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1、1 新课标沪科版初中初三物理电和磁总结及精选试题(含答案)一.教学内容:电和磁总结基本要求:1.通过对具体知识点的复习,唤起同学们对所学的知识的回忆。2.通过总结与复习,使同学们对所学知识形成知识体系。3.通过具体的例题讲评,提高同学们利用知识来解决实际问题的能力。重点内容:知识体系的形成、应用能力的提高。难点内容:灵活应用所学知识来解决生活中的常见问题。重点、难点解析一.简单的磁现象知识要点:1.知道什么是磁性、磁体和磁极。2.知道磁体有吸铁性和指向性。3.知道磁极间的相互作用规律。4.知道磁化现象,知道软磁体和永磁体。5.能判断物体有无磁性及磁体的极性。重点知识解析:1.磁体具有吸引铁、钴
2、、镍等物质的性质,我们称其为磁性。磁体上磁性最强的部分叫磁极,磁体有两个磁极,即南极(S 极)和北极(N 极)。磁体总有两极:自然界中的磁体总有N 和 S 两个磁极。如图 1 所示,一根条形磁铁断为三截以后,立即变成三根磁铁,每一段都有N、S 极。只有单个磁极的磁体在自然界里是不存在的。2.磁极间的相互作用规律:同名磁极相互排斥,异名磁极相互吸引。我们可以通过磁体的吸铁(钴、镍)性、指向性和磁极间的相互作用规律来判断一个物体是否具有磁性。3.判别磁极极性的方法:将小磁针靠近磁体,就能判别磁铁的极性。如图2 所示,由静止在磁体旁小磁针甲的指向,可以断定条形磁铁的A 端是 N 极,B 端是 S 极
3、;同时也可以判定小磁针乙的左端是N 极,右端是S 极。4.磁化:使原来不具有磁性的物体获得磁性的过程。二.磁场和磁感线精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 1 页,共 16 页 -2 知识要点:1.知道磁体周围存在磁场,知道磁场的基本性质和磁场具有方向性。2.知道可用磁感(应)线来形象地描述磁场。3.会画条形磁体和蹄形磁体周围的磁感线的分布。重点知识解析:1.磁场:磁体的周围存在着一种叫做磁场的物质,磁体间的相互作用就是通过它们各自的磁场而发生的。磁场的基本性质是它对放入其中的磁体产生磁力的作用,我们常用小磁针是否受到磁力的作用来检验小磁针所在的空间是否存在磁场。2.磁场的方向:在磁场中
4、的某一点,小磁针静止时北极所指的方向规定为该点的磁场方向。3.磁感线:磁感线是为了形象地描述磁场而在磁场中画出的一些假想的、有方向的曲线,任何一点的曲线方向都跟放在该点的磁针北极所指的方向一致。磁体周围的磁感线都是从磁体的北极出来,回到磁体南极。4.怎样理解磁感线可以“形象地描述磁场?”磁感线虽然是一些假想的曲线,但并非主观臆想出来的线,它是根据无数小磁针(被磁化的铁屑)在磁场里的分布和排列的情况,模仿画出的曲线,因而能反映磁场的有关特性。磁感线可以帮助我们方便、形象地确定磁场里任意一点的磁场方向。例如,在图3中要确定小磁针在A 点处的 N 极指向,我们只需根据条形磁铁的磁感线,找出A 点的曲
5、线方向(如图3 中所表示的箭头)。这个方向就是A 点的磁场方向,就是小磁针在A 点时N 极所受到的磁场力的方向,也就是小磁针静止在A 点时的 N 极的指向。应当指出:表示 A 点的曲线方向时,就是过A 点作曲线的切线(与曲线只有一个交点),切线线段的箭头方向要顺着磁感线的方向。磁感线还可以帮助我们认识磁场中磁性强弱的分布情况。磁感线越密的地方,也就是被磁化的铁屑分布越密的地方,也就是磁性越强的地方,反之亦然。在图 3 中可以看出,磁体两端的磁感线特别密,而磁体正中部分的磁感线特别疏,这很好地说明了磁体两端磁性最强,中间最弱的情况。磁体周围的磁感线有无数条,我们可以只画出有代表性的部分磁感线,也
6、可以根据问题的需要增画出能帮助我们解决问题的磁感线。例如,图3 中确定 B 点的磁场方向,就可以增画出经过B 点的磁感线。在认识磁感线时还应注意,它在空间的分布是立体的。4.记住五种基本磁场的磁感线描述。条形磁体和蹄形磁体的磁感线分布如图4 所示。精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 2 页,共 16 页 -文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL
7、3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO1
8、0T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码
9、:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1
10、HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 Z
11、O10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档
12、编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X
13、1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V23 两个磁体之间的磁场中磁感线分布如图5 所示。三.地磁场知识要点:1.知道地磁场。2.知道小磁针静止时,N 极指北、S 极指南的原因。重点知识解析:1.地球本身是一个巨大的磁体,地球周围的磁场叫地磁场。磁针指南北,就是因为受到地磁场作用的缘故。2.地磁北极在地理南极附近,地磁南极在地理北极附近。注意区别地磁南极跟地理南极、地磁北极跟地理北极的概念:一是要注意地磁两极与地理两极的方位是相反的;二是要注意地磁北极与地理南极二者的位置稍有偏离,同样,地磁南极与地理北极二者的位置亦稍有偏离。3.由于地理两极与地磁两极并不重合,所以磁针所指的南北方向
