式定理展开.【解】因为N=19881=(201)881=(145)881 精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 5 页,共 8 页 -
32、文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P
33、3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M
34、7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7
35、Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L
36、9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C
37、1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8
38、W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y46=888888888787878833388222881885454545454CCCCC)552(22552565MM其中 M 是整数.上式表明,N 的素因数中2 的最高次幂是5.又因为 N=(1+29)881 8888888822288188929292CC
39、C=32288+34P=32(288+9P)其中 P 为整数.上式表明,N 的素因数中3 的最高次幂是2.综上所述,可知QN2532,其中 Q 是正整数,不含因数2 和 3.因此,N 中所有形如ba32的因数的和为(2+22+23+24+25)(3+32)=744.例 9:设8219)22015()22015(x,求数 x 的个位数字.【思路分析】直接求x 的个位数字很困难,需将与x 相关数联系,转化成研究其相关数.【解】令)22015()22015(,)22015()22015(82198219yxy则)22015()22015(8219,由二项式定理知,对任意正整数n.)2201515(2
40、)22015()22015(22nnnnnC为整数,且个位数字为零.因此,x+y 是个位数字为零的整数.再对 y 估值,因为2.0255220155220150,且1988)22015()22015(,所以.4.02.02)22015(201919y故 x 的个位数字为9.【评述】转化的思想很重要,当研究的问题遇到困难时,将其转化为可研究的问题.例 10:已知),2,1(8,1,01110naaaaannn试问:在数列na中是否有无穷多个能被 15 整除的项?证明你的结论.【思路分析】先求出na,再将na表示成与15 有关的表达式,便知是否有无穷多项能被15整除.【证明】在数列na中有无穷多个
41、能被15 整除的项,下面证明之.数列na的特征方程为,0182xx它的两个根为154,15421xx,所以nnnBAa)154()154((n=0,1,2,)精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 6 页,共 8 页 -文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C
42、1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8
43、W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W
44、3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B1
45、0C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8
46、S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK
47、9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y47 由,1521,15211,010BA
48、aa得则,)154()154(1521nnna取),2,1,0(2kkn,由二项式定理得)15(42)15(42154215211133311nnnnnnnnCCCa),(1542)1544(154154154415415441221223232121212232321212223311为整数其中TTkCCCCCCCCCkkkkkkkkkkkkkkknnnnnnn由上式知当15|k,即 30|n 时,15|an,因此数列na中有无穷多个能被15 整除的项.【评述】在二项式定理中,nnbaba)()(与经常在一起结合使用.针对性训练题1已知实数,均不为 0,多项xxxxf23)(的三根为321,
49、xxx,求)111)(321321xxxxxx的值.2 设dcxbxaxxxf234)(,其中dcba,为常数,如果,3)3(,2)2(,1)1(fff求)0()4(41ff的值.3定义在实数集上的函数)(xf满足:).(,1)1()(xfxxxfxf求4证明:当n=6m 时,.033325531nnnnCCCC5设nxx)1(2展开式为nnxaxaxaa222210,求证:.31630naaa6求最小的正整数n,使得nyxxy)2173(的展开式经同类项合并后至少有1996 项.(1996 年美国数学邀请赛试题)7设493)12()1()(xxxxf,试求:(1))(xf的展开式中所有项的系
50、数和.(2))(xf的展开式中奇次项的系数和.精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 7 页,共 8 页 -文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7Y4文档编码:CK9W3L9P3W7 HU7B10C1M7Y2 ZO6C8S8W7