14、不是地理的正南正北方向,而是稍有些偏离。我国宋代的沈括是世界上最早准确记述这一现象的学者。四.电流的磁场知识要点:1.知道电流周围存在着磁场。2.知道通电螺线管对外相当于一个条形磁体。3.会用安培定则(右手螺旋定则)确定通电螺线管磁极的极性和螺线管中的电流方向。4.知道电磁铁的构造。5.理解电磁铁的工作原理。6.会用简单材料制作电磁铁并研究它的特点和作用。7.知道电磁继电器的结构。8.知道电磁继电器的工作原理和作用。重点知识解析:1.奥斯特实验表明:通电导线和磁体一样,周围存在着磁场;电流的磁场方向跟电流方向有关。精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 3 页,共 16 页 -文档编码:C
15、F1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL
16、3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO1
17、0T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码
18、:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1
19、HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 Z
20、O10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档
21、编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V24 2.通电螺线管外部的磁场和条形磁体的磁场一样,通电螺线管的两端相当于条形磁体的两个极。3.通电螺线管的极性跟电流的关系。可以用安培定则来判定:用右手握螺线管,让四指弯向螺线管中的电流的方向,则大拇指所指的那端就是螺线管的北极。怎样根据安培定则判断通电螺线管的磁场?首先应该
22、知道,安培定则表明,决定螺线管磁极极性的根本因素是通电螺线管上电流的环绕方向,而不是螺线管的绕法和电源正、负极的接法。其次,安培定则中的“电流的方向”指的是螺线管中电流的环绕方向,要让弯曲的四指所指的方向跟螺线管中电流环绕方向相一致。具体运用时可分三步进行:标出螺线管上电流的环绕方向;由环绕方向确定右手的握法;由握法确定大拇指的指向,大拇指所指的这一端就是螺线管的N 极,如图 6 所示。4.电磁铁的构造:把螺线管紧密地套在一个铁心上,就构成了一个电磁铁。5.电磁铁的特点:电磁铁通电时有磁性,断电时没有磁性;通入电磁铁的电流越大,它的磁性越强;在电流一定时,外形相同的螺线管,线圈的匝数越多,它的
23、磁性越强。6.对电磁铁原理的理解:通电螺线管内插有铁心后,它周围的磁场比未插入铁心时要强得多,其原因是铁心被磁化后产生了与原螺线管方向一致的磁场,它的N,S极同样可以用安培定则来判定。7.电磁铁的铁心为什么应选用软铁而不用钢?这是因为电磁铁要求其磁性强弱随着通入电流大小的变化而发生明显变化。软铁属软磁体,被磁化后磁性很容易消失;而钢是硬磁体,通电后会磁化成为永磁体,用钢作铁心的电磁铁,其磁性强弱随电流大小的变化就不明显了。8.使原来没有磁性的物体获得磁性的过程叫磁化,由实验可知,含有铁、钴、镍等物质的物体(磁性材料),能够被磁化,成为磁体,这就是磁体能吸引铁、钴、镍的原因。9.软磁体和硬磁体:
24、铁棒被磁化后,磁性很容易消失,称为软磁体;钢棒被磁化后,磁性能够长期保持,称为硬磁体或永磁体。10.电磁继电器的结构如图7所示,它的基本组成部分有电磁铁(A)、衔铁(B)、弹簧(C)和动触点(D)等。电磁继电器是根据电磁铁的优点;通断电流可控制电磁铁磁性有无来工作。精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 4 页,共 16 页 -文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1
25、F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G
26、1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H
27、2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1
28、E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V
29、1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T
30、2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:C
31、F1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V25 11.电磁继电器的工作原理是通过控制通过电磁铁的电流,来达到控制工作电路的目的。因此,一般的继电器电路由(低压)控制电路和(高压)工作电路两部分组成。利用继电器电路可以实现远距离操作和自动控制。电磁继电器的工作过程:12.电磁继电器的工作电路和控制电路的组成和特点:电磁继电器的工作电路由用电器(如电动机)、(高压)电源和电磁继电器的触点组成,主要特点是高电压、强电流;控制电路由电磁继电器的线圈、(低压)电源和开关组成,主要特点是低电压、弱电流。五.磁场电流的作用1.磁场对电流的作用从以下几个方面加深理解。(1)实验装置如
32、图8 所示。(2)实验现象:置于磁场中的导体AB 内有电流通过时,原来静止在导轨上的导体AB 会沿导轨运动,实验表明:通电导线在磁场中要受到力的作用。(3)实验现象分析:导体AB 的运动方向表示磁场对导体AB 的作用力的方向。磁场对电流的作用中的能量转化情况是由电能转化为机械能,通电导体在磁场里受力的方向,跟电流方向和磁感线方向有关。2.通电线圈在磁场中为什么会发生转动?转到什么位置会停下来,为什么?如图 9所示,由于通电线圈的两条对边中电流方向相反,它们在磁场中受到磁场力的方向相反且不在一条直线上,在这两个力作用下线圈会发生转动。当线圈从图示位置转过90时,这两个力恰好在同一直线上,而且大小
33、相等、方向相反,是平衡力。线圈在这对平衡力作用下可以在该位置保持静止。线圈的这一位置叫做平衡位置,此时线圈的平面恰与磁感线垂直。精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 5 页,共 16 页 -文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I
34、6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1
35、F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G
36、1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H
37、2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1
38、E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V
39、1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V26 3.通电线圈转到平衡位置时,为什么不立即停下来,而是在位置附近摆
40、动几下才停下来?通电线圈转到平衡位置前具有一定速度,由于惯性它会继续向前运动,但由于这时受到的磁场力及摩擦力等又会使它返回平衡位置,所以它要摆动几下后再停下来。4.关于直流电动机(1)直流电动机靠直流电源供电,是利用通电线圈在磁场里受到力的作用而转动的现象制成的,是把电能转化为机械能的装置。(2)直流电动机主要由磁铁和线圈组成,此外还有换向器、电刷等。(3)换向器的作用:每当线圈转过平衡位置时,它能自动改变线圈中的电流方向。“换向器”是怎样实现“换向”的?用直流电源给处在磁场中的线圈通电时,要使线圈能绕轴连续转动的关键,在于使线圈一到平衡位置就能自动改变线圈中的电流方向,“换向器”就是能完成这
41、一任务的装置。“换向器”由两个半铜环组成。两个半铜环的开口处(即绝缘处)应如图10 安装。当线圈由于惯性稍稍转过平衡位置时,能交换电刷与换向器的半铜环的接触,从而改变了线圈中的电流方向和受力方向,使线圈仍能按原来的绕向转动。直流电动机和交流发电机的区别。与热机相比,电动机具有构造简单、操作方便、效率高、无污染等优点。会安装直流电动机模型:1.直流电动机模型的安装顺序是从内到外,从下到上的。具体顺序是支架线圈(转子)电刷磁极(定子)。安装直流电动机模型的要点:应按一定次序安装;电刷与换向器之间的松紧,线圈转子与定子之间的间隙要适中;安装完毕后用手拨一下转子,观察其运转是否良好,否则应加以调试。精
42、品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 6 页,共 16 页 -文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V
43、1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T
44、2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:C
45、F1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL
46、3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO1
47、0T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码
48、:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V27 2.改变直流电动机转动方向的方法:改变通过线圈的电流的方向(对调电源两极)或者改变磁感线方向(对调磁铁的两极)。3.改变转速的方法:改变线圈中电流的大小。4.实验步骤:仔细观察换向器,弄清换向器
49、的作用;安装直流电动机模型;画出有关电路图(如图11 示),并按图连接电路;经检查无误后,闭合开关,调节滑动变阻器至合适位置,观察电动机转动情况;按下表进行实验,把结论填入表中。【典型例题】例 1.如图所示,弹簧秤下挂一铁球,将弹簧秤自左向右逐渐移动时,弹簧秤的示数()A.不变。B.逐渐减少。C.先减小再增大。D.先增大再减小。分析:磁体上磁性强弱并不一样,实验证明,磁体两端(磁极)处的磁性最强,而中间的磁性最弱。因而铁球在条形磁铁的N 极和 S 极处受到的吸引力最大,在正中处受到的吸引力很小。答:C 例 2.有一条形铁块,上面的字样已模糊不清,试用多种方法判定它是否具有磁性。分析:判断某物体
50、是否具有磁性,主要可依据磁铁的吸铁性,指向性以及磁极间的相互作用规律。答:方法 1:根据磁体的吸铁性来判断。取一些磁性物质(如少量铁粉),如条形铁块能吸引铁粉,就说明它有磁性,是磁体。方法 2:把条形铁块用细线系住中间,悬吊起来。如果它具有磁性,它将会在地球磁精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 7 页,共 16 页 -文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O3X1 HL3V1G1V4F1 ZO10T2H2I6V2文档编码:CF1E1F3O